Psychology Exam Review
A psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on a cell phone or to drive a simulator without talking on a phone. Which type of research does the scenario describe? A Participant observation B Naturalistic observation C Correlational D Case study E Experimental
E Experimental
Which of the following brain structures has the strongest influence on hunger and satiety? A Hippocampus B Medulla C Occipital cortex D Corpus callosum E Hypothalamus
E Hypothalamus
Which of the following is a strength of naturalistic observation? A It makes data collection easy, which saves time and money. B It allows researchers to draw conclusions about cause and effect. C It produces data that are easily quantified for statistical analysis. D It allows researchers to easily control many variables at once. E It minimizes artificiality, which can be a problem in laboratory studies.
E It minimizes artificiality, which can be a problem in laboratory studies.
Which of the following have been shown to have a positive correlation? A Age and REM sleep B Stress and health C Mothers' smoking and their babies' birth weight D Self-esteem and depression E Perceived lack of control and learned helplessness
E Perceived lack of control and learned helplessness
Matthew learned to play the violin at a very early age. He is able to play several songs from memory, but he does not remember learning to play them. Matthew's ability to play the violin depends on which of the following types of memory? A Episodic B Short-term C Sensory D Semantic E Procedural
E Procedural
The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches? A Cognitive B Biological C Behavioral D Sociocultural E Psychodynamic
E Psychodynamic
Kristin sees a forty-year-old man fall to the ground. According to studies on prosocial behavior, which of the following situations would decrease the likelihood of her helping him? A Kristin feels distress with not helping. B Kristin's empathy is high. C The man is Kristin's cousin. D The man clearly states that he needs help. E The man fell at a crowded farmers market.
E The man fell at a crowded farmers market.
When a child behaves well for an entire day, the child earns a star. After acquiring fifteen stars, the child is allowed to pick a prize from a toy chest. The star is best described as A an unconditioned stimulus B an unconditioned response C a conditioned response D a primary reinforcer E a secondary reinforcer
E a secondary reinforcer
The pituitary gland is controlled by the A hippocampus B medulla C amygdala D occipital lobe E hypothalamus
E hypothalamus
The therapeutic technique that stresses that the patient should determine the course of therapy is known as A flooding B rational-emotive behavior therapy C logotherapy D family therapy E person-centered therapy
E person-centered therapy
Which of the following psychological disorders is correctly paired with the appropriate classification? A specific phobia . . schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders B major depressive . . personality disorders C obsessive-compulsive . . depressive disorders D conversion . . personality disorders E posttraumatic stress . . trauma- and stressorrelated disorders
E posttraumatic stress . . trauma- and stressorrelated disorders
Which of the following is considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia? A Flat affect B Difficulty reading others' emotions C Increased family interaction D Difficulty with attention E Delusions
E. Delusions
Which of the following psychological concepts is best illustrated in the chart above? A Social loafing B In-group bias C Groupthink D Social facilitation E Group polarization
E. Group Polarization
Which of the following psychologists would have been likely to say, "I do not care about the unconscious or hidden motives—I want to study behavior directly"? A Carl Rogers B Sigmund Freud C Wilhelm Wundt D William James E John Watson
E. John Watson
Research in the field of positive psychology is most supportive of which of the following conclusions? A An external locus of control results in higher levels of optimism. B An internal locus of control lowers immune system functioning. C Locus of control is not an important factor in health and well-being. D Perception of control is determined by situational factors. E Perception of control is related to a sense of well-being.
E. Perception of control is related to a sense of well-being.
In the figure above, a patient has been asked to draw a slash through each circle. The pattern of responses suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas? A. Left occipital lobe B Medulla C Cerebellum D Endocrine system E Right hemisphere
E. Right Hemisphere
Hermann Ebbinghaus tested his memory using combinations of three-letter nonsense syllables. Which of the following graphs best represents his findings about the relationship between forgetting and time?
Graph that starts up on the left and goes down the right
Which of the following scatterplots shows the strongest relation?
The scatterplot that is more closest together.
