public speaking exam 2 (ch 7-11, 15)

guidelines for speaking outline

1) follow same visual framework as prep outline 2) plainly legible 3) brief 4) contain cues for delivering speech

guidelines for informative speaking

1) don't overestimate what audience knows 2) relate subject directly to audience 3) don't be too technical 4) avoid abstractions 5) personalize your ideas

guidelines for preparation outline

1) include specific purpose statement 2) include central idea 3) clearly label intro, body, conclusion 4) have consistent pattern of symbolization & indentation 5) state main points & subpoints in full sentences 6) label transitions, internal summaries, internal previews 7) include bibliography 8) include title for speech

why is organizing your speech important?

achieves particular results with audience,

give the best organizational pattern for a given Specific Purpose statement

To inform my audience of the basic steps in making stained-glass windows.

3 criteria to help distinguish between good & bad internet sources

authorship: author clearly identified, what are his/her qualifications, data unbiased sponsorship: organization, that in absence of a clearly defined author, is responsible for the content or the page recency: look for copyright date, publication date, or date of last revision- very important when using stats, NEVER cite from an undated source, must verify recency!

how should sub-points in a preparation outline be written?

complete sentence

why is outlining important in public speaking?

helps speaker see full scope & content at glance; helps speaker judge if each part is fully developed; helps create coherent structure

identify correctly/incorrectly written main points:

incorrect: The third step is conducting rehearsals and then performing the play. correct: The third step is conducting rehearsals. The fourth step is performing the play.

tips for preparing conclusion

keep an eye out for potential materials, conclude with bang not whimper, not long-winded, prepare content/delivery of conclusion with special care

3 ways to reinforce the central idea

keep main points separate, devote same amount of time to each topic, try to use same pattern of wording

5 tips for taking research notes effectively

record notes on index cards write 1 note on each card, source of note, and heading indicating subject of note write only 1 note per card distinguish among direct quotes, paraphrases, and your own ideas take plenty of notes

7 ways to gain attention of your audience

relate topic to audience, state importance, startle audience, arouse curiosity of audience, question audience, begin with quotation, tell a story

2 objectives/functions of the conclusion

signal the end of speech reinforce central idea of speech

crescendo ending

speech builds up in force until reaching zenith of power/intensity

4 tips for doing research

start early, make a preliminary bibliography, take notes efficiently, think about your materials as you research

4 types of connectives

transitions internal previews- statement letting audience know where speaker is going next internal summaries- statement that summarizes speaker's preceding point(s) signposts- statement indicating where speaker is in speech or focuses on key ideas

3 ways to avoid abstractions

use description, use comparison, use contrast

6 tips for using stats

used to quantify ideas, used sparingly, identified in speech, explained & made meaningful to audience, complicated stats need to be rounded off, statistical trends should be clarified w/ visual aids

if you are giving a speech to a hostile audience, you should be careful to do what in the introduction?

the rape situation and the cap-gun

if you can't find the author of an internet document, what should you look for next?

title of document

how many main points is appropriate and why?

2-5 main points, bc if you have too many main ponts, you can probably condense them

why is research important

supplementing facts & figures adds personal touch brings speech to life helps with credibility you are not an "official" source

elements apart of the preparation outline that are not apart of a speaking outline vice versa

both should follow same visual framework speaking outline should be legible speaking outline be brief speaking outline contains cues for delivering speech

tips for preparing intro

brief, keep an eye out for potential material, be creative, exact wording after body is written, worked out in detail for effective deliverance, take your time

3 types of examples

brief: specific instances that a speaker refers to in passing--often employed when a speaker wants to quickly illustrate a point, used when a speaker is introducing a topic, effective when stacked up to reinforce a speaker's ideas extended: longer & more detailed than brief examples--often called illustrations, narratives, or anecdotes; tell a vivid and dramatic story, an excellent way to pull listeners to speech hypothetical: describe an imaginary situation--effective for relating a general principle directly to an audience; supplemented w/ stats or testimony to show the example could really occur

how are supporting materials linked to critical thinking?

choosing the supporting materials for speech requires critical thinking: must determine which ides need to be supported given the audience, topic, and purpose; must do research to find materials that will support your ideas clearly & creatively; must evaluate your supporting materials to make sure they really back up your ideas assessing the quality of supporting materials in a speech requires critical thinking: must make sure their supporting materials are accurate, relevant, and are from reliable sources

5 types of order for your main points (strategic order)

chronological- time pattern spatial- directional pattern causal- cause/effect relationship problem-solution- first MP is problem, second MP is solution topical- logical/consistent subtopics

things to do before your research interview why?

define purpose of interview, decide whom to interview, arrange interview, decide if recording, prepare questions for interview

things to do during your research interview why?

dress appropriately & be on time, repeat purpose, set up recorder (if you have one), keep on track, listen carefully, don't overstay welcome

best way to add human interest to your speech is?

examples

2 types of testimony

expert: comes from people who are acknowledged authorities in their fields--provides credibility when you are not an expert on your topic; important when topic is controversial or when audience is skeptical about your point of view peer: comes from ordinary people who have firsthand experience with topic--gives a more personal viewpoint than can be gained by expert testimony; usually has much greater authenticity & emotional impact than expert testimony

dissolve ending

final words fade like spotlight, emotional close

4 objectives of speech introduction

gain attention of audience, reveal topic of speech, establish credibility/goodwill, preview body of speech

tips for preparing main points

keep main points separate, try to use same pattern of wording, balance amount of time devoted to main points

what is the most challenging part of informative speaking, and what did I use in class to exemplify this?

not relating your topic to audience; the cupcake video

types of informative speeches how to analyze/organize them

objects, processes, events, concepts

to give the gist of someone's ideas in you own words, you are?

paraphrasing

differences between preparation and speaking outline in organization & content

preparation speech: includes title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, sub points, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography speaking outline: brief outline to jog speaker's memory, key words/phrases form prep outline, essential stats/quotes, delivery cues

tips for using examples

to clarify ideas, to reinforce ideas, to personalize ideas, use extended examples that are vivid & richly textured, practice delivery to enhance the impact of extended examples

main value for using stats in a speech?

to give ideas numerical precision stats can greatly enhance examples by quantifying the speaker's points

what does the most effective order of main points in a speech depend on?

topic, purpose, audience