PT7301- PT Orientation Final

Health condition

A disorder, disease, injury/trauma, aging, and/or congenital anomaly.

Informed consent

A process of communication between the practitioner and the patient that often leads to an agreement or permission for care: - Nature of treatment - Alternative care - Risks and benefits

Bias

A tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc. are better than others and usually results in treating some people unfairly.

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

A test that captures several hidden biases towards many different social groups.

Stereotypes

A widely held by fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

On-site

According to Ohio Rules and Laws, the supervising physical therapist is required to be ______________________________ and available to immediately respond to the needs of the patient whenever the student physical therapist is performing patient examinations, evaluations, and interventions.

Accountability

Active acceptance of the responsibility for the diverse roles, obligations, and actions of the physical therapist and physical therapist assistant including self‐regulation and other behaviors that positively influence patient and client outcomes, the profession, and the health needs of society.

Cultural knowledge

Actively seeking information about groups and variations within the groups.

Cultural precompetence

Agencies characterized by the acceptance and respect for difference, continuing self-assessment regarding culture, careful attention to the dynamics of difference, continuous expansion of cultural. - Resources are used to meet the needs of minority populations. - Agencies hire unbiased employees, seeks advice and consultation from minority communities, and actively decides what it is capable of providing to minority clients.

Cultural incapacity

Agencies that do not intentionally seek to be culturally destructive but lack the capacity to help minority clients or communities: - Still extremely biased. - Characterized by ignorance and an unrealistic fear of people of color. - Characterized with discriminatory hiring practices, subtle messages to people of color that they are not valued or welcome, and generally lower expectations of minority clients.

Advanced cultural competence

Agencies that hold culture in high esteem and seeks to add to the knowledge of cultural competence by conducting research and developing therapeutic techniques based on differences in cultures. - Hires specialists in cultural competence. - Advocates for cultural competence throughout the agency as well as improved relations between cultures in society.

6th

For health literacy purposes, patient information should be written at a _______________________ grade level.

34%

Generation X constitutes ________________________ of the workforce today

34%

Generation Y (Millennials) constitute _________________________ of the workforce today.

A. The hospital should discipline the doctor and the two staff members (up to and including termination), and all three could face criminal charges for violating HIPAA.

HIPAA: A celebrity was injured during a natural disaster and was taken to a local emergency room. Two members of the hospital staff read an online news article about the incident, recognized the celebrity and were curious about her condition. They decided to access the celebrity's medical records several times over the next few weeks. A hospital physician also saw the news and, spurred by curiosity, logged into her office computer and verified that the celebrity had been treated at the hospital. What should the hospital do? A. The hospital should discipline the doctor and the two staff members (up to and including termination), and all three could face criminal charges for violating HIPAA. B. Nothing, because it is legal for hospital staff and physicians to access patients' medical records.

C. Both of these statements are true.

HIPAA: Blake works at a job which gives them online access to E-PHI of their employer's patients. Blake just submitted a resignation letter for their position. In this situation, what must Blake's employer do to comply with HIPAA? A. The employer must ensure Blake no longer has physical access to their old workstation and equipment. B. The employer must ensure Blake's login and passwords no longer allow Blake electronic access to E-PHI. C. Both of these statements are true.

A. The surgeon must notify the affected patients and the federal government, and Daphne may be fired, face civil fines, or even be criminally prosecuted.

HIPAA: Daphne works for a plastic surgery clinic in southern California. The surgeon takes before and after photographs of clients. One of Daphne's responsibilities is to download and transfer the images to the patient's file. The clinic has had many celebrity clients. When Daphne recognizes a celebrity she likes, she'll often take a copy of their pictures to keep as a souvenir. Daphne downloads copies of the digital pictures onto her own laptop computer, which is password protected. Unfortunately, Daphne's laptop was recently stolen. What's the best analysis of this situation? A. The surgeon must notify the affected patients and the federal government, and Daphne may be fired, face civil fines, or even be criminally prosecuted. B. Daphne didn't violate HIPAA since she was authorized to download pictures from the surgeon's camera. C. This doesn't involve a breach since Daphne's laptop computer was password protected.

C. Although the technician may release June's drug test results to the factory, no other PHI may be disclosed unless June signs another authorization.

