Public Speaking Midterm

All the ways you attempt to influence an audience is best known by the term: a. persuasion. b. performance. c. democracy. d. choices.

A. Persuasion

This crucial tool for creating a compelling communication experience combines the immediacy and power of a person speaking with the structure and clarity of a written text: a. delivery b. organization c. style d. persuasion

A. delivery

What is the Unity of democracy

An ideal form of public speaking is a democracy. So a good speak strives to reach democracy

The classifications that, in some cases, give a rough picture of important characteristics of the audience are known as ____________ characteristics. a. rhetorical b. demographic c. obvious d. literal

B. demographic

Choices Speakers have to make: (5)

Come up with content organize it choose words for it memorize it and the delvier it

Using language that takes one characteristic of a group and makes it the essence of that group is called:

Essentializing.

TF While the best communicators make choices about how to write and deliver a speech that are practically effective, rarely to they also have to worry about being ethically responsible.

False

The Latin words found on the dollar bill, "E pluribus unum" means "From many, one" and symbolizes the importance of the individual in a democracy. a. True b. False

False

According to your text, one of the biggest challenges of our times is to learn to speak in a way that:

Generates cooperation and insight and that avoids division and narrow-mindedness.

The purpose of a/n _________________is to allow the audience to listen knowledgeably for the important points you will make.

Introduction

How speaking Publicy differs from Everyday communicaton

Not only is public speaking communication but it's also a performance. It creates a more democratic unity between people

How to Choose a topic

Overlapping with your interest, audiences interest, and the occasion

Define plain folks appeal

Pretending to identify with the audience's (assumed) tendency to avoid complexity or unfamiliar ideas is a plain-folks appeal.

Why is public speaking important to democracy

Public speaking is necessary for a democracy because it allows the citizens to receive and to share information, it provides instruction to the citizens, it generates new ideas, and it allows the citizens to practice their professions/vocations.

What are the ethics in public speaking

The concept of the public allows us to differentiate public speaking form advertising and other forms of private and personal communication

What is the purpose of a speech?

The general purpose of a speech is to inform, persuade or entertain an audience.

Purpose of an informative speech

To inform your audience about a topic. Be being non-bias and not trying to persuade your audience.

Changes in the meaning of words and concepts that give them a new meaning is known by the term:

Tropes

Apathetic audiences don't care about a topic because they don't know that they should care about it. a. True b. False

True

TF Basic principles are the same for any speech, whether delivered on the floor of the Senate, the State of the Union Address, a business presentation or a talk at a local community group.

True

TF If a speaker relies too much on visual images or media in presentational aids, they are at risk of distracting their audience from what they want to say.

True

The Seven Principles of Ethical Public Speaking ultimately imply that public speaking should be about relationship and conversation. a. True b. False

True

The purpose/thesis statement should come after the first part of the introduction. a. True b. False

True

You text suggests that the term "public" refers to a group of people who share a common set of concerns. a. True b. False

True

Open communication means

When someone is willing to listen to someone's opinion that opposes them. Speaks Ehticallay

A/n ________________ is a way of organizing knowledge for both you and your audience, and is midway between your research and the speech that you will give. a. outline b. main point c. coordinate point d. visualization

a outline

All of the following are among the easy tips regarding answering audience questions except: a. Answer the question even if not on topic. b. Respond to all questions as friendly questions. c. You don't need to have all the answers. d. Answer questions, not speeches.

a. Answer the question even if not on topic.

