psychology study guide 1,2,3
The _____ believed that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose
functionalists
Which of the following is NOT a major area of interest in the positive psychology movement?
positive life events
Which of the following statements concerning anecdotal evidence is FALSE
Anecdotal evidence rarely influences a person's opinion or behavior.
A strict behaviorist would view nature as more important than nurture in determining an individual's observable responses to a given stimulus
False
A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is called a theory
False
Drugs that target the neurotransmitter GABA are often used to treat Alzheimer's disease.
False
Fraternal twins share more genetic kinship than identical twins
False
Functionalists relied heavily on the method of introspection to understand the nature and function of conscious processes.
False
Genes are composed of millions of strands of chromosomes
False
In an experiment, the control group consists of the subjects who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable.
False
The fifth and final step in conducting scientific research is to analyze the data and draw conclusions
False
According to Wilhelm Wundt, psychology's primary focus should be the scientific study of mental processes.
True
One of the main criticisms raised concerning both behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory is that these views are dehumanizing.
True
Self-report methods are useful in psychology, but can be problematic due to the tendency for people to give socially appropriate answers
True
The best way to reduce the risk of experimenter bias is to use a double-blind research procedure.
True
The brain structure responsible for relaying sensory information to various locations in the brain is the thalamus
True
The cerebellum is involved in the coordination of movement and physical balance.
True
The parietal lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex which is related to the sense of touch
True
Until the 1950s and 1960s the dominance of behaviorism discouraged the study of mental processes in psychology.
True
The notion that the subject matter of psychology should be the scientific study of conscious experience is MOST closely linked with
Wilhelm Wundt
The abstract of a journal article provides
a concise summary of the entire article.
The primary reason for the ethical dilemmas psychologists encounter regarding the use of deception in research reflects concerns
about the possibility of inflicting harm on human subjects
Which section of a journal article involving psychological research provides a brief summary of the research project?
abstract
The rewarding effects of electrical stimulation of the brain seem to be mediated by
activation of dopamine-releasing neurons
Sensory information is carried from your eyes to your brain by way of
afferent fibers
Which of the following is an example of an independent variable that can be manipulated
amount of exposure to caffeine
Lisa taught her son to buckle his seat belt in the car by only allowing him to play one of his tapes on the car stereo after he was buckled up. Lisa taught him by applying the principles of
behaviorism
Schizophrenia may be related to abnormalities in neurotransmitter activity, structural defects in the brain, and genetic vulnerabilities. These observations MOST directly relate to the text's unifying theme that
behavior is determined by multiple causes
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of
behavior.
Which of the following is NOT a structure of the hindbrain?
cerebrum
Operational definitions are MOST closely associated with which major advantage of the scientific approach?
clarity and precision
Which pair of terms reflects the observation that "psychology returned to its roots" in the latter part of the 20th century?
cognitive perspective and biological perspective
In experimental research, subjects that do not receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable are the
control group
Scientific theories are MOST directly associated with which goal of science
understanding and prediction
The part of the neuron that has branched extensions that are specialized to receive information are the
dendrites
A researcher wants to see if a protein-enriched diet will enhance the maze-running performance of rats. One group of rats is fed the high-protein diet for the duration of the study; the other group continues to receive ordinary rat chow. In this experiment, the rats' maze-running performance is the
dependent variable
Which of the following areas of specializations in psychology is involved with the development of curricula and the training of teachers?
educational psychology
Results from family, twin, and adoption studies strongly suggest that
genetics and experience jointly influence human behavior.
One of the disadvantages of the experimental method is
he artificial, contrived situations in which experiments are often conducted
Insulation is to hot water pipes as the _____ is to an axon
myelin sheath
The groundbreaking research on critical periods in neural development was conducted in the 1960s on which of the following subjects?
newborn kittens
When an object is placed unseen in the left hand of a person who has had split-brain surgery, the person will
not be able to describe it
Dr. Redding has found a correlation of +0.65 between snoring and weight. This indicates that
overweight individuals tend to snore more than underweight individuals.
The "master gland" of the endocrine system is the
pituitary gland
Which of the following BEST describes the unifying theme that "psychology evolves in a socio-historical context"
psychology and society both influence each other
Generally speaking, the presynaptic receptor refers to the receptor located on the neuron that _____ the neurotransmitter, whereas the postsynaptic receptor refers to the receptor located on the neuron that _____ a neurotransmitter
releases, receives
The space between a terminal button and a dendrite is referred to as the
synaptic cleft
Theodore suffered a stroke recently, and now he finds he constantly hears a buzzing sound in his ears. In this case, it is likely that the stroke occurred in Theodore's
temporal lobe
A psychologist who specializes in psychometrics is MOST likely to be interested in
the development of psychological tests to measure intelligence or personality traits
The primary reason descriptive/correlational research cannot determine conclusively that variables have a cause-and-effect relationship is because in conducting research
the researcher cannot control events or manipulate variables
If A and B are highly correlated, which statement MOST accurately describes the relationship between A and B
the score on A can be used to predict the score on B
