psychology final exam

a large study found that ___% of American teens suffer from some degree of hearing loss

20

four year old Ryan has an IQ of 125. his mental age is therefore

5

intellectual disability is defined as an IQ below

70

approximately 95% of the human population has an IQ score between __ and ___

70; 130

___ is associated with a theory of intelligence proposing seven or more difficult forms of intelligence

Gardner

The visual cliff was used by _____ to study _____.

Gibson and Walk; depth perception

the nature and nurture issue concerns the degree to which certain areas of development involve

Heredity and the environment

____ is the tendency fir bodies to maintain constant states through internal controls

Homeostasis

a stimuli that automatically provokes a responses is known as

Unconditioned stimuli

in freud's psychoanalytic theory of dreams, the actual dream that a person has the "nigh- movie' that they can remember experiencing after they wake up - refers to the ___ content of the dream, while the ___ content refers to its hidden meaning

Unconscious: latent

learning is defined as

a relatively enduring change in behavior or thinking resulting from experience.

according to Abraham Maslow, a major prerequisite for becoming self actualized is having

all of ones lower order needs fulfilled

Elsa tells her new therapist that she has been prescribes Xanax for the pas 5 years. based on that information, what might the therapist suspect Elsa is suffering from?

an anxiety disorder

to diagnose a possible brain injury using ___ Dr. Garcia places electrodes on the patients scalp to record electrical activity.

an electroencephalogram (EEG)

a perception that is inconsistent with sensory data is called

an illusion

according to Robert Stemberg, intelligence refers to an individuals capacity to solve problems

analytic

Dana is suffering from _____ amnesia when she fails to remember events that came before her traumatic brain injury.

anterograde

someone who cant form new memories after damage or injury to the brain is suffering from ___ amnesia

anterograde

though his memory was damaged in a number of ways due to the surgical removal of hippocampus, H.M's most striking impairment was profound;

anterograde amnesia

research designed to answer specific questions that address real word problems such as developing and evaluating treatment protocols for various psychological disorders is known as ___ research

applied

the goal of ____ research is to find soultions to specific problems

applied

which term describes consciousness, as psychologist define it?

awareness

memory refers to

brain processes involved in the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

for psychologists the term creativity means the ability to

construct valuable results in innovative ways

Edna has been told she has end-stage cancer and that she only has a few months to live. According to Kübler-Ross, the FIRST stage of grief that Edna will experience is:

denial

researcher uses the visual cliff experiment to determine whether ___ is Innate or learned in infants

depth perception

using the scientific method a research must ____ before they can ___

develop a question; develop a hypothesis

the naturally produced opioids that regulate the secretion of other nuerotransmitters are called

endorphins

the largest organ in the body is the

epidermis

the fields of ___ explores how the environment affects the expression of genetic attributes

epigenetic

long term memories that we are consciously aware are known as __ memories

explicit

a university professor told her class that several essay questions on the upcoming exam will be based on the "special feature" boxes in the textbook chapters. the professor is relying on the students drive to be reinforced with a high exam grade by reading additional text boxes. therefore the professor is using ___ motivation

extrinsic

Ivan Pavlov investigated how organisms:

form associations between stimuli

the left eye receives visual information that is processed in the

fright hemisphere

higher level thinking is primarily the responsibility of the ___ lobe

frontal

a synapse is a

gap

Dr. Patel is a ___ psychologist who studies sensation and perception. his guiding principle is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

gestalt

___ is a form of learning in which an organism does not respond as strongly or often to an event following multiple exposures to it

habituation

the scientific method

helps to minimize the impact of human errors in thinking

Abraham Maslow is associated with __ theory of motivation

hierarchy of needs

although Clive Wearing had difficulty remembering much of his past and couldn't form new memories he was still able to conduct a group of his fellow musicians when given the opportunity. this indicates that despite his severe retrograde and anterograde amnesia his ___ memory was still somewhat intact

implicit

Konrad Lorenz conducted studies of

imprinting among goslings

Cindy selects a sample of college students. using the technique, Cindy finds a relationship between the students score on an impulsivity scale and their scores on a measure of problem drinking. Cindy wishes to predict the likelihood that a new sample will show the same relationship. she therefore computes___ statistics.

inferential

basic emotions are those that are

innate

complex behaviors that are innate, fixed and universal within a species are called

instincts

psychologist define ___ as the capacity to solve problems, adapt to the environment and learn from the experience

intelligence

the most commonly used (and abused) depressant;

is alcohol

according to Sigmund feud, ___ content is the hidden meaning of a dream and represents unconscious conflicts and desires

latent

during adolescence, the development of the ___ is faster than that of the ____, which often results in poor judgment and decisions making

limbic system; prefrontal cortex

Laney is investigating early language acquisition. She selects a group of 6-month-old babies, and then assesses them every 3 months until they are 2 years old. Laney is using a _____ research design.

