Public Health Lecture Quiz 6

Fentanyl

a. Pharmaceutical fentanyl is a synthetic opioid, approved for treating severe pain typically advanced cancer pain b. It is 80 to 100 times more potent than morphine.

Global Warming

a. Recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth's surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Global warming is causing climate patterns to change

Weather

a. The state or conditions of the atmosphere over a short period of time

Vector-Borne Illnesses

1. Climate influences the distribution of diseases borne by vectors such as fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes, which spread pathogens that cause illness. a. Geographic and seasonal distribution of vector populations, and the diseases they can carry, depends on climate, land use, SES factors, pest control, access to health care, and human responses to disease risk b. Climate variability can result in vector/ pathogen adaptation and shifts or expansions in geographic ranges 2. North Americans are currently at risk from numerous vector-borne diseases, including Lyme disease, dengue fever, West Nile virus disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, plague, and tularemia.

Allergens

1. Flowering time and pollen initiation from allergenic plants 2. CO2 elevated plant-based allergens 3. Higher pollen concentrations & longer pollen seasons increase allergies, asthma episodes and missed work/school days.

Wildfires

1. Increasing frequency of wildfires in U.S. & world 2. High temps/ droughts contribute to dry conditions. 3. Wildfire smoke contains particulate matter, CO, NO, and other compounds reducing air quality. 4. Smoke exposure increases hospitalizations; ER visits; treatments of asthma/bronchitis, chest pain, COPD, and respiratory infections.

Science Supporting Climate Change

1. The earth is warming a. Human activities have warmed the earth by 1.0 degree Celsius above pre-industrial levels b. Likely to reach 1.5 degrees Celsius between 2030-2052

Current US beliefs in Climate Change Vary Widely

a. 2/3 of U.S. residents believe that climate change is occurring and that humans cause it. b. Compared with other nations, U.S. residents see it as more remote in time of lower priority, well behind other concerns c. U.S. population has a spectrum ranging from alarmed to dismissive according to climate change belief, concern, and motivation

Chagas Disease

a. AKA American Trypanosomiasis b. Spread via contact with infected vector insects, congenitally, or human tissues c. Most chronic infections are asymptomatic.

Climate Change

a. Any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. This includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns

Addiction

a. Anyone who takes prescription opioids can become addicted to them. In fact, as many as one in four patients receiving long term opioid therapy in a primary care setting struggles with addiction b. Taking too many prescription opioids can stop a persons breathing, leading to death c. Prescription opioid overdose deaths also often involve benzodiazepines.

Prescription Opioids

a. Can be used to treat moderate to severe pain and are often prescribed following surgery or injury, or for health conditions such as cancer b. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the acceptance and use of prescription opioids for the treatment of chronic pain.

Rising Global Temperatures are accompanies by

a. Changes in rainfall, intense rain, more floods, droughts, and severe heat waves b. The planet's oceans are warming and becoming more acidic, ice caps are melting, and seal levels are rising.

Climate Change: Human Health

a. Climate change can affect human health in two principal ways i. By changing the severity or frequency of health problems that are already affected by climate or weather factors ii. Creating unprecedented or unanticipated health problems or health threats in places where they have not previously occurred

Mental Health

a. Extreme Weather events affects mental health in several ways i. Following disasters, mental health problems increases in those without mental illness ii. Stress mediated birth outcomes: pre-term birth, low birth weight, and maternal comps. iii. Suicide rates rise with high temperatures iv. Dementia at risk for hospitalization/death during heath waves v. Mental health meds interfere with temp regulation or cause hyperthermia vi. Distress/anxiety/despair related to environmental degradation and displacement

Heat Waves/Extreme Temperatures

a. Extreme heat is a threat to human health b. Increased urban mortality during heat waves i. Chicago 1995 c. Elderly and infants/small children most susceptible d. Deaths are attributed to i. Heat stroke ii. Dehydration iii. Exacerbation of heart, respiratory, and cerebrovascular

Precipitation Extremes

a. Heavy precipitation events has already increased in the US and is projected to increases in all US regions b. CC related drought has increased in the US with regional susceptibility. c. Hurricanes i. Continental USmodels project a dramatic increase in frequency of Category 4/5 hurricanes ii. Hurricane Florence 1. Modeling suggests that Florence was 50 Miles larger and du ped 50% more rain due to climate change effects.