A therapist uses systematic desensitization to treat a client with a phobia. Which of the following treatment approaches can best explain the fundamental components underlying this technique? A Behavioral B Humanistic C Cognitive D Neurobiological E Psychoanalytic
A Behavioral
For every twenty cell phones that Tom sells, he will get a $50 bonus. The bonuses are an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedules? A Fixed ratio B Fixed interval C Variable ratio D Variable interval E Continuous
A Fixed ratio
Hillary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use? A Iconic B Procedural C Declarative D Implicit E Echoic
A Iconic
Which of the following statements describes the Flynn effect? A Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the United States were higher in 2003 than in 1993. B IQ scores in the United States were lower in 1999 than in 1989. C Children who attend Head Start programs show short-term gains in IQ scores. D There is no statistically significant relationship between IQ scores and creativity. E People may earn higher scores when they are told the test is a personality assessment rather than an intelligence test.
A Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the United States were higher in 2003 than in 1993.
What type of theorist is most likely to assess people's personalities by having them draw pictures, in the hope that the drawings will reveal underlying personality characteristics? A Psychoanalytic B Behavioral C Humanistic D Cognitive E Social cognitive
A Psychoanalytic
Which of the following is always true of standardized tests? A They are supposed to be administered and scored in a consistent manner. B They are supposed to be administered individually. C They are verified experimentally. D They are scored electronically. E They are projective.
A They are supposed to be administered and scored in a consistent manner.
When Cory is given a logic problem to solve, he systematically tries every possible solution until he finds the correct answer. Cory's strategy is to use A an algorithm B a heuristic C a mnemonic D cognitive restructuring E insight
A an algorithm
When Julie's boyfriend bought her a nice present, she thought, "He buys me presents because he's such a nice person." This kind of explanation is referred to as A an attribution B a belief in a just world C mutual independence D a stereotype E social facilitation
A an attribution
People respond more favorably when they are faced with a 95 percent success rate than with a 5 percent failure rate because of A framing B intuition C overconfidence D belief perseverance E the representativeness heuristic
A framing
Konrad Lorenz found that shortly after a gosling is born, it tends to follow the first large moving object it sees. That is an example of A imprinting B object permanence C observational learning D accommodation E a secure attachment
A imprinting
Suzie screamed at her little brother, and her mother yelled, "We do not yell in this house!" Suzie continues to yell at her brother despite her mother reprimanding her. Suzie's behavior is best explained by A observational learning B stimulus generalization C latent learning D negative reinforcement E intermittent reinforcement
A observational learning
Katie is trying to explain to her parents why they should allow her to attend State University. She presents them with information on tuition, graduation and retention rates, financial aid, and enrollment. Katie is using A the central route to persuasion B groupthink C the door-in-the-face technique D the self-serving bias E an algorithm
A the central route to persuasion
The original dopamine hypothesis refers to the view that schizophrenia is at least partially caused by A too much dopamine in the brain B too much dopamine in the spinal cord C too little dopamine in the brain D too little dopamine in the spinal cord E too little dopamine in the peripheral nervous system
A too much dopamine in the brain
A research group involved with advertising is conducting a study to investigate whether shoppers are more likely to engage in impulse buying at the checkout than at any other place in the store. For the results of the study to be generalizable, the researchers should A use a representative sample B use a small convenience sample C depend on self-report surveys D create a double-blind procedure E conduct an experiment
A use a representative sample
Andy and Noel have been happily married for 25 years. They have a warm and trusting affection for each other. Which social psychology concept applies to their relationship? A Companionate love B Passionate love C Mere-exposure effect D Matching hypothesis E Cognitive dissonance
A. Companionate love
Felicia is experiencing depression. During treatment, her psychologist works to develop a therapeutic relationship with Felicia so that Felicia can explore her potential as a person. What type of treatment protocol is the psychologist using? A. Humanistic B. Psychodynamic C. Behavioral D. Cognitive E. Biological
A. Humanistic
A psychologist develops a new assessment instrument for depression. She gives it to a sample of clients and then, some time later, gives it to the same sample again. What aspect of the assessment is she evaluating? A Reliability B Validity C Standardization D Sensitivity E Clinical significance
A. Reliability
Little Andrea has just learned that robins are birds. She now sees a sparrow, points to it, and calls out "Bird!" According to Jean Piaget, Andrea is showing the cognitive process of A. assimilation B. accommodation C. equilibration D. habituation E. object permanence
A. assimiliation
The psychological experience of pitch is related to a sound wave's A. frequency B. amplitude C. complexity D. timbre E. power
A. frequency
Which of the following are NOT part of a neuron? A. Synapses B. Dendrites C. Somas D. Axons E. Axon terminals
A> Synapses
According to Sigmund Freud's theory of personality, which of the following statements is most representative of the id? A "Practice random kindness." B "More, more, more!" C "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." D "Look before you leap." E "Balance is best."
