pysch

The greek philosopher ______ developed early theories about ____,_____,______,____,____ and _____.

Aristotle learning, memory, motivation, emotion, perception, personality

a psychologist who conducts experiments solely intended to build psychologys knowledge base is engaged in

Basic research

In 1859, naturalist _____ explained species variation by proposing the process of _____, which works through the principle of _____ ____.

Charles Darwin evolution Natural Selection

which 17th century philosopher believed that some ideas are innate

Descartes

who introduced the early school of structuralism?

Edward Titchener

Under the influence of evolutionary theroerist Charles Darwin, psychologist _____ assumed that thinking developed because it was _____. he founded the school of ____, which focused on how mental and behavioral processes enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

James; adaptive; functionalism

The seventeenth century philosopher who believed that the mind is blank at birth and that most knowledge comes throu ghsensory experience is

Locke

in the 1600's the views of the greek philosopher were revived by _____, who believed that most knowledge comes in through the senses, and ____, who believed that some ideas are innate.

Locke Descartes

The first female president of the American Psychological Association was ___. the first woman to receive her PHD in pscychology was ___.

Mary Calkins Margaret Floy Washburn

In the earliest years, pyschology was defined as the science of ____ life. from the 1920's into the 1960's psychology in America was redifined as the science of _____ behavior.

Mental observable

The greek philosopher who assumed that character and intelligence are inherited is ____. The greek philosopher who argued that all knowledge comes from sensory experience is _____.

Plato Aristotale

A psychologist who explores how Asian and North American definitions of attractiveness differ is working from the _____ perspective

Social Cultural

who wrote the early textbook Principles of Psychology

William James

The first psychological laboratory was founded in 1879 by Wilhelm ____. His student, ____, introduced the school of ____,, which explored the basic eleemnts of mind using the method of ____. this method proved ____. (reliable/ unreliable)

Wundt; Edward Tichener; structuralism, introspection, unreliable

the study of practical problems

applied research

As a science, psychology is less a set of findings than a way of ____ _____.

asking and answering questions

adds to psychologys knowledge base

basic research

The text author defines pyschology as the sciencetific study of _____ and _____ processes.

behavior and mental

Psychologiest who study the degree to which genes influence our personality are working from the ____ perspective.

behavior genetics

how much genes and encironment contribute to individual differences

behavior genetics perspective

Psychologists who study the mechanisms by which observable responses are acquired and changed are working from the ____ perspective.

behavioral

the mechanisms by which observable responses are acquired and changed

behavioral perspective

the view that psychology should be an objective science that avoids refrence to mental processes

behaviorism

As a response to Freudian psychology and to _____, which they considered too mechanistic, pioneers ____ and______ forged ___ psychology. This new perspective emphasized the ____ potential of ___ people.

behaviorism Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, Humanistic growth, healthy

the nature-nurture issue is the controversy over the relative contributions of _____ and _____.

biology and experience

The historical roots of psychology include the fields of ____ and____.

biology and philosophy

Psychologists who study, asses, and treat troubled people are called ____ psychologists.

clinical

psychologists who study, assess and treat toubled people are called

clinical psychologists

the study, assesment, and treament of troubled people

clinical psychology

The ____ perspective explores how we encode,process, and store, and retrieve information.

cognitive

brain activity linked with perception, thinking, memory, and language

cognitive neuroscience

Psychologists who study how brain activity is linked to memory, perception, and other thought processes are called

cognitive neuroscientists

how we encode, process, store and retrieve information

cognitive perspective

During the 1960's, psychology underwent a ____ revolution as it began to recapture interest in how our ____ processes and retains information. The study of brain activity linked with mental activity is called ____ ______.

cognitive; mind; cognitive neuroscience

The differenct perspectives on the big issues ______ (contradict/compliment) one another.

complement

Today Psychology is a discipline that

connects with a diversity of other fields

Psychologists who help people cope with problems in living are called ____ psychologists. Psychologists who study, assess, and treat troubled people are

counseling

Psychologists who study how natural selection influences behavior tendencies are working from the ____ perspective, where as those concerned with the relative influences of genes and environment on individual differences are working from the _____ _____ perspective

evolutionary behavior genetics

how natural selection favors traits that promote the perpetuation of ones genes

evolutionary perspective

an early school of psychology that focused on the adaptive value of thought and behaviors

functionalism

worldwide, the number of psychologists is ____ (increasing/decreasing) thank to international publications and meetings, psychological science is also ______.

increasing globalizing

behavior in the work place

industrial/ organizational psychology

some early psychologists include Ivan Pavlov who pioneered the study of ____; the personality theorist____, and Jean Piaget, who studied ____.

learning Sigmund Freud Children

Describe the principle of natural selection

natural selction states that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survial will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Psychologists who study how the body and brain ebable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences are working from the _____ perspective.

neuroscience

which psychological perspective emphasizes the interaction of the brain and the body in behavior?

neuroscience

how the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensations

neuroscience perspective

Although the debate continues, we will see that ___ works on what ____ endows and that every ____ event is simultaneously a ___ event.

nurture, nature psychological, biological

In this definition, "behavior" refers to any action that we can ____ and ____, and "mental processes" refers to the internal, ____ ____ we _____ from behavior.

observe; record subjective experiences infer

Medical doctors who provide psychotherapy and treat physical causes of psychological disorders are called _____.

psychiatrists

the medical treatment of psychological disorders

psychiatry

Psychologists who believe that behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts are working from the _____ perspective.

psychodynamic

the disguised effects of unfulfulled wishes and childhood traumas

psychodynamic perspective

today psychology is defined as the

science of behavior and mental process

In its earliest days, psychology was defined as the

science of mental life

Psychologists who study how thinking and behavior vary in different situations are working from the ____ - ______perspective.

social - cultural

how people differ as products of different enviornments

social cultural perspective

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the contents of the mind

structuralism

Each person is complex ____ that is part of a larger ____ ____ and at the same time composed of smaller systems. For this reason, psychologists work from three main ____ of _____ - biological, _____ and _____-______ - which together form an intergrated _____ approach to the study of behavior and mental processes.

system social system levels analysis, psychological, social-cultural biopsychosocial

Which of the following exemplifies the issue of the relative importance of nature and nurture on our behavior?

the issue of the relative influence of biology and experience on behavior

Psychological science seeks to answer questions about how people ____,____, and ____ as they do

think feel act

Describe the evolution of psychology as defined from the 1920's through today.

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Describe the evolution of scientific psyschology from its early pioneers to contemporary concerns.

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Explain the differences between clinical psychology and psychiatry.

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Identify the three main levels of analysis in the biopsychosocial approach, and explain why psychology's varied perspectives are complementary.

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Summarize the nature-nurture debate in psychology.

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who would be most likely to agree with the statement "psychology should investigate only behaviors that can be observed"?

2 John B. Watson