All of the following are among the seven principles of ethical public speaking except: a. Be careful. b. Be honest . c. Be balanced. d. Be generous.

a. Be careful

Given in the first few sentences, the ________ for the speech basically lays out the relationship between speaker, audience, and topic. a. frame b. argument c. information d. message

a. Frame

According to the text, using narration in a speech which includes a specific theme to illustrate a general theme you would like to pursue is called the _______________ method. a. Sunday feature b. thesis c. inverted pyramid d. deduction paradigm

a. Sunday feature

Of the following statements, which is best described as a general topic? a. The benefits of eating locally. b. We should all emphasize local foods in our diets. c. We should all change our eating habits toward local food. d. Locally produced food is better for the audience.

a. The benefits of eating locally

Good communication is, by definition, responsive communication. a. True b. False

a. True

Action that presents a strong case for the perspective you hold or a change in belief or action you would like to lead your audience toward, while at the same time being open to giving other perspectives a fair hearing, is best known by the term: a. advocacy. b. argument. c. democracy. d. bias.

a. advocacy

____________ describes the clarity with which you pronounce the sounds in words and make them distinct and intelligible. a. Articulation b. Volume c. Inflection d. Speed

a. articulation

hinking about the beliefs, values, experiences, and motivations that characterize your audience is known as: a. audience analysis. b. audience responsiveness. c. audience demographics. d. audience awareness.

a. audience analysis.

If we have no other goal than to simply let our audience know what is on our minds, we are engaging in what type of communication? a. expressive b. responsive c. rhetorical d. persuasive

a. expressive

In a _____________ you often have information about the situation and its constraints, which reduces some of your choices, but you will still have to win your audience over. a. invited speaking situation b. business situation c. classroom situation d. public situation

a. invited speaking situation

Leaving your audience with an appropriate image or emotion as their final impression is called the: a. peroration. b. internal preview. c. review. d. thesis statement.

a. peroration.

All of the following are suggestions for effectively practicing your speech except: a. practice in front of a mirror. b. breathe, breathe, breathe. c. practice in front of an audience. d. practice making mistakes

a. practice in front of a mirror.

Within business speaking settings, a kind of informative speech that shares information, either to make sure everyone is informed or to help managers with ongoing decision making is known as a: a. presentation. b. town hall. c. sales pitch. d. forum.

a. presentation

he use of language and other wording choices you will make to achieve your goals has to do with what aspect of your speech? a. style b. persuasion c. organization d. delivery

a. style

What tool for choosing a rhetorical audience invites an audience to see your topic in a specific role that changes their perspective on a topic? a. the "as test" b. audience generalization c. the "who, what, when, where, and whys" of audience interaction d. demographic analysis

a. the "as test"

A one sentence summary of the topic and goal together is known as a: a. thesis statement. b. time constraint. c. presentation. d. general topic

a. thesis statement.

A public speaker who adjusts their topic and the presentation of their speech to their audience, is demonstrating____________:

adaptation

o adapt your speech to your audience, you should do all of the following except: a. Identify common interests b. Avoid commonly used words c. Work from common premises d. Be directive

b. Avoid commonly used words

____________ is an expression that substitutes a part for the whole, or a property of something for the thing itself. a. Simile b. Metonymy c. Metaphor d. Understatement

b. Metonymy

To decide which ethical choices to make in your speech, your text suggests you ask all of the following questions except: a. What expectations does this audience have of me? b. What expectations do I have of this audience? c. What is the best way I can cultivate a relationship with this audience in this context? d. What common goals and ideals can I reference when making my case?

b. What expectations do I have of this audience?

Which figure of contrast "puts opposites together" by creating a sentence with two contrasting or opposing parts? a. metaphor b. antithesis c. progression d. alliteration

b. antithesis

All of the following are suggestions for feeling confident while standing except: a. stand straight. b. avoid pacing. c. keep your chin up and shoulders down. d. settle your weight on both feet.

b. avoid pacing

Which type of delivery involves the speaker's reliance on limited notes to supply specific words and sentences? a. impromptu speaking b. extemporaneous speaking. c. speaking from manuscript d. speaking from memory

b. extemporaneous speaking.

Informative speaking is a neutral type of speech that just conveys information in an unbiased way. a. True b. False

b. false

onnecting a person, idea, or thing to an abstract concept is known as what type of appeal? a. card stacking. b. glittering generality. c. bandwagoning. d. name calling.

b. glittering generality

All of the following are ways to focus your topic except: a. geography or location. b. inclusion of all available evidence. c. audience interests. d. time frame.

b. inclusion of all available evidence.

