Public Speaking Exam Review Q's
What are the 6 demographic traits of audiences? Why is each demographic trait important to audience analysis?
1-Age 2-gender 3-religion 4-sexual orientation 5-racial, ethnic, and cultural background 6-group membership they help to know how your listeners will respond to your speech
What two major steps are used for developing your introductory speech?
1-Focusing your topic 2-developing your topic
What are the 4 main causes of poor listening?
1-Not concentrating 2-listening to hard 3-Jumping to conclusions 4-focusing on delivery and personal appearance
What 3 brainstorming methods can you follow if you are having trouble choosing a topic for your speech?
1-Personal inventory 2-clustering 3-internet search
What are the 7 elements of the speech communication process? How do they interact to determine the success or failure of a speech?
1-Speaker 2-message 3-channel 4-listener 5-feedback 6-interference 7-situation Situation is the time and place in which speech communication occurs. Interference is anything that impedes the communication of a message. Feedback is the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. Listener is the person who receives the speaker's message. Channel is the means by which a message is communicated. Message is whatever a speaker communicates to someone else. Speaker is the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener.
What 5 elements of speech delivery are discussed with regard to presenting your first speech?
1-Starting your speech 2-gestures 3-eye contact 4-voice 5-dealing with nerves.
What are 7 ways to become a better listener?
1-Take listening seriously 2-be an active listener 3-resist distractions 4-don't be diverted by appearance or delivery 5-suspend judgment 6-focus your listening 7-develop note-taking skills
What are 5 tips for formulating your specific purpose statement?
1-Write as a full infinitive phrase 2-express your purpose as a statement 3-avoid figurative language 4-limit to one distinct idea 5-make sure it is not too vague or general
What are 5 questions to ask about your specific purpose?
1-does it meet the assignment? 2-can i accomplish my purpose in the time allotted? 3-is it relevant to my audience? 4-is it too trivial? 5-is it too technical?
What are the 3 kinds of questions used in questionnaires? Why is it a good idea to use all three questionnaire questions in audience analysis?
1-fixed-alternative 2-scale 3-open-ended questions they each have pros and cons
What steps should you take when rehearsing your first speech?
1-practice out-loud 2-speak to a friend or family member 3-time your speech
What are four tips for your conclusion?
1. As with the introduction, keep an eye out for possible concluding materials as you research and develop the speech 2. Conclude with a bang, be creative with a message that hits the hearts and minds of the audience. Create multiple endings and select the one the has the most impact. 3. Don't be long-winded 4. Don't leave anything in your conclusion to chance. Work it out in detail, and practice delivering it, write it out, until you can practice it smoothly
What are the four objectives of a speech introduction?
1. Get the attention and interest of your audience 2. Reveal the topic of your speech 3. Establish your credibility and good will 4. Preview the body of the speech
What are two ways to bring your speeches to life with vivid, animated language?
1. Imagery: the use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas; concrete words, similes, and metaphors 2. Rhythm: The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words; parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis
What are six tips for your introduction?
1. Keep it brief. 2. Be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you do your research 3. Be creative in devising your introduction, experiment with different openings 4. Dont worry about the exact wording until you have finished preparing the body of your speech, it will be easier after 5. Work out your introduction in detail, outline it or write it out . practice it over and over until you can deliver it smoothly with strong eye contact 6. When you present the speech, don't start talking too soon, make sure the audience is focused on you before you begin. Establish eye contact, smile, then begin.
What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?
1. Relate the topic to the audience 2. State the importance of your topic 3. Startle the audience 4. Arouse the Curiosity of the Audience 5. Question the audience 6. Begin with a quotation 7. Tell story
What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?
1. Summarize your speech 2. End with a quotation 3. Make a dramatic statement 4. Refer to the introduction
What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?
1. Use familiar words 2. Choose concrete words 3. Eliminate clutter
What are the 3 purposes of a speech of introduction? What guidelines should you follow in preparing such a speech?
3 purposes: 1. Build enthusiasm for upcoming speaker 2. build enthusiasm for the speaker's topic 3. establish a welcoming climate that will boost the speaker's credibility GUIDELINES: 1. be brief 2. make sure your remarks are completely accurate 3. adapt your remarks to the occasion 4. adapt your remarks to the main speaker 5. adapt your remarks to the audience 6. try to create a sense of anticipation and drama
What is a preview statement? Why should you nearly always include a preview statement in the introduction of your speech?
A preview statement is a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body; it will help listeners to sort out the speaker's ideas, provide a smooth lead-in to the body of the speech, and possibly cover specialized information that listeners will need to understand the rest of the speech
What is the difference between denotative and connotative meaning? How might you use each to convey your message most effectively?
Denotative: the literal/dictionary definition of a word. Denotation is precise, we use it in serious papers to give the exact meaning for reader's understanding. Connotative: the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase. This is used to convey emotion, getting readers more emotionally attached. It creates intensity and emotion. Enriches the meaning.
