Psychology Final Exam

TRUE or FALSE: The purpose of a hypothesis is to predict the potential outcome of your research experiment.

True

When studying for a test, why is it better to deep process your notes rather than surface process?

You'll have a better ability to remember information.

What are similarities between the Rorschach inkblots and the TAT test?

Your interpretations give insights into your personality.

What is one of the Big Five Trait?

conscientiousness

Transduction allows your body to experience its senses by _____.

converting the sensory messages into neurals

Which are the two most common disorders in the United States?

depression and anxiety

Christina is energized by being around people. Which Big Five trait describes this?

extraversion

Infants who are not cared for, loved, or stimulated are susceptible to what condition?

failure to thrive

Which are possible reactions to stress?

feeling moody or aggressive, noticing your heart racing, picking fights, and frequently bursting into tears

Brian grew into adulthood with the goal to have a family that didn't use violence to solve problems. Some people said it was in his genes to naturally get angry, but Brian learned to control it. He chooses to use his words to express his displeasure instead. Which theory describes Brian's choice to not use violence?

free will

Dirk plays his best when his parents come to watch him play in the school basketball games. When his parents or coach aren't around, he's goofing off. This is an example of social facilitation, which means that when Dirk knows he's being watched, _____.

he's more likely to work harder

What are the risks of sleep deprivation?

headaches, dizziness, or depression

Zimbardo's prison experiment shows us that _____.

it's possible for people to act horribly in evil situations

Kitty Genovese was stabbed to death while neighbors saw what was happening. Nobody stepped forward to help her. What new term did psychologists create because of this event?

the bystander effect

Personality tests are useful because _____.

they give you insights about yourself

Helen bit into some imported dark chocolate from Germany. It was incredibly bitter to the taste. What allowed Helen's brain to register the bitter flavor of the dark chocolate?

transduction occurring from the taste buds

The process of learning new information is very complex. In order to learn, what must be involved?

using neurons and axons, awareness (either formal or informal), and communication (to others or self)

When is a teenager most likely to be a social loafer?

when no single person in a group is being watched in a group assignment

Esme is waiting until the last minute to pack for the family campout. She wasn't excited to ride for five hours in a car with six other people. She tried to get out of the trip by prolonging her packing. She even tried to create extra homework for herself so she'd have to stay home. Esme wanted any excuse to get out of the campout. What type of goal orientation does Esme display toward packing for the family campout?

work-avoidant goal

TRUE or FALSE: The critical period is an important time of development in humans.

True

What is NOT a similarity between symbolic and analogical representations?

Both involve symbolism.

During which of Erikson's stages does a person search for identity amid role confusion?

Stage 5: adolescence

What is the mean (average) of 3, 7, 8, 21, 11?

10

Which situation does not demonstrate an ulterior motive?

All are examples of ulterior motives.

Which statement is NOT accurate regarding behaviorism and cognitive psychology?

Behaviorists intend to consider thoughts but often forget to ask subjects what they think.

The Scientific Method: _____. (2 choices) A. prevents false information from circulating by always finding the truth B. allows people to collect opinions and make personal assumptions C. allows people to make new discoveries through orderly research D. allows people to conduct orderly research that doesn't need consent E. allows people to separate fact from fiction

C & E

Children throughout the world learn to speak their first words, which happen to be similar to each other. Why?

Children's first sounds are similar in all cultures.

How do future expectations of education relate to college?

Choose classes that are at your skill level.

What is NOT true about the sleep cycle?

Deep sleep occurs in the first two stages of sleep.

How can you practically use classical conditioning?

Dieters can learn their hunger cues and associations with eating, People can train pets to not jump on the table, and people can housetrain a dog.

What is the difference between informal and formal learning?

Each method of learning has a different amount of structure.

TRUE or FALSE: Humanists felt strongly that people should be compared to animals to further our understanding of psychology.

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE: Obedience requires you to follow all laws and rules.

False

According to the _____ of motivation, human behavior is purposeful.

Goal Theory

Which statement about informed consent is false?

It's actually not a necessary step for all experiments.

What does Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment demonstrate?

Kids are easily influenced by aggressive actions.

What is the major difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Only psychiatrists can give medicine to clients.

Why do our minds fill in the gaps for information we don't know? (Hint: remember what you learned about Gestalt psychology.)

The human mind naturally seeks order and patterns to find answers.

What contributes to people being obedient to rules?

The rules are established by a person who has authority.

What is true about the debate of free will vs. determinism?

Today's psychologists believe in a combination of both theories.

Lori didn't want to learn the piano and thought her mom was wasting money on lessons. Lori didn't like practicing and saw no future purpose for learning the piano since she wasn't going to grow up to be a pianist. What is Lori expressing?

a negative value reaction

What do the five axes of the DSM-IV represent?

all major categories that a mental heath professional will use to assess a person

A normally functioning endocrine system will _____.

allow sexual maturation in teens, regulate hormones in all people, and allow teens to grow to an adult height

Suki is auditioning for a role in a TV commercial. She is very nervous but has been repeating her lines over and over so she won't forget. Suki is also visualizing herself giving her audition lines. Suki's preparation and visualizations _____.

are a way to cope with stress

How does your brain communicate with the rest of your body?

by sending signals through cells called neurons

The latest rock band's CD is released on Tuesday, and Kamish waits in line for thirty minutes to purchase the music. She just had to have it the day the music came out. All of her friends were buying the CD on the same day too. Which term describes Kamish's desire to have the same music as her friends?

conformity

Memories are "context-dependent." This means _____.

memories are often attached to a surrounding or situation

Dr. Spalding prefers to study African elephants in their natural environment. He says it's the best way to observe family interactions of male and female elephants and their young. What type of qualitative research method is best to use? observational

observational

Identify characteristics of objective personality tests.

paper-and-pencil, questions about behavior, potentially biased answers, and self-report

The field of psychology has passed through many stages of theories. Identify the stages in order of earliest to latest theory.

psychophysics, behaviorism, humanistic, cognition