psychology of human development chapter 9.

Practical

-or contextual component Varies according to the sociocultural context in which it is displayed

Sternberg's triachic theory of intelligence - intelligence arises from a combination of three components.

-practical intelligence -Analytic intelligence -creativity intelligence

Information

-processing skills that are assessed by traditional IQ tests

Analytic intelligence

-selecting mental processes that will lead to success; thinking critically and analytically which includes; • Planning • Evaluating • Analyzing • Monitoring • Comparing and contrasting • Filtering information

Sternberg proposed a Triarchic theory of intelligence - three components that jointly contribute to intelligent behavior

1) Practical -or contextual component Varies according to the sociocultural context in which it is displayed 2) Creative component includes Response to novelty, which requires active and conscious information processing Automization, or increased efficiency of information processing with practice 3) Analytic component Information-processing skills that are assessed by traditional IQ tests

normal distrubution of the I.Q. score

bell shaped curve

The Adolescent Brain development in early adolescence

enables formal operations, improved memory and information-processing skills, and better performance on IQ tests. -IQ scores become more stable and predict IQ in middle age -In childhood and adolescence, IQ scores are a good predictor of school achievement

Fluency of ideas

generating a variety of ideas or solutions when there is no single correct answer

Creative component

includes Response to novelty, which requires active and conscious information processing Automization, or- increased efficiency of information processing with practice

Environment (HOME)

inventory to assess the intellectual stimulation of children's home environment

Creativity

involves divergent thinking. Creativity- Emergence, Adolescent, Fostering Creativity, increase creativity

Intellectual disability

is defined as significantly below-level average intellectual functioning with limitations in areas of adaptive behavior such as self-care and social skills, originating before age 18 - - is the product of the interaction between person and environment and is influenced by the type and level of support the individual receives

practical intelligence

or street smart, means successfully solving problems that are aspires in your everyday life, this includes; • adapting to environment you are in • selecting environment in which you can succeed • shaping your environment to fit your strengths.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory

theory to include what he calls the theory of successful intelligence - people are intelligent to the extent that they are able to succeed in life in their sociocultural context.

Bayley Scales of Infant Development - the most widely used infant test

-Motor scale -Mental scale -Behavior rating scale

definitions of intellige

-Permitted testers to describe a child's mental age, the level of age-graded problems a child could solve

* Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence - know the 8 distinct intellectual abilities

- Linguistic - language skills - Logical-mathematical - abstract thinking and problem-solving - Musical - acute sensitivity to sound patterns - Spatial - accurate perception - Bodily-kinesthetic - skillful use of the body to create, perform, etc - Interpersonal - social intelligence and skill, sensitivity to the motivations and moods of others - Interpersonal - understanding of one's own feelings and inner life - Naturalist - expertise in the natural world of plants and animals

The Adult - Changes in IQ with Age

-Declines in intellectual abilities are not universal Among the 81-year-olds, -only 30-40% had experienced significant decline in the previous 7 years Few 81-year-olds maintained mental abilities, but almost all retained at least one ability and almost half retained four of five abilities -;Summary: the range of differences in intellectual functioning among older adults is extremely large

Flynn effect

- during the 20th century, in all countries studied, average IQ scores increased by 3 to 4 points per decade

Causes of intellectual disability

-"Organic" conditions •Biological causes associated with hereditary factors, diseases, or injuries•Prenatal risk factors such as maternal alcohol use -No identifiable organic cause •Combination of genetic and environmental factors

I.Q. scoring ration and average test score.

-Allowed the calculation of intelligence quotient: a child's mental age (MA) ÷ a child's chronological age (CA) = IQ-An IQ of 100 indicates average intelligence. (consistent for all ages.) - normal distubution -

Early version of IQ test was developed by Binet and Simonnce

According to the psychometric approach to intelligence, intelligence is made up of traits that vary and can be measured - Spearman (g) and (s)- Fluid and Crystallized intelligence

creativity intelligence

Effectively dealing with novel problems and automating responses to familiar problems. Including • Creating • Inventing • Discovering • Imagining

factors that influence I.Q. test scores.

Genes and Environmental influences. is what effects our I.Q. scores.

when do I.Q. scores for childhood and adolescence.

IQ scores are a good predictor of school achievement.

Analytic component

Information-processing skills that are assessed by traditional IQ tests

The Extremes of Intelligence Giftedness

The current definition involves having a high IQ or showing special abilities in areas valued by society, such as mathematics, leadership, or the performing or visual arts Giftedness, - is usually apparent by toddlerhood