HIPAA: June applies for a job in a factory and must take a pre-hire drug test. Before taking the test, she signs a HIPAA authorization allowing the drug test results to be given to the factory. While taking the test, one of the technicians notices that June is exhibiting symptoms of another medical problem. When she tells June about her observations, June decides to take another test. Unfortunately, this second test reveals that June has a serious illness. Under HIPAA, what else might the technician do in this situation? A. Since June signed an authorization, the technician may tell the factory about June's serious illness. B. June is presumed to "consent" to disclosing her PHI to the factory unless she instructs the clinic to keep her second test results confidential. C. Although the technician may release June's drug test results to the factory, no other PHI may be disclosed unless June signs another authorization.

A. Yes, this is permitted as TPO.

HIPAA: Lionel's shoulder began to hurt, so he visited a medical center. He was examined by Dr. Garcia, who thought he might have arthritis. To assist his diagnosis, Dr. Garcia wants to learn more about Lionel's medical history and have him take some lab tests. The doctor also wants to consult a rheumatologist, an arthritis specialist, about Lionel's case. However, Dr. Garcia and the medical center's staff are unsure whether they can use or disclose Lionel's PHI without getting his HIPAA authorization. Is Dr. Garcia's request to access Lionel's entire medical history a use or disclosure permitted as TPO? A. Yes, this is permitted as TPO. B. No, this situation does not involve TPO.

Nonverbal communication

Includes things such as facial expressions, gestures, paralinguistics (vocal tone), body language and posture, proxemics (how humans use space), eye gaze, haptics (use of touch), appearance (how you dress), and artifacts (fancy car, expensive earrings, etc.).

Verbal communication

Includes written documentation, oral communication, and visual communication.

Cultural encounters

Interacting with a people from diverse groups to learn about their culture and develop your belief systems about the culture.

Participation

Involvement in life situations - parenting, occupation, going to school, etc.

Cultural awareness

Knowledge about practitioners' own culture and biases - requires self-reflection into their own background and experiences.

C

Clara wants to post about her client graduating from physical therapy after undergoing shoulder reconstruction and several months of bi-weekly sessions. The client gave Clara verbal permission to post their image and information on the Instagram page of the clinic. Is this legal under HIPAA? A. Yes, this is legal because the client provided verbal permission. B. Yes, this is legal because HIPAA does not restrict the posting of clients on social media pages. C. No, this is illegal because HIPAA requires written permission from clients before any images/information are posted. D. No, this is illegal because HIPAA does not allow clients to be posted on social media under any situation.

Duty

Commitment to meeting one's obligations to provide effective physical therapist services to patients and clients, to serve the profession, and to positively influence the health of society.

Caring

Concern, empathy, and consideration for the needs and values of others.

Compassion

Desire to identify with or sense something of another's experience, a precursor of caring.

Self awareness

Everyone has hidden biases.

Activities

Execution of a task or action by an individual - grooming, walking, or cleaning.

Environmental factors

Physical, social, and attitudinal environments in which people live their lives in.

Cultural desire

Practitioners develop an interest to become immersed in the culture by becoming aware, knowledgeable, and skilled at cultural norms as well as actively seeking encounters with diverse groups.

Altruism

Primary regard for or devotion to the interest of patients and clients, thus assuming the responsibility of placing the needs of patients and clients ahead of the physical therapist's or physical therapist assistant's self‐interest.

Impairments

Problems in one's body functions or structures and is typically measurable - vision/hearing impairments.

Participation restrictions

Problems someone may experience in involvement in life situations.

Cultural blindness

Programs that believe that color or culture makes no difference, but usually implement policies that have traditionally worked for the dominant culture. - Such services ignore cultural strengths, encourage assimilation and blame the victims for their problems.

Cultural destructiveness

Programs which actively participate in cultural genocide - purposeful destruction of culture.

Social responsibility

Promotion of a mutual trust between the profession and the larger public that necessitates responding to societal needs for health and wellness.

Exposure control plan (ECP)

Provides information specific to the work environment about how to stay safe.

Excellence

Provision of physical therapist services occurs when the physical therapist and physical therapist assistant consistently use current knowledge and skills while understanding personal limits, integrate the patient or client perspective, embrace advancement, and challenge mediocrity.

