Psychology Exam 1 [Quiz Questions]

The biochemical code for eye color is transmitted from parents to offspring by A) genes. B) natural selection. C) epigenetic molecules. D) neurotransmitters

A) genes.

Which of the following is a social norm that has contributed to gender bias in the workplace? A) Men more readily apologize for being impolite than women. B) Men place more emphasis on achievement and power than women. C) Men exercise a more democratic leadership style than women. D) Men more readily express support for others' opinions than women.

B) Men place more emphasis on achievement and power than women.

Compared with evening-loving "night owls," those who are morning types tend to perform ________ in school and tend to be ________ vulnerable to depression. A) worse; more B) better; less C) worse; less D) better; more

B) better; less

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The man's failure to notice that during this interruption the construction worker was replaced by another person wearing different-colored clothes illustrates A) dual processing. B) change blindness. C) blindsight. D) parallel processing.

B) change blindness.

Studying people of all races and cultures is most helpful for A) encouraging natural selection. B) discerning human similarities and differences. C) promoting structuralism. D) inhibiting introspection.

B) discerning human similarities and differences.

When confronted by a large and potentially dangerous snake, Alissa experienced a surge of energy triggered by the release of ________ into her bloodstream. A) endorphins B) epinephrine C) serotonin D) oxytocin

B) epinephrine

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called A) genes B) hormones C) agonists D) neurotransmitters

B) hormones

Random sampling is to ________ as random assignment is to ________. A) description; prediction B) replication; correlation C) surveys; experiments D) correlational studies; case studies

C) surveys; experiments

The interdisciplinary study of the linkages between brain activity and mental processes is known as A) evolutionary psychology. B) behaviorism. C) neurology. D) cognitive neuroscience.

D) cognitive neuroscience.

Babies who are generally cheerful, relaxed, and have predictable feeding and sleeping schedules are considered to have a(n) ________ temperament. A) outgoing B) difficult C) fearless D) easy

D) easy

Adele, who is transgender, feels like a combination of male and female. This is common, as roughly ________ percent of those not identifying with their birth-assigned sex have a nonbinary gender identity A) 30 B) 20 C) 50 D) 10

A) 30

Curare is a paralyzing poison that functions as a(n) A) ACh antagonist. B) GABA agonist. C) ACh agonist. D) GABA antagonist.

A) ACh antagonist.

Delta waves are most clearly associated with ________ sleep. A) N3 B) REM (R) C) N2 D) N1

A) N3

Which early psychologist aimed to study the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings? A) William James B) Edward Bradford Titchener C) Wilhelm Wundt D) Charles Darwin

A) William James

In service-learning programs where teens have tutored children or assisted older adults, the teens have experienced A) an increased sense of competence. B) increased school absenteeism. C) a decreased sense of peer approval. D) an increase in violent behavior.

A) an increased sense of competence.

When looking for a mate, humans generally A) avoid close genetic relatives B) prioritize physical attractiveness at the expense of other traits C) seek out those who have faced adaptive challenges D) prize very different traits

A) avoid close genetic relatives

Compared with rats raised in solitary confinement without playthings, those rats housed in enriched environments with playthings developed significantly more A) cerebral cortex. B) secure attachments. C) epigenetic marks. D) expanded schemas.

A) cerebral cortex.

A cross-sectional study is one in which A) different age groups are tested at the same time. B) different characteristics of a given individual are assessed at the same time. C) the behavior of a group is assessed by different researchers. D) the same people are retested over a period of years.

A) different age groups are tested at the same time.

Margaret had a stroke that damaged the right side of her brain. Yet, she has difficulty moving her left arm, not her right arm. This indicates that the A) motor cortex on the right side of the brain controls movements of specific body parts on the opposite side of the body. B) somatosensory cortex is responsible for phantom limb movements. C) association areas of the brain control movements of all body parts. D) motor cortex on the right side of the brain controls movements of specific body parts on the right side of the body.

A) motor cortex on the right side of the brain controls movements of specific body parts on the opposite side of the body.

Recurrent sexually arousing fantasies and behaviors involving nonhuman objects is an indication of a(n) A) paraphilia B) refractory period C) erectile disorder D) sexual dysfunction

A) paraphilia

A culturally modeled guide for how to act in particular situations is called a A) social script B) behavioral trait C) natural selection D) paraphilia

A) social script

Our capacity to monitor external stimuli well enough to stroll around our house while sleeping best illustrates that we function with a A) two-track mind. B) circadian rhythm. C) REM rebound. D) sleep debt.

A) two-track mind.

Exposure to bright light causes the A) pineal gland to increase the production of melatonin. B) pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin. C) thyroid gland to increase the production of melatonin D) thyroid gland to decrease the production of melatonin.

B) pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin.

Blind echolocation experts who can use the brain's visual centers to process auditory signals best illustrate the value of A) refractory periods B) plasticity C) endorphins D) reuptake

B) plasticity

Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetic fields and ________ to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. A) brain lesions B) radio waves C) a radioactive form of glucose D) electrodes placed on the scalp

B) radio waves

Adding two large numbers together by consciously focusing on and solving each subcomponent of the task in serial order best illustrates A) change blindness. B) sequential processing. C) the two-track mind. D) inattentional blindness.

B) sequential processing.