B "More, more, more!"
Which of the following brain structures is most associated with the emotion of fear? A Cerebral cortex B Amygdala C Cerebellum D Medulla E Reticular formation
B Amygdala
Which of the following is the most effective treatment for individuals with schizophrenia? A Psychoanalysis B Antipsychotic medications C Antidepressant medications D Insight therapy E Rational emotive behavior therapy
B Antipsychotic medications
While shopping in the grocery store, Shelby stopped and was blocking the aisle. Another shopper asked Shelby to step aside so that she could move down the aisle. Shelby moved out of the way to let the shopper pass. Which of the following phenomena accurately describes Shelby's action? A Informed consent B Compliance C Social facilitation D Social impairment E Social loafing
B Compliance
According to research by Fergus I. M. Craik and Endel Tulving on levels of processing, which of the following would most improve the ability to recall the word "umbrella"? A Counting the number of syllables in the word "umbrella" B Deciding whether an umbrella would be useful to pack for a trip C Mentally spelling the word "umbrella" D Writing the word "umbrella" E Deciding whether the word "umbrella" rhymes with the word "banana"
B Deciding whether an umbrella would be useful to pack for a trip
Which of the multiple intelligences posited by Howard Gardner is most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence? A Kinesthetic B Intrapersonal C Naturalist D Spatial E Linguistic
B Intrapersonal
Which of the following statements is most consistent with Benjamin Whorf's concept of linguistic determinism? A The languages of nearly all cultures contain the same basic sounds and root meanings. B Language shapes the way an individual thinks and interprets experiences. C The human nervous system is predisposed to the acquisition and use of language. D If an individual is not exposed to language during a critical period, language acquisition will be impaired. E The development of cognitive schemas precedes language development.
B Language shapes the way an individual thinks and interprets experiences.
Which of the following statements about the perception of taste is true? A Infants are not able to perceive taste differences until they are at least twelve months old. B Older adults frequently experience decreases in the sense of smell that make it more difficult to perceive the flavor of food. C The basilar membrane is responsible for sending messages about tastes from the tongue to the brain. D The five primary taste qualities are spicy, sour, salty, bitter, and sweet. E Taste receptors are located exclusively on the tip of the tongue.
B Older adults frequently experience decreases in the sense of smell that make it more difficult to perceive the flavor of food.
A healthy, seventy-year-old editor of a print magazine is likely to experience the greatest decline in which of the following cognitive tasks? A Remembering who was the president of the United States in 1960 B Quickly learning the process of editing and publishing an Internet-based magazine C Recalling the name and author of a favorite book D Remembering the names of grandchildren E Explaining the process of magazine publishing before computers and the Internet
B Quickly learning the process of editing and publishing an Internet-based magazine
X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O X O Carlos sees the figure above as six unified columns, not four unified rows. Which of the following Gestalt principles is operating most strongly? A Proximity B Similarity C Closure D Good continuation E Common fate
B Similarity
Which of the following terms is used to describe an infant's individual style of interacting with the world? A Resilience B Temperament C Intuitive thought D Symbolic thought E Object permanence
B Temperament
George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident? A The parietal lobe B The occipital lobe C The hippocampus D Wernicke's area E Broca's area
B The occipital lobe
After sustaining a traumatic injury, Russ is having difficulty comprehending the meaning of words. Which of the following parts of his brain has most likely been damaged? A The motor cortex B Wernicke's area C Suprachiasmatic nucleus D The somatosensory cortex E The reticular formation
B Wernicke's area
A test that measures a student's potential ability is A an achievement test B an aptitude test C an intelligence test D a personality inventory E an interest inventory
B an aptitude test
A psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on a cell phone or to drive a simulator without talking on a phone. In the study, cell phone use can be described as A a dependent variable B an independent variable C a confounding variable D a random variable E an operational definition
B an independent variable
The graph above depicts the results of an experiment in which rats learned to navigate a maze in one of three conditions. According to the results, the food reward given to group C revealed A higher-order conditioning B cognitive mapping C secondary reinforcement D observational learning E assimilation
B cognitive mapping
