PY 205

____________ can be thought of as the process of seeing a meaningful connection between two ideas that appear to be unrelated to each other

Apophenia

Descriptive statistic is to inferential statistic as ________ is to ________.

C. sample; population

The Belmont report applies to both research and practice

False

Applied research can be either field or laboratory research

True

field research is more apt to occur in naturalistic environment than lab research

True

operation definition may apply to both the independent and dependent variables

True

Five children are tested for IQ. For which sets of scores will the median and the mode both be the same?

a. 110, 150, 100, 110, 115

anxiety is not observed directly but is inferred from certain behaviors. that is, anxiety is an example of

a. a construct

suppose there are 100 studies that failed to demonstrate an effect of gender on false memories, but 8 studies that showed a gender difference. on may conclude from reading the....

a. a phenomenon called a file drawer effect

Qualitative research is to quantitative research as ________ is to ________.

a. analytic narrative; inferential analysis

The studies by Cherry and Broadbent, using dichotic listening, are examples of:

a. basic research on attention

According to Popper, science proceeds by

a. creating theories and trying to falsify them

Compared to field research, what is an advantage of laboratory research?

a. ease of obtaining informed consent

which of the following research studies is most obviously an example of applied research?

a. how far apart should the brake and gas peddle of a car be to obtain the best braking times?

which of the following is true of the studies done by Bushman and Anderson (which evaluated exposure to violence and helping behavior?)

a. it combined both laboratory and field research in a series of experiments

a prediction is made from a theory and the results are just as predicted, what can be concluded about the theory

a. it has been inductively supported

in a study examining gender differences in verbal fluency, the null hypothesis is that

a. males and females preform equally

classification is the major purpose of a(n)_______ scale of measurement

a. nominal

a test with a minimum amount of measurement error is said to be

a. reliable

in a sequence of trails, an infant looks at a stimulus for 10 seconds, then 8, then 6, then 4. On the next trail, the infant looks 12 seconds. What has occurred on this last trial?

a. the infant has noticed a change in the stimulus

Hypotheses are derived from theories through the process of

b. deduction

in the statement "the free field activity of rats with drug does of 0, 3, 6 and 9 mg was tested" field activity is the independent variable

b. false

a test might not appear to be a good test of native intelligence and yet it might do a very god job of predicting how well someone does in school. that is, this test

b. has criterion validity but not face validity

a prediction is made from a theory and the results are just as predicted. What can be concluded about the theory?

b. it has been inductively supported

According to Pasteur, "chance favors the prepared mind." Thus, creative breakthroughs in physics are most likely to be made by

b. physicists

according to Pasteur, "chances favors the prepared mind." Thus, creative breakthroughs in physics are most likely to be made by

b. physicists

mundane realism

b. refers to the experimental context looking like real life

normally, which of the following outcomes is most desired by the researcher?

b. reject Ho; Ho is false

in the original cognitive dissonance theory, it was said that dissonance develops as a result of experiencing contradictory thoughts. This "dissonance" is an example of

b. simultaneously experiencing contradictory thoughts?

the idea for Zeigarnik's study on the forgetting of completed tasks came from

b. the observation of an everyday event in a restaurant

what is the advantage of using operational definitions?

b. they facilitate replication

After completing their laboratory experiment on exposure to violent video games, why did Bushman and Anderson complete a field experiment on the exposure to violence and helping behavior?

b. they wanted to see if the results of their first experiment would generalize to everyday situations

suppose a child in Kim and Spelke's habituation experiment showed a gradual decrease in looking time when shown ten examples of balls rolling down a plane while accelerating. The child then sees (trial 11) a ball rolling down a plane while decelerating. if the child has grasped the concept of gravity, what will happen to the behavior?

b. they will look longer on trial 11 then on trial 10

Knowing the standard deviation of a set of scores, it is possible to calculate

b. variance

all of the following are examples of ratio scale measurements except

c. GPA

in a "Gee Whiz" graph

c. apparent difference are exaggerated by failing to label the y-axis appropriately

participants are asked to memorize three different lists of words. the lists are presented at three different presentation speeds. how would you classify the study?

c. basic research

empirical questions must

c. both a. and b. (be answerable with data AND include terms that can be operationally defined)

compared to laboratory research which of the following is true

c. both informed consent and debriefing are easier?

Two researchers with two completely different operational definitions for aggression nonetheless produce the same result -- frustration leads to aggression. This outcome is referred to as

c. converging operations

a researcher uses some of the same procedures in her method as in a previous study, but she adds a new variable to be tested. What as she does?

c. did a conceptual replication of previous study

operational definitions

c. force researchers to be clear about defining the terms of their studies

A graph in which each vertical bar corresponds to the frequency of some score is called a

c. histogram

psychologists generally assume that most personality and IQ tests use a(n) ______ scale

c. interval

a researcher uses some of the same procedures in her method as in a previous study, but she adds a new variable to be tested. what has she done?

c. partially replicated the previous study

on the "connectedness to nature" scale, convergent validity was established when it was found that a correlation existed between scores on the scale and

c. scores on the NEP test

when is a theory discarded

c. when empirical results constantly fail to support it

a researcher is measuring aggression. which of the following is most clearly inadequate as an operational definition of the term?

c.attempting to harm someone

Which of the following would be an example of a research project began as the result of serendipitous event?

d. A has an equipment failure and notices some unusual behavior that leads to a series of studies

two researchers with two completely diffident operational definitions for aggression nonetheless produce the same result -- frustration leads to aggression. this outcome is referred to as

d. converging operations

hypotheses are derived from theories through the process of

d. deduction

magazine surveys about your mental health

d. have face validity but not construct validity

in amaze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following is true?

d. if wild rats are really better, but the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis, then a Type 2 error has occurred

in the mental rotation studies, Shepard and Metzler predicted that

d. participants would take more time with a 60* rotation then with a 30* rotation

If an IQ test is reliable and a child scores 115, what is known?

d. the person has a higher IQ than someone who scores 95

a set of data has a mean of 12 and a 95% confidence interval of 10-14. what does this mean?

d. you can be quite sure that the population mean fall somewhere between 10 and 14

basic research is always more valuable than field research

false

the power of a statistical analysis refers to

the chances of rejecting the false null hypothesis

Which of the following is the best example of an operational definition?

the time between the person's pencil first touching the paper and the participant saying done?

which of the following statements is accurate?

theory serves to explain facts