longitudinal

the ___ of the numbers 1,2,3,19 and 37 is 3

median

Jose has been addicted to ___ for over two years and the drugs has altered his appearance, making him lose weight and causing him to look as though he has aged significantly

methamphetamine

late in his career, Howard Gardner identified an eight type of intelligence known as __ intelligence, this is a type of intelligence that primarily refers to the capacity to categorize objects according to salient similarities and differences among them

naturalistic?

following surgery Christina's Brian reogranized itself and established are connections. Christinas Brian demonstrated

neuroplasticity

a stimuli that does not initially evoke a response is known as

neutral stimulus

classical conditioning occurs when a ___ stimulus is associated with an __ stimulus, leading to an involuntary response

neutral: unconditioned

cocaine sometimes produces extreme alertness and an exaggerated awareness of environmental stimuli. this is because one of its effects is to enhance the activity of the neurotransmitters that help prepare the body for stressful situations namely:

norepinephrine

the strength of a relationship is indicated by the __ of the correlation coefficient

numeral value

the recognition that objects no longer seen are in reality still there is known as

object permanence

Absalom receives a new " make your own marker" set for his birthday and his mother tells him to wait to use it until she can help him. he disobeys her and gets ink all over his bedroom carpet. Absalom is then punished with a 30 minute time out and he loses his marker maker kit. Absalom's mother is teaching him through the process of

operant conditioning

a synthetic painkiller such as methadone is classified as

opioid

when psychologists explain behavior they:

organize and make sense of research findings

___ is the process of organizing and assigning meaning to incoming information

perception

while trying to follow a group conversation, people use the ___ component of working memory

phonological loop

Edgar is in his 60s and he's noticed that his eyesight isn't as good. after seeing his eye doctor he is given a prescription for some new glasses. the gradual deterioration in Edgars eyesight is an example of

physical development

when a desirable stimulus is removed following a behavior, has occurred

positive reinforcement

according to Sternberg"s theory intelligence drives one ability to adjust to different environments

practical

anticipating future outcomes or behaviors is at the heart of psychology's goal of:

prediction

which two goals are included in the dour goals of psychology?

prediction and change

psychoactive drugs are substances that

produce changes in though, feelings and behavior

the ___ approach uses methods of collecting in-depth information to characterize phenomena from a subjective perspective

qualitative

___ occurs when the sensory organs stimuli

reception

a multiple- choice exam is an example of an exercise in the process of

recognition

" it gives me a different score each time I take it" complains Tyler turning away from the online IQ test he finished. Tyler is complaining about the test's

reliability

publishing an article is a crucial step in the scientific process because it allow other research to ____ , which might mean repeating it with other participants or alerting some of the procedures.

replicate an experiment

which concept is matched with the correct definitions?

scientific method- the process scientists use to conduct research

in the context of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, ____ is the need to reach ones fullest potential

self-actualization

the first stage in the information processing model of memory is __ memory, whereas the last stage is __ memory

sensory; long term

the final step in the scientific method is

sharing the finds

which historical figure proposed the wish fulfillment theory of dreaming

sigmund freud

motivation is defined as an

stimulus or force that can direct behavior thoughts and emotion

ashlynne's adrenal glands are currently, very active and are releasing hormones. she is probably

stressed

Makayla circles " strongly disagree" next to an item on a questionnaire. she is participating in an

survey

___- are envioremntal agents that can damage a zygote, embryo or fetus

teratogens

why is neural communication sometimes described as an "electrochemical" process?

the actions potential is chemical, and transmission across the synapse is chemical

which research technique relies on the in-depth examination of an individual or small group?

the case study

the case of H.M illustrates that crucial role that the hippocampus plays in the role of

the formation of explicit memories

who was particularly interested in examining consciousness and "atoms" of the mind

titchener

Since a bright light causes one to blink reflexively it is an

unconditioned stimulus

research with the goal of gathering knowledge for the sake of knowledge is called ____ research

basic

Boris got a new car last week, and for a few days was very excited about it. now he is pleased but no longer as excited as he was. Boris has __- the new car

become habituated to

Akira has declared psychology as his major. he will be studying:

behavior and mental processes

psychology is the science of

behavior and mental processes

psychology is the scientific study of:

behavior and mental processes

dr. Siri a behavioral geneticist is interested in the intricate interplay of heredity and hormonal factors and how they affect an individual's personality in particular cultural contexts. Dr. Siri is using the ____ perspective

biopsychosocial

a neuropsychologist publishes an article outlining the amygdalae's role in the perception of emotional expression and body language. the supporting data in the article is based on her intensive study of a middle aged man with damage to the amygdala. the neuropsychologist has published a ____ study

case

the "little Brain" that is responsible for muscles coordination and balance is the ___

cerebellum

when we associated two different stimuli we are learning through the process of

classical conditioning

___ psychology underlies the study of consciousness

cognitive

sensory adaption allows us to focus on change in the environment , which is useful skill for our survival. this statement supports the __ perspective

cognitive