Psychology Part 4: Altruism
Threat to Self-Esteem Model
A model explaining the reactions of victims to receiving help suggesting that they might refuse help because accepting it is a threat to their self-esteem.
Step 3 Helping Emergencies
Assuming the responsibility to help
Belief in a Just World - others
Believing that the world is just (i.e. fair) for others leads to harsher attitudes towards the poor.
Belief in a Just World - self
Believing that the world is just (i.e. fair) for the self leads to greater life satisfaction.
high need, asking a stranger, and easy task
Factors that influence the likeliness to ask for help
Altruism
Helping behavior motivated purely by the desire to do something good for someone else and not the anticipation of personal benefit
personality factors interacts with a situation to determine if one helps or not
Interactionist View of Altruism
Stage 2 Helping Emergencies
Labeling the situation as an emergency
Selfish Personality
Motivated to get something in return without helping.
Receptive Giving Personality
Motivated to help and to get something in return
Altruistic Personality
Motivated to help others but not to receive help in return.
Controllability
People are more likely to help when the __________of the situation is low.
More
People who experience an event that puts them in a negative mood are____ likely to help than people who don't experience such an event.
More
People who experience an event that puts them in a positive mood are ______ likely to help than people who don't experience such an event.
The Bystander Effect
The phenomenon that helping behavior is less likely to occur as the number of witnesses to an emergency increases.
Evolutionary Perspective on Altruism
altruism in human beings is dead we all have a reason for helping
Empathy vs. Personal Distress
are people doing something to reduce their personal distress or to reduce the empathy they feel for others
Stage 4 Helping Emergencies: Deciding How To Help
decisions to help are more likely if people perceive themselves as competent, and capable of helping.
Stage 1 Helping Emergencies
noticing the situation
The Good Samaritan Study
students watched a parable on the good Samaritan and were asked to discuss what they learned after they went outside and walked past a hunched over man the man rated how much help he received 1-4
People may be reluctant to seek help because of the social stigma associated with needing help
What normally happens when people seek help?
The Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
An explanation of helping behavior that suggests that empathy leads to altruism.
Stage 5 Helping Emergencies
Implementing the decision to help;More likely if the costs of helping are low; More likely if the victim is perceived as deserving of help
Personal Distress-Relief Model
The ultimate reason for all helping behavior is that it relieves personal distress. There is no such thing as altruism.
Make sure the bystander takes responsibility and realizes that it is an emergency
what are ways in which you are more likely to receive help in an emergency?
