Psychology Test: Unit 1
How has Sigmund Freud influenced popular culture's portrayal of psychology?
Most people expect a psychologist's office to feature a couch
The primary difference between psychologists and psychiatrists is that-
Psychologists are PhD's and use therapy; psychiatrists are MD's and can prescribe medicine
Abraham Maslow argued that a person's psychological well-being depended on-
Satisfaction of needs
Freud argued that the dominant desires in the mind were those relating to
Sex and aggression
Which of these theories is associated with the idea that Psychology is a pure science that can be studied experimentally and that there is no meaningful difference between human and animal behavior?
Behaviorist approach
In order to treat clients independently or teach psychology at the college level, it is necessary to -
Earn a doctoral degree in psychology
Rene Descartes is a notable example of the historical period known as the
Enlightenment
The Humanistic Perspective in psychology is an extension of Humanist philosophy, which was influenced by figures from the Renaissance such as
Erasmus
Stanley Hall is largely ignored by modern psychology because of his outspoken support for-
Eugenics
Which of these theories is based on the idea that thoughts and behaviors are influenced by genetic factors and have changed over time to increase survivability of the human species?
Evolutionary approach
Sigmund Freud was of Jewish ancestry, a fact that became important to his life story when
He was forced to flee the advance of the Nazis into Austria and was exiled to London
Stanley Hall was one of the most significant early psychologists. Among his achievements-
He was one of the first people to obtain a PhD in psychology
Conditioned dogs to drool at the sound of a bell
Ivan Pavlov
Conditioned Little Albert to be afraid of rabbits, dogs, and even fur coats
John Watson
The founder of psychology 140 years ago was-
Wilhelm Wundt
a counselor is someone who
has a master's degree and a state license; they can provide therapy but must be supervised
The largest single subfield of psychology is made up of those who specialize in therapy
clinical psychology
Wilhelm Wundt should most be associated with the theory / perspective of-
structuralism
Psychology is best described as-
the scientific study of thought and behavior
A school psychologist
Addresses psychological issues -- emotional problems, at-risk behaviors, learning disabilities -- in a school setting
The APA is the leading professional organization of psychologists these initials stand for -
American Psychological Association
A Freudian psychologist is most likely to
Ask patients to describe their dreams and private thoughts
Conditioned pigeons to read and play ping-pong
B.F. Skinner
Conditioning is accomplished through the use of reinforcements (rewards)
B.F. Skinner
European culture had changed in many ways by the time of the Middle Ages (500-1500 AD). One of the most notable changes was the rise of ____________ as the dominant force in European society
Christianity
Conditioning is accomplished through repetition of a desired stimulus-response behavior
Classical Conditioning
Carl Rogers developed the humanistic approach to treatment emphasizing the individuality of each individual-
Client-Centered Approach
The study of psychology should focus on understanding how people learn and think differently
Cognitive approach
According to the beliefs of the Middle Ages, human destiny was determined by-
Faith and the person's relationship with God
According to the mythology of the Ancient Greeks, human destiny was determined by-
Fate and the enjoyment of the gods
The branch of psychology that deals with criminal behavior
Forensic psychology
The study of psychology should focus on understanding mental processes, especially ideas, feelings, and urges centered in the unconscious mind.
Freudian approach
Which of these theories is associated with the idea that thoughts and behaviors can be understood by determining the purpose that they serve in the mind of the person?
Functionalism
William James should most be associated with the theory / perspective of-
Functionalism
The study of psychology should focus on understanding how people perceive situations and events differently.
Gestalt approach
Which of these theories is most applied to the study of perception and optical illusions?
Gestalt theory
The Behaviorist Perspective on Psychology is best summarized as -
Human behavior is the result of stimuli present in the environment
The study of psychology should treat people as individuals and should emphasize opportunities for happiness, well-being, and individual fulfillment.
Humanistic approach
Radical behaviorism, as demonstrated by B.F. Skinner, was the belief that-
Humans do not have free will, but rather are completely subject to their environment
In Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural theory of learning, "scaffolding" is the idea that:
New learning is only possible when built upon established prior knowledge
How did society change during the Enlightenment?
People relied more on science and logic to find answers to their problems
Which of these theories is associated with the idea that learning depends on a person's progression through stages of mental development?
Piaget / Cognitive
Carl Rogers believed that the most important need that an individual has is the need for
Positive Acceptance - being treated with dignity and concern regardless of who you are or what you do
Sigmund Freud was the first psychologist to
Practice therapy
Which of these theories is based on the idea that complex thoughts or behaviors can be understood through the process of introspection and breaking the thoughts / behaviors into their component parts?
Structuralist approach
Because of the religious changes that had occurred, during the medieval era, philosophy was largely replaced by-
Theology
Freud used the metaphor of an iceberg to describe the mind because
Thoughts and feelings are far more complex than what we are aware of
Because psychology is to be a science, it is important that psychologists -
Use precise step-by-step methods to conduct research