_____________ refers to the emphasis you put on words that helps shape meaning for the listener. a. Volume b. Inflection c. Articulation d. Speed

b. inflection

According to your text, the concept of "public" in public speaking is important for all of the following reasons except: a. It reminds us that we're all members of a broader citizenry. b. It helps us to determine which speeches should be available for everyone to listen to free of charge. c. It reminds us that we have a responsibility to connect with the audience in an ethical way. d. It helps us to differentiate public speaking from advertising and other forms of private and personal communication.

b. it helps us to determine which speeches should be available for everyone to listen to free of charge.

The audience of marketing and advertising is best understood as the: a. educated audience. b. literal audience. c. rhetorical audience. d. motivated audience.

b. literal audience

Complete the following statement: _____________ is about convincing an audience based on their already existing beliefs and motivations of the audience, and _____________ is about changing the beliefs and motivations of the audience. a. marketing; audience analysis b. marketing; engagement c. engagement; audience analysis d. engagement; marketing

b. marketing; engagement

All of the following are purposes served by the use of tropes in a speech except: a. exaggeration. b. repetition. c. comparison. d. substitution.

b. repetition

According to your text, rhetoric requires all of the following except: a. a speaker. b. some means of recording that message. c. a listener. d. some means of sharing a message

b. some means of recording that message.

The preparation stage of a speech is comprised of the following two-parts: a. choose your topic and ask your friends what they think b. think about what you want to say and choose structure and content. c. choose your topic and think about how you might conduct research. d. think about your audience and choose what you're going to wear.

b. think about what you want to say and choose structure and content.

Helping audiences understand complex information by likening the topic to something the listener already understands is to use which tactic of explanation? a. breaking it down b. using analogies c. concrete details d. using examples

b. using analogies

Proper organization of your speech can do all of the following except: a. Help express your ideas more forcefully. b. Make the information more useful for your audience. c. Clarify what you are saying. d. Improve your ethos as a speaker.

c. Help express your ideas more forcefully.

Letting the audience know whether you have a personal motive, specific experience, or vested interest in your topic is an example of which principle of ethical public speaking? a. Be generous. b. Represent evidence responsibly. c. Be open. d. Be balanced.

c. be open

Intentionally misrepresenting, leaving out, or unfairly downplaying alternative perspectives shows ________ toward the topic. a. responsibility b. positivity c. bias d. advocacy

c. bias

Choosing to give your speech from prepared notes, as opposed to written out or memorized, is called __________ speaking. a. contemporaneous b. practical c. extemporaneous d. imprompt

c. extemporaneous

When language attempts to distract the listener through a charged formulation that distracts people from thinking critically, as opposed to letting the audience make a decision based upon the merits of the evidence, we call it: a. democratic. b. responsible. c. prejudicial. d. ethical.

c. prejudicial

Which type of delivery involves the speaker writing out the text of the speech and then reading it? a. extemporaneous speaking b. impromptu speaking c. speaking from manuscript d. speaking from memory

c. speaking from manuscript

As it relates to your topic, the _______________ is to fulfill a specific need for your audience. a. general goal b. occasion c. specific purpose d. thesis statement

c. specific purpose

A clear, one-sentence statement of your main point given early in the speech is known as a/n _____________. a. introduction b. preview c. thesis d. narration

c. thesis

According to your text, preparation means:

choosing the best way to present your message so, your audience will respond favorably.

Using evidence selectively to prove your point is known as what type of appeal? a. inappropriate testimonial b. name calling c. bandwagoning d. card stacking

d. Card stacking

All of the following are drawbacks of deceptive speech except: a. Making unethical choices in public speaking can become a habit that damages your character. b. Deceptive speech can damage your credibility. c. Deceptive speech practices can induce your audience to act on or believe in things that are untrue. d. Deceptive speech practices can make speech preparation more difficult.

d. Deceptive speech practices can make speech preparation more difficult.