Mikayla, a high school student strongly opposed to video game use, is researching the topic for a speech she will deliver to her English class. Rather than searching for "the effects of video games," Mikayla searches for "the dangers of video games" and finds hundreds of Web sites with information she can use to argue her position. Her behavior is an example of A using a syllogism B confirmation bias C insight D self-serving bias E functional fixedness Related Content & Skills
B confirmation bias
Five-year-old Mary watches while her teacher pours equal amounts of water into two similar glasses. The liquid from one of the glasses is then poured into a tall, thin container, and Mary is asked which contains more—the original glass or the tall, thin container. She says the tall, thin container contains more liquid. According to Jean Piaget, this example illustrates a lack of A egocentrism B conservation C object permanence D preconventional thought E basic trust
B conservation
Genie was a girl who endured abusive and neglectful conditions and was deprived of language exposure until she was rescued at age 13. Despite remediation, Genie was unable to learn to speak fluently. Historically, this case study was used to demonstrate the effects of A temperament B critical periods C linguistic determinism D self-fulfilling prophecies E cognitive dissonance
B critical periods
The researchers who conducted the Stanford prison simulation believed that the participants designated as guards acted harshly toward those designated as prisoners because the A guards were all male B guards responded to situational factors C guards had negative personality factors D prisoners had negative personality factors E prisoners were young
B guards responded to situational factors
Infants are repeatedly shown an object dropping onto a platform. Eventually, the infants spend less time looking at the object, and their heart rates and respirations decrease. This is an example of A sensory adaptation B habituation C dishabituation D generalization E transference
B habituation
According to Erik Erikson, individuals in early adulthood often seek a life partner with whom they will share their most closely held secrets and hopes. Erikson called this psychosocial stage of development A generativity versus stagnation B intimacy versus isolation C industry versus inferiority D identity versus role confusion E initiative versus guilt
B intimacy versus isolation
Rosemary wants to make the track team because she enjoys running. Her reason for wanting to make the track team is an example of A extrinsic motivation B intrinsic motivation C achievement motivation D a need for affiliation E a need for belongingness
B intrinsic motivation
Barney is a somewhat distractible second-grade student who finds schoolwork a bit boring. After a couple of minutes of working silently, Barney often starts to misbehave until his teacher, Ms. Skinner, calls his name and scolds him. However, he enjoys this attention from her and continues to misbehave. With respect to Barney's misbehavior, Ms. Skinner's attention serves as A punishment B positive reinforcement C negative reinforcement D differential reinforcement E primary reinforcement
B positive reinforcement
While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word "exactly." Zach's response is an example of A the Gestalt principle of closure B the cocktail party effect C sensory adaptation D bottom-up processing E the just-noticeable difference
B the cocktail party effect
3 4 5 5 7 7 7 8 8 10 Ten participants in a treatment group were asked to rate their feelings of self worth on a scale of one to ten, with a value of ten indicating a very positive feeling of self-worth. The data for the participants are above. What is the mean for these data? A. 6 B. 6.4 C. 7 D. 7.33 E. 7.5
B. 6.4
Which phenomenon was demonstrated when participants in Stanley Milgram's experiment chose to administer the highest possible level of voltage charge to the learners? A Conformity B Obedience C Deindividuation D Group cohesion E Lowballing
B. Obedience
Based only on the variable described for each of the following pairs of individuals, which individuals are most likely to show different facial expressions when experiencing the same emotion? A Two individuals who are from different nations B Two individuals who are from different cultures that have different display rules for the emotion C An individual who is blind and an individual who can see D An individual who is deaf and an individual who can hear E An individual conforming to the James-Lange theory and an individual conforming to the Schachter two-factor theory
B. Two individuals who are from different cultures that have different display rules for the emotion
Which of the following is true regarding visual information processing? A Feature detectors in the retina process information before rods and cones. B Rods and cones receive neural signals from ganglion cells. C Bipolar cells relay information to ganglion cells that form the optic nerve. D Feature detectors process information before bipolar cells. E Rods transduce wavelength and cones transduce light intensity.
