Chapter 12 English

Add the helping verbs *will* or *shall* before the main verb. The girl will race / the girls will race *Same for plural and singular*

What do you add to make the singular and plural *future* tense? Hint: add one of 2 helping verbs options.

ed, d, t or have a middle vowel change *same for singular and plural* the girl raced the girls raced *NO helping verbs*

What do you add to make the singular and plural *past* tense to the end of the verb?

transitive - is an action verb that has a direct object (P2). intransitive is an action verb that indicates a complete action without a DO (P1).

What is the difference between a transitive verb and intransitive verb?

v-t

What is the label for transitive verb?

noun or pronoun

What two things can a direct object be?

Future - will, shall Perfect - has, had, have

Which helping verbs are needed to make *future* tense vs *perfect* tense?

1. dance - R - danced 2. grow - I - grew 3. write - I - wrote 4. try - R - tried 5. drive - I - drove 6. mean - I - meant

Write if the verb is regular (R) or irregular (I) and the past tense form: 1. dance 2. grow 3. write 4. try 5. drive 6. mean

perfect designated

_______________ verb tenses indicate an action completed, or perfected, within a _______________ time frame in the past, present, or future.

had has have

The Perfect tenses use what Helping Verbs

subject noun

The direct object must be different from the _______________ ______________ of the sentence.

principal parts

The four basic forms of a verb are called the _____________ ______________ of the verb.

whom what

To find a direct object: ask ________ when the DO is a person ask _______ when the DO is a place, thing, or idea

past participle

To make perfect tenses, we use the ________________ _______ verb form.

present and past verb forms

To make simple tenses, we use the _______ and ______________ verb forms.

action direct objects

Transitive verbs are ____________ verbs that tell what the subject does, and it is followed by a ____________ __________.

*Present* - am, is, are, has, have, do, does *Past* - was, were, had, did been *future* - will, shall

Know which helping verbs go with which tense: *MUST KNOW FOR TEST* List for: Present tense (7) Past tense (5) Future tense (2)

Yes, creates a new word for the past tense

Irregular verbs - do they change the word for past tense?

*will have* and *shall have* definite - event Same for singular and plural Ex. The dog *will have* barked before the movie ends.

*Future Perfect* is identified by the help verb combinations ___________ ____________ and __________ ________________. Tells of an action that will be completed by a _____________ time in the future or before another __________ in the future occurs.

had completed ex. The dog *had* barked during the movie.

*Past Perfect* uses the helping verb ___________ (singular and plural). They tell of an action that begun and was ____________ before another past action.

has (The dog has barked) have (The dogs have barked) continuing - completed

*Present perfect* uses the helping verbs ___________ (singular) and _____________ (plural). They tell of an action that started in the past, but is ____________________ in the present or _________________ in the present.

present She cooks.

1st Form of principal parts is _________ and has a main verb and no helping verb.

past She cooked.

2nd form of principal parts is ______________ and has no helping verb.

past participle ex. I have eaten. She has eaten. We had eaten.

3rd form of principal parts is ____________ and uses the helping verbs has, have, or had.

Present participle ex. I am eating. She is eating. WE are cooking. They were cooking.

4th form of principal parts is _____________ and uses am, is, are, was, or were + ing verb.

receives the action

A direct object ______________ _________ __________ of the verb

after the verb

A direct object is located where?

Will Shall

For future tense use the helping verbs

*only main verb* - simple present or simple past *will or shall + main verb* - simple future *has, have, had + main verb" - present perfect or past perfect *will/shall + helping verb + main verb* - future perfect tense

How do you determine the tense of a verb for when there is only one verb and when there is a helping verb + main verb?

SN V-t DO P2

How do you label a P2 sentence?

1. present, taught, I 2. past, played, R 3. future, became, I

Identify the verb tense (present, past, future), write the past-tense form, and write R for regular or I for irregular: 1. The scientist has taught his theory. 2. The pianist was playing int he concert hall. 3. The tadpole will become a frog.

cost, bet, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, or shut ALL ARE IRREGULAR ex. cost, has cost, will cost

If the main verb is made past tense by a middle vowel change, it is an irregular verb. EXCEPTIONS: verbs whose principal parts are the same are ALSO IRREGULAR. Can you name an example?

have/had pay/paid say/said lay/laid all should be marked irregular

If the main verb is made past tense by adding -ed, -d, or -t, it is regular except for three exceptions. Can you name at least one?

transitive

In a sentence with a DO, the verb is always ___________.

No, just add ed, d, or t to the end

Regular verbs - do they change the word for past tense?

time-telling tense time

Verbs are __________-_____________ words. The time of the action is called the _____________ of the verb. The blank word in the previous sentence means ____________.

has have do does am is are had did was were been shall will

What are the 14 helping verbs you use for tense

(1st) present, (2nd) past, (3rd) past participle and (4th) present participle arrive(s), arrived, (has, had, have) arrived, (am, is, are, was, were) arriving swim(s), swam, (has, have, had) swum, (am, is, are, was, were) swimming

What are the four principal parts of a verb? Write all four parts for the verbs arrive and swim.

present perfect, past perfect, future perfect has, had, have

What are the three perfect tenses and what helping verbs are added to make the perfect tenses (3).

-s or -es (the girl races) For plura, present DO NOT add -s or -es (girls race) *No helping verbs used & shows something is happening NOW*

What do you add to make the singular *present* tense to the end of the verb? What about plural?