Psychology Practice Test

D. acting as a filter to direct our attention towards some information and away from other information

. One way that schemas influence social thought is by ________. A. ensuring that inconsistent information is stored in our memories and retrieved rapidly B. activating more information from our long term memory stores, which increases our cognitive load C. activating the availability heuristic and enabling automatic priming D. acting as a filter to direct our attention towards some information and away from other information

B. social cognition

13. The process during which people interpret, analyze, remember, and use information about the social world is known as ________. A. encoding B. social cognition C. schemas D. heuristics

B. changes in the two variables are related to one another

A correlation exists between two variables when ________. A. changing one variable has no effect on the other variable B. changes in the two variables are related to one another C. the two variables are positively related — as one increases, the other decreases D. changing one variable sometimes causes the other to change, but sometimes does not

A. consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness

According to Kelley, people focus on three sources of information to make attributions about internal and external causes. These include _________. A. consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness B. consistency, distinctiveness, and homogeneity C. distinctiveness, homogeneity, and consensus D. homogeneity, consensus, and consistency

B. maintaining eye contact, but not controlling a facial expression

An example of interchannel discrepancy during deception would be ________. A. blinking very often and rubbing both eyes B. maintaining eye contact, but not controlling a facial expression C. showing one expression quickly followed by another D. smiling more frequently and broadly than would be expected in a given situation

D. emblems

Body movements that carry specific meanings in a given culture are known as ________. A. macroexpressions B. microexpressions C. slogans D. emblems

B. traits that strongly influence the way we interpret other aspects of another person

Early research conducted by Solomon Asch suggests the presence of central traits, which are ________. A. relatively unimportant characteristics that interact with each other to determine our overall impression of another person B. traits that strongly influence the way we interpret other aspects of another person C. clusters of traits that we use to try to understand and explain the behavior of another person D. traits that strongly encourage the self-serving bias

A. information overload

High levels of stress and multiple, competing demands for attention and abilities can reduce mental processing capacity. These situations can lead to ________. A. information overload B. schema development C. the representativeness heuristic D. cognitive withdrawal

D. dependent variable

In experimental research, one variable is measured. This variable is known as the ________. A. independent variable B. confoundingvariable C. experimental variable D. dependent variable

C. Theory of Correspondent Inference

In the ________ another person's behavior is observed to determine the specific, stable traits that they possess. A. Theory of Casual Attributions B. Correspondence Bias Theory C. Theory of Correspondent Inference D. Attribution Error Principle

A. the mood congruence effect

Information that is consistent with current affective state is more easily retrieved than is information that is inconsistent with current affect. This is known as ________. A. the mood congruence effect B. affective state determined retrieval C. affect-cognition feedback D. the Ebbinghaus effect

D. the representativeness heuristic

Judging individuals based on their similarity to typical members of a group is known as ________. A. the availability heuristic B. theautomaticpriming C. the anchoring heuristic D. the representativeness heuristic

C. makes compelling assumptions that are not completely rational

Magical thinking ________. A. makes rational assumptions appear to be compelling B. is the end result of using heuristics C. makes compelling assumptions that are not completely rational D. can be caused by inappropriate priming

C. social perception

Nonverbal communication, attribution, and impression formation and management form the three aspects of _________. A. social congruity B. social dissonance C. social perception D. social communication

D. make disappointments and tragedies more bearable

One adaptive purpose served by counterfactual thinking is to ________. A. decrease the positive affect associated with success B. postulate "what if" scenarios to aid in committing the planning fallacy C. increase the negative affect associated with failure D. make disappointments and tragedies more bearable

A. rapidly

One of the primary reasons heuristics are employed as a strategy to process incoming information is that they can be executed ________. A. rapidly B. with considerable self-reflection C. effortfully D. slowly

B. self-enhancement; other-enhancement

People use a number of different techniques to try and manage the impression they make on others. These techniques generally fall into one of two broad categories: ________ and ________. A. social formation; impression perception B. self-enhancement; other-enhancement C. self-enhancement; other-detraction D. self-abasement; other enhancement

A. the actor-observer effect

People's tendency to believe that their own behavior reflects external or situational causes and that other people's behavior reflects internal causes is known as ________. A. the actor-observer effect B. explicittheoryformation C. the fundamental attribution error D. the correspondence bias