Heroin

a. Increased sharply across the US among men and women. Some of the greatest increases occurred in demographic groups with relatively low recorded heroin use.

Lyme Disease

a. Is caused by the bacterium Borrelia Burgdorferi b. Transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks c. Symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. d. Untreated, infection can spread to the joints, the heart, and the nervous system

Factors Shaping Climate Change Beliefs

a. Many factors shape views of climate change i. Economics, cultural norms, family/friends' beliefs, values and political ideology, often exercised through heuristics that bypass evidence b. Media Matters i. Deliberate, well-funded attempts to deceive the public and sow confusion have succeeded ii. Despite robust scientific consensus, there is widespread perception that scientists disagree, fueling public disbelief. iii. Many people are unduly influenced by short-term experiences, like weather perturbations

MORI

a. Mobile integrated healthcare b. 2014-present c. Non emergent community response d. Utilized FD response data to identify and locate those in need of services.

Side Effects of Opioids

a. Tolerance b. Physical Dependence c. Constipation d. Increased sensitivity to pain e. Nausea f. Confusion g. Depression h. Low levels of testosterone

Chikungunya Virus

a. Transmitted to people by mosquitoes b. Symptoms include fever, H/A and joint pain. c. No meds or vaccine to prevent or treat this d. Found for the first time in the Americas on Caribbean Islands in 2013

Greenhouse Gases

a. Water Vapor i. Most Abundant greenhouse gas b. Carbon Dioxide i. Most important long lived force in climate change. Released through natural processes; respiration, volcano eruptions and human activities like deforestation, land use changes, and burning fossil fuels. c. Methane i. Hydrocarbon gas produces through natural sources and human activities, including decomposition of landfill wastes, agriculture, ruminant digestion, and manure management of domestic livestock.

Intergovernmental panel on climate change position on climate change

a. Worldwide scientific consensus is that the earth's climate is warming b. No Major scientific bodies dissent from IPCC's climate change position c. Human Activities have caused approximated 1.0 degree Celsius of global warming above pre industrial levels.

2013

i. As a result of synthetic opioids. ii. Illicitly manufactured fentanyl

1999-2010

i. Big push to prescribe opioids ii. Included natural and semi-synthetic opioids and methadone

Reduced Air Quality/ Air Pollution

i. Climate Change is projected to increase ground level ozone and or particulate matter air pollution ii. Ground-level ozone and particulate matter are associated with many health problems 1. Diminished lung function 2. Increased Hospital Admissions and ER visits for asthma, COPD, and Cardiovascular disease 3. Increased premature deaths for asthma, heart/lung disease & lung cancer if living in polluted locations iii. Air pollution mortality and cost 1. Estimated 1000-4300 additional premature deaths in US per yr

Goals of MORI

i. Decrease fatalities by engaging patients after an overdose as rapidly as possible with a diverse team of professionals and peer support ii. Surround patients and family with support, Narcan and education iii. Streamline access to treatment/services iv. Utilize diverse databases to uncover trends in substance use v. Collect data on referrals and resources in the community while following patients to prevent future ODs

Waterborne illnesses

i. Diarrheal diseases, including salmonellosis and Campylobacteriosis, are more common at high temps ii. More frequent diarrheal illnesses occur with very high or low precipitation and increases in stream flow rates preceded by rapid snowmelt or water treatment changes iii. Risks of waterborne illness and beach closures from changes in precipitation and lake temperature are projected to increase in the Great Lakes Region`

Climate Changes Impact on US food security

i. Health Effects 1. Americans will see shortages of key foods 2. Food insecurity increases with rising food prices. Increases nutrient poor but calorie rich food and or hunger. ii. Nutritional value is projected to decline

Heavy Rainfall flooding and droughts

i. Health Risks 1. Drownings 2. Waterborne Disease Outbreaks 3. Water Intrusion into buildings causing mold contamination that increase asthma, pneumonia, and respiratory syncytial virys 4. Drought risks include wildfires, dust storms, extreme heat events, flash flooding, degraded water quality, reduced water quantity and reduced crop yields

2010

i. Rapid increase in OD deaths including heroin