Responsibility

The ability to be accountable for the outcomes of personal and professional actions and to follow through on commitments that encompass the profession within the scope of work, community and social responsibilities.

Communication

The ability to communicate effectively (i.e. verbal, non-verbal, reading, writing, and listening) for varied audiences and purposes.

Professionalism

The ability to exhibit appropriate professional conduct and to represent the profession effectively while promoting the growth/development of the Physical Therapy profession.

Stress management

The ability to identify sources of stress and to develop and implement effective coping behaviors; this applies for interactions for: self, patient/clients and their families, members of the health care team and in work/life scenarios.

Interpersonal skills

The ability to interact effectively with patients, families, colleagues, other health care professionals, and the community in a culturally aware manner.

Effective use of time and resources

The ability to manage time and resources effectively to obtain the maximum possible benefit.

Critical thinking

The ability to question logically; identify, generate and evaluate elements of logical argument; recognize and differentiate facts, appropriate or faulty inferences, and assumptions; and distinguish relevant from irrelevant information. The ability to appropriately utilize, analyze, and critically evaluate scientific evidence to develop a logical argument, and to identify and determine the impact of bias on the decision making process.

Problem solving

The ability to recognize and define problems, analyze data, develop and implement solutions, and evaluate outcomes.

Use of constructive feedback

The ability to seek out and identify quality sources of feedback, reflect on and integrate the feedback, and provide meaningful feedback to others.

Commitment to learning

The ability to self direct learning to include the identification of needs and sources of learning; and to continually seek and apply new knowledge, behaviors, and skills.

Cultural competence

Relates to the skills necessary to effectively respond to every individuals needs as we take care of them.

Views on medication

Special considerations: "What medications are you taking?" "What medications were prescribed by a doctor?" "Are you taking any pain medications?"

Activities

Special considerations: "What types of _____________________________ are you having difficulty doing because of the PT diagnosis?" "What does your typical day look like with regards to day to day activities?"

Healthcare practices

Special considerations: "What are your views on rehabilitation?"

Language assistance

Special considerations: "Would you like an interpreter or a translator?"

Healthcare practitioner

Special considerations: "Would you prefer a practitioner of the same gender?"

Integrity

Steadfast adherence to high ethical principles or standards, being truthful, ensuring fairness, following through on commitments, and verbalizing to others the rationale for actions.

A. A data set of vital signs from an emergency room that contains no personal identifiers.

The HIPAA Privacy Rule requires certain covered entities and their staff to ensure the confidentiality of all Protected Health Information (PHI). Which Of the following records, which do NOT include PHI? A. A data set of vital signs from an emergency room that contains no personal identifiers. B. An X-ray or MRI image labeled with a medical account number. C. A completed medical insurance claims form. D. A sales report listing the names of individuals who bought an insulin pump to treat their diabetes. E. An email from a physician authorizing [email protected] to be referred to a specialist.

Body structures

The anatomical parts of the body - organs, limbs, and their components.

Personal factors

The background of a person's life such as gender, race, age, social background, upbringing, etc.

Body functions

The physiological functions of body systems.

Cultural skill

Use interviews and assessments to obtain and integrate relevant cultural information that will impact PT documentation and treatment.

2%

Veterans only constitute _____________________ of the workforce today.

B, C, E, F

What are PTAs permitted to do in the state of Ohio? Select all that apply. A. Initiate or alter the plan of care prior to evaluation by PT. B. Adjust plan of care in accordance with a change in patient status within the established plan of care. C. Respond to inquiries regarding patient status to appropriate parties within the healthcare system and within the protocol established by the supervising physical therapist. D. Answer inquires regarding a patient's prognosis. E. Gather historical information about a patient to perform a screening that may determine the need for physical therapy intervention. F. Document in the medical record according to the established protocols and with co-signature from PT.

1. Cultural awareness 2. Cultural knowledge 3. Cultural skill 4. Cultural encounters 5. Cultural desire

What are the 5 components of cultural competence?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

What does HIPAA stand for?

B, F

What tasks cannot be delegated to an aide or technician? Select all that apply. A. Maintenance and care of equipment and supplies B. Providing the initial evaluation C. Preparation, maintenance, and cleaning of treatment areas D. Transportation of patients E. Office and clerical functions F. Designating or establishing channels of written and oral communication G. Assisting patients preparing for, during, and at the conclusion of treatment (such as changing clothes, assisting during transfer, and altering position during treatment).