B. a microexpression

Sara borrows a new dress from her roommate without asking. When Sara enters the room wearing the dress, she asks her roommate if she can wear it tonight. Without hesitation, the roommate responds by saying, "Yes. Of course." Before she spoke, however, a slight frown appeared on her face for less than a second. This might indicate that the roommate is concealing her true feelings from Sara. This is known as ________. A. a macroexpression B. a microexpression C. a Freudian slip D. a discounted attribution

A. heuristics

Simple rules for making complex decisions or drawing inferences are known as ________. A. heuristics B. automaticity C. anchoring and adjustment D. schemas

A. behavior; thought

Social psychologists are primarily interested in understanding the many factors and conditions that shape the social ________ and ________ of individuals. A. behavior; thought B. behavior; planning C. emotion;cognition D. thought; judgment

A. human behavior is influenced by the actions of other individuals in social situations

Social psychologists focus their attention primarily on individuals because _______. A. human behavior is influenced by the actions of other individuals in social situations B. the behavior of groups is too difficult to study in laboratory conditions C. cultural differences have a strong effect on the behavior of groups but only a weak effect on individuals D. society doesn't have much influence over how individuals should behave in most situations

B. accuracy, objectivity, skepticism, and open-mindedness

Social psychology accepts ________ as core scientific values. A. accuracy, objectivity, statistical support, and open-mindedness B. accuracy, objectivity, skepticism, and open-mindedness C. objectivity, theoretical coherence, open-mindedness, and skepticism D. theoretical coherence, a participant-observer approach, a client-centered stance, and skepticism

C. the amygdala

The area of the brain that is most clearly involved in automatic evaluations is ________. A. the medial prefrontal cortex B. the hypothalamus C. the amygdala D. the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

B. explanation

The basic goal of any theory is ________. A. empiricism B. explanation C. demonstration D. observation

C. evolutionary psychology

The branch of psychology that seeks to examine the potential role of genetic factors in different aspects of human behavior is known as ________. A. psychology of perception B. cultural psychology C. evolutionary psychology D. social psychology

C. slime effect

The new student played up to the teacher and treated other students with disrespect. According to Vonk, this student has formed a negative impression with peers known as the ________. A. ingratiatingeffect B. superiorityeffect C. slime effect D. social climbing effect

D. sampling

The people who complete a survey must be representative of the population about which conclusions are to be drawn. This is known as the issue of ________. A. representation B. margin of error C. diversity D. sampling

D. obtaining informed consent

The process of giving participants as much information as possible about experimental procedures to be used before the participants agree to participate is known as ________. A. providing thorough debriefing B. avoiding deception in research C. meetingethicalguidelines D. obtaining informed consent

B. cultural beliefs and norms

The social rules concerning how individuals should behave in specific situations are known as ________. A. mores B. cultural beliefs and norms C. social values D. cognitive factors

B. the amount of mental effort people expend at a given time

The term "cognitive load" refers to ________. A. the strength displayed by a schema in activating memories B. the amount of mental effort people expend at a given time C. the relatively rational and orderly process used in making social cognitions D. the number of heuristics we are using at a given time

A. touching, eye contact, body movements, and facial expressions D. facial expressions, eye contact, body movements, and touching

There are four basic channels of nonverbal communications. These are ________. A. touching, eye contact, body movements, and facial expressions B. body movements, facial expressions, attributions, and vocal tone C. body movements, facial expressions, eye contact, and attributions D. facial expressions, eye contact, body movements, and touching

D. the availability heuristic

Things that are easier to recall tend to have a greater impact on subsequent judgments and decisions. This fact is known as ________. A. automatic priming B. the base rate heuristic C. evaluative thinking D. the availability heuristic

B. modifying the theory and collecting additional data

When research results are not consistent with a theory, the researcher's next step usually involves _______. A. replacing the theory with a different one B. modifying the theory and collecting additional data C. modifying the results to be consistent with the theory D. shifting to a different paradigm or model

A. Implicit

________ processes represent those factors and processes which influence thought, feelings or behaviors and of which we are either not aware or only dimly aware. A. Implicit B. Explicit C. Neural D. Common sense