Professor X is studying the effect of exposure to sexual content on sexual thoughts. She assigns students to one of two conditions. In the first condition, participants are exposed to explicit sexual content and then given a word-completion task, which involves filling in the letter missing from each word. Based on the letter added, the word could be of a sexual nature or not. For instance, b_d could be completed as "bed," indicating sexual thought, or as "bad," which has no sexual connotation. In the second condition, participants are not exposed to explicit sexual content but are assigned the same word-completion task. The experimental group consisted of the students who A) completed the word as "bed". B) were exposed to explicit sexual content. C) completed the word as "bad". D) were not exposed to explicit sexual content.

B) were exposed to explicit sexual content.

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through A) sleeptalking. B) EEG recordings. C) REM sleep. D) sleep apnea.

C) REM sleep.

Dr. Cast has found that children who watch more television are more likely to be overweight. Which conclusion can he reach? A) Children who are obese like to watch television. B) Normal-weight children do not watch television. C) Watching increased amounts of television is correlated with obesity. D) Watching television causes obesity.

C) Watching increased amounts of television is correlated with obesity.

Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses? A) behavior genetics B) neuroscience C) behavioral D) evolutionary

C) behavioral

Melissa is a graduate student in a theological studies program. The fact that her dreams often involve abstract theological issues and biblical metaphors is best explained by A) memory consolidation theory. B) wish-fulfillment theory C) cognitive development theory. D) neural activation theory.

C) cognitive development theory.

A child who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates A) androgyny. B) spermarche. C) gender typing. D) secondary sex characteristics.

C) gender typing.

The early branch of psychology that focused on our human need for love and acceptance and on environments that nurture or limit personal growth was called A) cognitive psychology B) Freudian psychology C) humanistic psychology D) behaviorism

C) humanistic psychology

When pregnant rats drink alcohol, their young offspring later display a(n) A) aversion to the taste of alcohol. B) unusually rapid development of bladder control. C) liking for the taste and odor of alcohol. D) immunity to fetal alcohol syndrome.

C) liking for the taste and odor of alcohol.

Jamaal is 14 years old. Key milestones for people his age include A) pretend play and egocentrism. B) conservation and mathematical transformations. C) logic and the potential for mature moral reasoning. D) object permanence and stranger anxiety.

C) logic and the potential for mature moral reasoning.

People have always responded so positively to Alyssa's good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates the interaction of A) behavior genetics and evolutionary psychology B) genes and chromosomes C) nature and nurture D) evolution and natural selection

C) nature and nurture

On which of the following tasks is a 20-year-old most likely to outperform a 70-year-old? A) recognizing previously presented names of fruits and vegetables B) recalling previously presented names of cities C) recalling previously presented nonsense syllables D) recognizing previously presented foreign language words

C) recalling previously presented nonsense syllables

Nancy the neuron is taking a short break. This called the A) threshold. B) communication response. C) refractory period. D) ion.

C) refractory period.

Evolutionary psychologists most clearly emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted A) cultural diversity. B) epigenetic marks. C) reproductive success. D) personal happiness.

C) reproductive success.

Thea, who is in a romantic relationship with Morgan, is ovulating. Some evidence suggests Thea may experience a ________ in sexual desire at this time. A) significant increase B) significant decrease C) slight increase D) slight decrease

C) slight increase

The area in the hypothalamus that governs sexual arousal becomes active when ________ are given a whiff of scent derived from men's sweat. A) straight women and straight men B) gay women and gay men C) straight women and gay men D) gay women and straight men

C) straight women and gay men

After living together for a year without any long-term commitment to their relationship, Sylvia and Yefim have decided to marry. Research on premarital cohabitation most strongly suggests that A) they have more positive attitudes toward the institution of marriage than the average couple. B) their marriage will have a higher probability of being successful. C) their marriage will have a higher probability of ending in divorce. D) most of their college friends and acquaintances have viewed their cohabitation negatively.

C) their marriage will have a higher probability of ending in divorce.

Psychologists who view the developmental process as a slow, continuous shaping process A) contend that our temperament changes throughout the life span. B) believe in clear-cut stages of psychological development. C) believe that although the order of stages is the same for everyone, the timing may be different. D) emphasize experience and learning.

D) emphasize experience and learning.

Which research design manipulates a factor to determine its effect? A) correlational design B) survey C) naturalistic observation D) experiment

D) experiment

From ages 3 to 6, your ability to control your attention and make plans developed rapidly thanks to rapid brain growth in the A) parietal lobes. B) temporal lobes. C) occipital lobes. D) frontal lobes.

D) frontal lobes.

The idea that gay people's genes live on through their supporting the survival and reproductive success of their relatives is basic to the A) older-brother theory. B) gender identity theory. C) erotic plasticity theory. D) kin selection theory.

D) kin selection theory.

Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be A) most severe among those with moderate levels of drug tolerance. B) equally severe among those with low, moderate, or high levels of drug tolerance. C) most severe among those with low levels of drug tolerance D) most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance.

D) most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance.

Dr. Wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people. Dr. Wilcox is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. A) biological B) cognitive C) industrial-organizational D) personality

D) personality

Which psychological perspective is most likely to examine how group membership influences individual attitudes and behaviors? A) psychodynamic B) neuroscience C) evolutionary D) social-cultural

D) social-cultural

Compared with adult women, adult men more often use conversation to A) explore relationships. B) offer support. C) obtain feedback on their views. D) solve problems.

D) solve problems.