Slowly

What works in one culture may not work for another - interpretation and response to healthcare is influenced by culture. There are differences within, between, and among cultures. Culture changes _______________________________ over time. Race is more than just color or genetic makeup.

Group therapy

When SPT is involved with group therapy treatment, and one of the following occurs, the minutes may be coded as group therapy: The SPT is providing the group treatment and the supervising therapist/assistant is not treating any residents and is not supervising other individuals (students or residents); or The supervising therapist/assistant is providing the group treatment and the SPT is not providing treatment to any resident. In this case, the student is simply assisting the supervising therapist.

Concurrent therapy

When SPT is involved with the treatment, and one of the following occurs, the minutes may be coded as concurrent therapy: The SPT is treating one resident and the supervising therapist/assistant is treating another resident, and both residents are in line of sight of the therapist/assistant or student providing their therapy; or The SPT is treating 2 residents, regardless of payer source, both of whom are in line-of-sight of the therapy student, and the therapist is not treating any residents and not supervising other individuals; or The SPT is not treating any residents and the supervising therapist/assistant is treating 2 residents at the same time, regardless of payer source, both of whom are in line-of-sight.

Individual therapy

When a therapy student is involved with the treatment of a resident, the minutes may be coded as individual therapy when only one resident is being treated by the therapy student and supervising therapist/assistant.

Communication to physician and other members of healthcare team about what procedures were performed during treatment? Especially when PT believes that patient needs prescription orthotics, SMOs, AFOs, etc.

When client utilizes direct access, what communication is required of PT?

Secondary characteristics of culture

Things that can be changed - educational status, socioeconomic status, occupation, military experience, political beliefs, urban/rural residence, marital status, parental status, etc.

Primary characteristics of culture

Things that cannot be changed - nationality, race, color, gender, age, religious affiliation, etc.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

To avoid exposure: - Do not eat, drink, or apply skin products in work areas where exposure to BBP is possible - Wash your hands after handling blood or OPIM, even if you are wearing gloves - utilize hand-washing facilities - Utilize bright red waste containers - Utilize self-sheathing needles and needless devices - Utilize _____________________________ such as gloves, masks, eye protection, face shields, gowns, surgical caps, shoe covers, etc. - Handle contaminated equipment and laundry as little as possible Inform a supervisor if you come into contact with a BBP - they can provide free medical treatment and medication.

Universal precautions

Treat all blood and OPIM as if they are infected with BBP - do not let these fluid contact your body.

Not required

Under Medicare A, SPTs are ____________________________ to be in line-of-sight of supervising PT.

Licensed PT

Under Medicare B, who can document in patient's chart?

Provide an interpreter or translator if they would like one

When working with a patient who does not speak English, what is the best course of action?

C, D

Which generation is most well-represented in the workforce? Select all that apply. A. Veterans B. Baby boomers C. Generation X D. Generation Y

1. Cross model 2. Campinha-Bacote Model 3. Explanatory model 4. LEARN model 5. Respect model

Which models are described in the blueprint for teaching cultural competence?

A, C, F

Which of the following acts are exclusively performed by PTs? Select all that apply. A. Spinal and peripheral joint mobilization/manipulation B. Vestibular treatment C. Dry needling D. Pelvic floor exercises E. Ultrasound F. E-stim F. Sharp selective debridement

B, C, D, E

Which of the following tasks can be delegated to an AT by supervising PT? Select all that apply. A. Initiate or alter the plan of care prior to evaluation by PT. B. Adjust plan of care in accordance with a change in patient status within the established plan of care. C. Develop and teach injury prevention protocols. D. Execute administrative tasks. E. Apply tape, bandages, and braces to support, protect, or prevent injuries.

DCE/ADCE

Who provides grades for all clinical experiences?

Collaboration

Working together with patients and clients, families, communities, and professionals in health and other fields to achieve shared goals.

Baby boomers

- Largest generational cohort and were born between 1946 and 1964 - grew up in economic prosperity, freedom of expression, and the Cold and Vietnam Wars. - Value teamwork, collaboration, and strong work ethic.