C Bipolar cells relay information to ganglion cells that form the optic nerve.
Frank witnessed a burglary, and he felt very upset. Shortly after the event, Frank lost his ability to see. Doctors were unable to find a biological reason for his blindness. Which of the following is Frank most likely experiencing? A Panic disorder B Bipolar disorder C Conversion disorder D Tardive dyskinesia E Schizophrenia Related Content & Skills
C Conversion disorder
The theorist who conducted pioneering research on latent learning and cognitive maps was A Albert Bandura B Martin Seligman C Edward Tolman D B. F. Skinner E Ivan Pavlov
C Edward Tolman
Colleen likes to have others do things for her and is quick to criticize other people for being dependent and lazy. This demonstrates which defense mechanism? A Displacement B Regression C Projection D Rationalization E Sublimation
C Projection
Jonathan practiced for a speech competition with other students and the coach. Although his performance during practice was usually average, Jonathan won a gold medal for his performance to a large crowd of attendees at the competition. Which of the following social psychology principles accounts for Jonathan's exceptional performance? A Conformity B Obedience C Social facilitation D Social impairment E Social loafing
C Social facilitation
Joel's pupils become dilated, his digestion is reduced, and his skin becomes cold. Which system is controlling his bodily changes? A Parasympathetic B Central C Sympathetic D Somatic E Endocrine
C Sympathetic
In Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning paradigm, the dog salivated in response to the food at the outset of the experiment because the food was A a conditioned stimulus B a conditioned response C an unconditioned stimulus D an unconditioned response E a secondary reinforcer
C an unconditioned stimulus
Shaniqua is a fourth grader who loves to read whenever she has free time. To encourage Shaniqua to continue to read, her parents would best be advised to A give her $1 for every book she finishes B give her $20 for every book she finishes C do nothing additional D ask her teachers to give her a gold star at school for each book she reads E restrict her choice of books to classic literature
C do nothing additional
The "Little Albert" study demonstrated that A humans can learn through observation B biological constraints affect learning in humans C fear can be conditioned in humans D punishment can effectively decrease behavior in humans E learning in humans is fundamentally different from learning in other species
C fear can be conditioned in humans
The scapegoat theory suggests that A group viewpoints become more extreme when they are discussed B the world is just and people get what they deserve C prejudice provides an outlet to blame others for one's problems D the presence of others can enhance or detract from one's ability to perform a task E a person in a crowd often has diminished self-restraint and self-awareness
C prejudice provides an outlet to blame others for one's problems
After spending hours in her kitchen preparing dinner, Rebecca no longer notices the strong smell of garlic until her guests arrive and mention the smell. Her failure to notice the smell of garlic illustrates A anosmia B synesthesia C sensory adaptation D subliminal perception E the just-noticeable difference
C sensory adaptation
Chuck asked Jane out on a date and he offered her two possible options—to see a movie or to go ice skating. Jane felt a bit stressed about making the decision because she liked both activities. Which of the following conflicts was Jane experiencing? A. Avoidance-avoidance B. Approach-avoidance C. Approach-approach D. Unconscious E. Interpersonal
C. Approach-Approach
Which of the following procedures is intended to control for preexisting differences between the groups of participants in an experiment? A. A double-blind design B. Random sampling C. Random assignment D. Employing a confederate E. Running one participant at a time
C. Random Assignment
A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person's reaction is most directly enabled by A the hypothalamus B the cerebellum C a spinal reflex D the hippocampus E the sensory cortex
C. a spinal reflex
Mathematics achievement scores from a group of tenth graders are shown above. The distribution is normal with a standard deviation of 10. Approximately what percentage of students scored between 50 and 80? (refer back to bell curve...) A 50% B 68% C 75% D 82% E 96%
D 82%
Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj's having developed which of the following for door opening? A Accommodation B Object permanence C Conservation D A mental set E Divergent thinking
D A mental set
Robert has a persistent fear of having a heart attack in public that has resulted in his not wanting to leave his house. Therefore, he severely limits the time he spends out in public. Robert's condition is most similar to which of the following disorders? A Social anxiety B Obsessive-compulsive C Generalized anxiety D Agoraphobia E Separation anxiety
D Agoraphobia
Many people who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder find their symptoms are reduced when they take a medication that alters their serotonin or norepinephrine levels. Their outcome supports which of the following approaches to depression? A Cognitive B Psychodynamic C Sociocultural D Biological E Behavioral