In what ways is public speaking likely to make a difference in your life?
Employers rank the ability to communicate effectively among the most important skill when interviewing college graduates
When organizing your introductory speech, you should divide it into what three sections?
Introduction, body, and conclusion
How is listening connected with critical thinking?
It enhances your skills as a critical thinker by actually working through what we hear.
Why is it important to establish your credibility at the beginning of your speech ?
It will allow your listeners to perceive you as qualified to give the speech
What does it mean to say you should use language appropriately in your speech?
Keep in mind the appropriateness to the: occasion, audience, topic, and speaker (in should make you comfortable)
What is the difference between hearing and listening?
Listening involves paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear. Hearing is simply the act of perceiving sound by ear.
What is the main theme of a speech of presentation? Depending on the audience and occasion, what two other themes might you include in such a speech?
Main theme: - tell the audience why the recipient is receiving the award 2 other themes: 1. If the audience is not familiar with the award, you should explain in briefly 2. If the award was won in a public competition and the audience knows who the losers are, you might take a moment to praise the losers
How is public speaking different from everyday conversation?
Public speaking is: -more highly structured -requires more formal language -requires a different method of delivery.
What method of delivery is recommend for your introductory speech?
Speaking extemporaneously; a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from an outline
Why is it important for a public speaker to use inclusive language? What four usages of inclusive language have become so widely accepted that no speaker can afford to ignore them?
Stupid political correctness... Language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors. The US is so diverse, we must respect everyone. 1. Avoid "He" say "he or she" 2. Avoid the use of "man" instead of mankind use human life 3. Avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender, instead of businessman, use businessperson 4. Use names that groups use to identify themselves, instead of saying homosexual say lesbians and gay men
What is ethnocentrism? Why do public speakers need to avoid ethnocentrism when addressing audiences with diverse backgrounds?
The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or culture. It leads to prejudice and hostility towards different racial, ethnic, religious, or cultural groups.
How does language help create our sense of reality?
Through language. Words give meaning to events. The words we use determine how we will respond to situations.
How can you control your nervousness and make it work for you in your speeches?
Transform it from a negative force into what experts call "positive nervousness", "Stage excitement," or "stage enthusiasm"
What are four criteria for using language effectively in your speeches?
Using language: accurately, clearly, vividly, and appropriately, abstract vs. concrete words, avoid clutter
How is public speaking similar to everyday conversation?
You: -organize your thought logically -tailor your message to your audience -tell a story for maximum impact -adapt to listener's feedback.
What methods can you use to adapt your speech to your audience before the speech? During the speech?
assessing how your audience is likely to respond to what you say, adjusting what you say to make it clear, appropriate, and convincing judging/assessing/fixing based on their feedback (reactions)
Monroe's motivated sequence
attention need satisfaction visualization action
What are the three major traits of a good acceptance speech?
brevity, humility, and graciousness
What is situational audience analysis? What factors do you need to consider in situational audience analysis?
identifies traits of the audience unique to the speaking situation at hand 1-size 2-physical setting 3-disposition towards the topic 4-speaker 5-occasion
Why is determining the specific purpose such an important early step in speech preparation? Why is it important to include the audience in the specific purpose statement?
it states precisely what the speaker hope to accomplish in the speech it helps keep the audience at the center of your attention as your prepare your speech
Why is it important to develop strong listening skills?
not having them means not having strong critical thinking skills
What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea of a speech? What are the 4 guidelines for an effective central idea?
one is what you hope to accomplish the other is what you expect to say to do so; think thesis statement 1-expressed in full sentences 2-not be in question form 3-avoid figurative language 4-not be vague or overly general
What is the fundamental purpose of a commemorative speech? Why does a successful commemorative speech depend so much on the creative and subtle of language?
purpose: to inspire your listeners.......... to arouse and heighten their appreciation of or admiration for the person, institution, or idea you are praising DEPENDS ON CREATIVE AND SUBTLE LANGUAGE BECAUSE: to become more meaningful and inspiring to listeners because of the use of language
What does it mean to say that people are egocentric? What implications does the egocentrism of audiences hold for you as a public speaker?
they view the world through a lenses make from their own culture or values they pay closest attention to messages that affect their own values, beliefs, and well-being
What are two ways you can signal the end of your speech?
through what you say..."In conclusion", "Let me end by saying" or other brief cues, or by your manner of delivery...build to the peak of interest and involvement by use of tone, rhythm, like a musical crescendo
Why must a public speaker be audience-centered?
to gain a desired response from listeners
What are the 2 general purposes of most classroom speeches? How do they differ?
to inform or to persuade one you act as a teacher or lecturer the other you act as an advocate or a partisan
What are the major functions of a speech conclusion?
to let the audience know you are ending the speech and to reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea
How can you get information about an audience?
using a questionnaire
Why is it normal-even desirable- to be nervous at the start of a speech?
your body is responding as it would to any stressful situation - by producing extra adrenaline.