HIV, Hep B, and Hep C

- Most commonly caused from exposure to needle sticks or blood splashes - These cause flu like symptoms and liver damage (Hep C) - There is a vaccine for Hep B, but not Hep C or HIV - May be transmitted from puncture wounds, open sores, or contact of BBP or OPIM into the eyes, nose, or mouth

Generation X

- Those born 1965 and 1980. - Value work-life balance are not particularly loyal to a company or care about job titles or extra money. - May change jobs frequently to improve marketability. - Considered independent, self reliant, informal, and embrace change and technology.`

Veterans

- Those born before 1946 and grew up during the great depression and WWII. - Value resourcefulness, consistency and uniformity, integrity, loyalty, and respect authority. - Unsure or resist new technology.

Generation Y (Millennials)

- Those born between 1981 and 2000. - Considered less independent and more community oriented, social and confident, and desires praise in order to fill a sense of belongingness. - Desire more supervision, feedback, and clear-cut goals. - Technologically savvy, motivated with money, and have short attention spans.

Other potential infectious materials

- Vaginal secretions, semen, abdominal fluid, urine - Organ tissue - Cell cultures

29%

Baby boomers constitute _______________________ of the workforce today.

A. Aidan should not use the computer station unless he can log out Yusef, use his own login and password to access the E-PHI, and lock the computer screen to minimize further harm.

HIPAA: Yusef and Aidan work for an insurance company, where they process claims for medical treatment. They both share a single computer station to access E-PHI and process claims for their jobs. However, they each have their own login procedure and unique password and the computer system only allows one user to be logged in at any time. One day around noon, Yusef is out to lunch and Aidan needs to use the computer to access a client's medical claims history. However, he discovers that Yusef failed to out of the computer. In fact, Aidan sees that Yusef has left visible on the computer screen an email he is writing to a client about the payment for a laboratory test. What should Aidan do in this situation? A. Aidan should not use the computer station unless he can log out Yusef, use his own login and password to access the E-PHI, and lock the computer screen to minimize further harm. B. Aidan should review the email and, if it is complete, send it to Yusef' client, before he accesses E-PHI for his client. C. Since Yusef is already logged in, Aidan should remain logged in as Yusef and access any E-PHI he needs.

C. Yvonne should contact the clinic's Privacy Officer for instructions about responding to the officials' request.

HIPAA: Yvonne is the receptionist at a clinic. One day, government officials and a uniformed police officer arrive at the clinic. They tell Yvonne they're from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and they show Yvonne their federal identification cards. They tell Yvonne that they need information about a patient who was treated by the clinic last week. They say the patient has a rare mutation of influenza. As a result, they need Yvonne to give them the patient's medical records so that they can contact them immediately. What can Yvonne do to comply with HIPAA and help the officials? A. Federal regulations require Yvonne to give government officials or the police any information they request. B. She should tell them that the clinic cannot release any information unless they obtain the patient's authorization. C. Yvonne should contact the clinic's Privacy Officer for instructions about responding to the officials' request.

SPT may participate in delivery of service if CI is directing the service, making the judgment, responsible for the treatment and present in the room guiding the student in service delivery.

How can a CI and SPT treat a patient insured under Medicare B in an outpatient clinic?

Licensed provider and supervisors (PTA, PT, PT director, hospital/clinic)

If a patient is injured during treatment, who is liable for negligent care?

Bloodborne pathogens

Microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause infectious disease.

70%

Nonverbal communication may convey the same amount of information as verbal communication and _________________________ of our communication is nonverbal.

Inclusion

Occurs when the physical therapist and physical therapist assistant create a welcoming and equitable environment for all. Physical therapists and physical therapist assistants are inclusive when they commit to providing a safe space, elevating diverse and minority voices, acknowledging personal biases that may impact patient care, and taking a position of anti-discrimination.

E

Part-time clinical placement is determined by: A. Students contacting clinic site of their choice independently. B. Director of Clinical Education/Assistant Director of Clinical Education (DCE/ADCE) assigning student utilizing student's top ten written choices. C. Clinic sites requesting a specific student. D. Students drawing a clinic site name out of a cup lottery-style E. DCE/ADCE randomly assigning students to one of our part-time sites