"When the going gets tough, the tough get going" is an example of: a. Grammatical repetition b. Progression c. Simple-Reverse Antithesis d. Double-Reverse Antithesis

d. Double-Reverse Antithesis

Which effective strategy for dealing with speaking anxiety involves realizing the audience sees a speaker who would like to do a good job giving a speech, and who is attempting to impart useful information to them? a. Learn to see the bigger picture. b. Recognize that nerves make you a better speaker. c. Act "as if." d. Keep in mind that you don't look as nervous as you feel.

d. Keep in mind that you don't look as nervous as you feel.

According to the text, all of the following are principles to keep in mind as you compose your speech except: a. The facts don't speak for themselves. b. Relevance matters. c. Clarity is the result of choices. d. Statistics don't lie.

d. Statistics don't lie.

Rhetoric is best understood as: a. empty talk. b. a long, very wordy speech. c. an obsolete field of study from ancient Greece. d. a form of action that motivates change.

d. a form of action that motivates change.

A ___________ is a group of people who share a common set of interests because they perceive a common problem. a. public b. divided audience c. marketing demographic d. community

d. community

The primary aim of informative speaking is to: a. provide an argument for change. b. move the audience to action. c. deliver a humorous speech. d. deliver information impartially.

d. deliver information impartially. Hide

The Greek term _________ means both "character" and "habit." a. logos b. kronos c. pathos d. ethos

d. ethos

Speaking ______________ gives the appearance of spontaneity, and because it's close to acting it's the mode of performance farthest from daily conversation. a. from manuscript b. off the top of your head c. limited notes d. from memory

d. from memory

The kind of communication act you would like to accomplish with the audience in giving the speech is best known as a/an: a. abstract claim. b. thesis. c. general topic. d. general purpose.

d. general purpose

According to the text, all of the following are useful questions or strategies for topic selection except: a. What do you already know or care about? b. Speaking to a librarian at your school. c. What do you want to know more about? d. Picking out of a hat.

d. picking out of a hat

A _____________ is the thumbnail outline of the speech, a roadmap to help both you and your listeners stay on track. a. conclusion b. transition c. thesis d. preview

d. preview

In terms of choosing the order of points, _____________ means putting your strongest arguments first, while ___________ means putting them last so the audience is more likely to remember them. a. relevancy; relational b. recency; primacy c. relational; relevancy d. primacy; recency

d. primacy; recency

Which pattern organizes points by location in space? a. topical b. problem/solution c. chronological d. spatial

d. spatial

One of the best ways to achieve clarity in your informative speech is to: a. present indirect claims. b. present long lists of facts. c. use complex sentences. d. use simple, short, and direct sentences.

d. use simple, short, and direct sentences.

Which pattern of organization divides the speech into points that have no pattern other than their relationship to the topic? a. spatial b. problem/solution c. chronological d. topical

d.topical

A public speaker who carefully verifies the persuasive facts they plan to present to their audience is demonstrating the ________dimension of public speaking.

ethical

Changes in structure of a phrase, or a sentence that lends an ear-catching quality is known by the term:

figures

According to your text, what is the minimum number of times you should practice a speech?

four times

Which type of informative speech topic involves talking about an abstract concept, such as freedom, morality, courage, or gender? a. object or event b. process c. people d. idea

idea

what is the group of people sitting in front of you, as you begin to speak; they can be described in demographic categories.

literal audience

What type of figure uses repetition and direction to create a sense of movement and draw the listener toward a conclusion?

progression

What the literal audience can become when you convince the members to think or act differently.

rhetorical audience

According to your text, communication in the context of democracy aims to

solve problems

An appeal is an attempt to influence an audience. a. True b. False

true

Progression uses repetition to create a sense of movement. a. True b. False

true

The fragmentation of the audience that results from focusing on demographic information makes it difficult to make good choices about how to engage with your audience. a. True b. False

true

Your speech should ideally have just two or three main points. a. True b. False

true.