D Biological
Mary rarely expresses her opinions, needs, or desires. Whenever anyone asks for her opinion, she simply defers to the wishes of others. Which of the following personality disorders is most representative of Mary's behavior? A Obsessive-compulsive B Paranoid C Antisocial D Dependent E Narcissistic
D Dependent
Which of the following conditions most often results from having an extra copy of chromosome 21 ? A Tourette's disorder B Autism spectrum disorder C Parkinson's disease D Down syndrome E Phenylketonuria (PKU)
D Down syndrome
Chris believed he did well on his exam because he was lucky. Which psychological concept applies to Chris's explanation? A Positive psychology B Humanistic psychology C Internal locus of control D External locus of control E Self-serving bias
D External locus of control
While reviewing scores from a chapter test, a teacher discovered that the mean score was higher than the median. Which of the following statements is most likely correct? A The range of the set of scores is the difference between the mean and the median. B The standard deviation is equal to the mean. C The distribution of scores for the test is normal. D The distribution of scores for the test is positively skewed. E The distribution of scores is multimodal.
D The distribution of scores for the test is positively skewed.
The Big Five personality factors are based in which psychological perspective? A Behaviorism B Cognitive psychology C Neuropsychology D Trait psychology E Biopsychology
D Trait psychology
During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb's attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to A retroactive interference B proactive interference C source amnesia D encoding failure E retrieval failure
D encoding failure
According to research on motivation, employers are most likely to ensure high performance and job satisfaction from their workers if the employers A double the workers' wages B pay per hour rather than per quantity produced C throw a party at the end of each week D redesign jobs to increase workers' responsibility and flexibility E monitor workers and punish the ones who are lazy
D redesign jobs to increase workers' responsibility and flexibility
Tyler ate a cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant for dinner, and he was awake all night feeling sick. Now, just thinking about eating any fast food makes him feel nauseous, and he is certain that he will never want to eat it again. Tyler's aversion to fast food can best be explained by A shaping B extinction C spontaneous recovery D stimulus generalization E latent learning
D stimulus generalization
The validity of hypnosis as a treatment for psychiatric disorders is most directly threatened by A the disagreement between psychologists and psychiatrists about which disorders it should be used for B the perception that it is rooted in biological science rather than in psychological science C the difficulty of obtaining a license to practice D the lack of empirical support for its efficacy E the generally negative bias regarding its use
D the lack of empirical support for its efficacy
3 4 5 5 7 7 7 8 8 10 Ten participants in a treatment group were asked to rate their feelings of self worth on a scale of one to ten, with a value of ten indicating a very positive feeling of self-worth. The data for the participants are above. What is the mode for these data? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 E. 8
D. 7
A certain drug reduces the activity of the central nervous system, including the hippocampus and cerebellum. It affects several neurotransmitters, most notably gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Which of the following is most like the drug in question ? A. Methamphetamine B. Cocaine C. Caffeine D. Alcohol E. MDMA (Ecstasy)
D. Alcohol
The limbic system is most closely associated with A logic and reasoning B decision making C auditory comprehension D emotions E sensory sensitivity
D. emotions
People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion than are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that A a decrease in change blindness results from exposure to a carpentered world B a decrease in depth perception in illusions results from regular exposure to linear perspective C people in highly technological societies are generally less prone to visual illusions than are more primitive societies D people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives E people who are used to buildings with square corners are more likely to be affected by binocular depth cues
D. people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives
Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just her brain attempting to make sense of random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally's explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming? A Housekeeping B Feedback deprivation C Wish fulfillment D Cognitive problem-solving E Activation-synthesis
E Activation-synthesis
Which of the following types of therapy focuses on changing a behavior by changing maladaptive thinking? A Biological B Behavioral C Psychodynamic D Humanistic E Cognitive
E Cognitive
Homeostasis is most closely associated with which motivation theory? A Instinct theory B Incentive theory C Hierarchy of needs D Arousal theory E Drive-reduction theory
E Drive-reduction theory
