PVN 106CR EAQ HW Antimicrobials
A client with gastric ulcer disease asks the nurse why the health care provider has prescribed metronidazole (Flagyl). What does the nurse explain?
"Antibiotics are prescribed to treat Helicobacter pylori infection." Approximately two thirds of clients with peptic ulcer disease are found to have Helicobacter pylori infecting the mucosa and interfering with its protective function.
A client with tuberculosis asks the nurse why vitamin B 6 is given with isoniazid. What explanation should the nurse provide?
"Isoniazid interferes with the synthesis of this vitamin." INH often leads to vitamin B 6 deficiency because it competes with the vitamin for the same enzyme
Tuberculosis is confirmed and isoniazid, rifampin, and pyridoxine are prescribed for a client. The client says, "I've never had to take so many medicines for an infection before." What is the nurse's best reply?
"This type of organism is difficult to destroy." Organism mutation commonly results in drug resistance when treatment is inadequate.
A 7-year-old child contracts a urinary tract infection. A sulfonamide preparation is prescribed. What is the priority nursing responsibility when the nurse is administering this drug?
Administering the drug at the prescribed times. For the desired blood level to be maintained, the medication must be administered in the exact amount at the times directed. If the blood level of the drug falls, the microorganisms have an opportunity to build resistance to the drug.
The chemotherapy protocol prescribed for a client with tuberculosis includes vitamin B6 and isoniazid. What does the nurse identify as the reason for prescribing vitamin B6?
Counteract the peripheral neuritis that isoniazid may cause It counters the side effects of isoniazid; it does not act to enhance its action.
A client with hepatic cirrhosis develops hepatic encephalopathy. Neomycin sulfate (Mycifradin) is prescribed. The nurse concludes that the purpose of neomycin is to do what?
Diminish the blood ammonia level Neomycin sulfate reduces bacterial activity on blood and wastes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, thereby reducing the level of blood ammonia, a byproduct of protein metabolism; hepatic encephalopathy is a result of elevated ammonia levels in the blood.
A client is receiving antibiotics and antifungal medications for the treatment of a recurring vaginal infection. What should the nurse encourage the client to do to compensate for the effect of these medications?
Eat yogurt with active cultures daily Yogurt contains Lactobacillus acidophilus, which replaces the intestinal flora destroyed by antibiotics.
After receiving streptomycin sulfate for 2 weeks as part of the medical regimen for tuberculosis, the client states, "I feel dizzy and I can't hear as well as usual." The nurse withholds the drug and promptly reports the problem to the healthcare provider. Which part of the body does the nurse determine is being affected as indicated by the symptom reported by the client?
Eighth cranial nerve's vestibular branch Streptomycin sulfate is ototoxic and may cause damage to auditory and vestibular portions of the eighth cranial nerve.
The nurse reviews a client's medication history, which includes a cholinergic medication. The client states, "I take that for some kind of urinary problem." The nurse recalls that cholinergic medications are prescribed primarily for what type of urinary condition?
Flaccid bladder. Cholinergics intensify and prolong the action of acetylcholine, which increases the tone in the genitourinary tract, preventing urinary retention.
A client is started on tetracycline antibiotic therapy. What should the nurse do when administering this drug?
Give the medication an hour before milk products are ingested. Any product containing aluminum, magnesium, or calcium ions should not be taken in the hour before or after an oral dose of tetracyclines (with the exception of doxycycline) because it decreases absorption by as much as 25% to 50%.
A client will be taking nitrofurantoin 50 mg orally every evening at home to manage recurrent urinary tract infections. What instructions should the nurse give to the client?
Increase the intake of fluids. To prevent crystal formation, the client should have sufficient intake to produce 1000 to 1500 mL of urine daily while taking this drug.
A client is receiving penicillin G and probenecid for syphilis. What rationale should the nurse give for the need to take these two drugs?
Probenecid delays excretion of penicillin, thus maintaining blood levels for longer periods. Probenecid results in better use of penicillin by delaying the excretion of penicillin through the kidneys.
A nurse administers trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) to a client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. What should the nurse monitor to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug?
White blood cell (WBC) count. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole blocks two consecutive steps in the bacterial synthesis of essential nucleic acids and protein; resolution of infection is reflected by a WBC in the expected range.
