Quiz 1 Cultural anthropology
Fable
A fable becomes a tradition by being retold and accepted by others in the community. Different cultures have very similar stories sharing common themes.
AAA Code of Ethics Principles
Do no harm those you are studyingBe open and honest regarding your work. Obtain informed consent and necessary permissionsEnsure the vulnerable populations in Every study are protected from competing ethical obligationsMake your results accessible (let the locals see it) (publish your findings in the form of an ethnography)Protect and preserve your recordsMaintain respectful and ethical professional relationships
Ethics in describing other cultures
Tell the stories of the natives as they tell them. •That anthropologists get rid of their own cultural biases against cultures or that culture in particular
urban anthropology
The branch concerned with the sociocultural patterns, organization, and meanings of everyday life in cities. subsumed by the broader shift towards globalization.
Stories
They are for entertainment-discuss problems encountered in life. - are a form of cultural preservation- a way to communicate morals or values to the next generation. - a means of social control over certain activities or customs that are not allowed in a society.
Arm-chair anthropology
Viewing a culture from a distance (as from an armchair), which makes the observer measure that culture from his or her own vantage point and draw comparisons that place the observer/anthropologist's culture as superior to the one being studied.
Culture
a set of beliefs, practices and symbols that are learned and shared. They bind people together and shape world view and lifeways
Qualitative methods
aim to produce an indepth and detailed description of social behaviors and beliefs.The ethnographic method, which involves prolonged and intensive observation of and participation in the life of a community.The comparative method/ethnology allows anthropologists to derive insights from careful comparisons of two or more cultures or societies.
Functionalism
an approach to anthropology developed in British anthropology that emphasized the way that parts of a society work together to support the functioning of the whole. Functionalism views cultures as stable and orderly and ignores or cannot explain social change.
Coercive Harmony
an approach to dispute resolution that emphasizes compromise and consensus rather than confrontation and results in the marginalization of dissent (harmony ideology) and the repression of demands for justice.
Diversity in Anthropological field sites
anywhere where there is a community exhibiting shared and conflicting interests and part of a culture some of which shows the dominant trends of that group and community and some that shows its dissent
Tylor's method of classifying cultures based on social evolutionism
believed that peoples in different locations were equally capable of developing and progressing through the stages.culture evolved from the simple to the complex, and that all societies passed through the three basic stages of development suggested by Montesquieu: from savagery through barbarism to civilization.
quantitative methods
classify features of a phenomenon, count or measure them, and construct mathematical and statistical models to explain what is observed.
Political economy
contextualizes the world as an open system
Subfields of Anthropology
cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology
Culture and Personality
culture affects individuals psychologically, shaping individual personality traits and leading the members of a culture to exhibit similar traits such as a tendency toward aggression, or calmness.
Social evolutionism
dividing the ethnological record into evolutionary stages ranging from primitive to civilized was
The Concept of Other in Anthropology
has been used to describe people whose customs, beliefs, or behaviors are different from one's own
Enculturation
he process of learning the characteristics and expectations of a culture or group
Harmony Ideology
healthy society is one that achieves harmony between people and minimizes conflict and confrontation
FEAR
is a cultural construction created in a variety of ways in people to solicit loyalty from them in the form of aggression and hate
Human Diversity
multiplicity and variety in being human around the world
Change
new topics, issues, and problems emerge means more for anthropologist to study
Ethics in Anthropological Fieldwork
primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to the people, species, or artifacts they study.
Plasticity
refers to the human capacity to learn any language or culture....founding father of American anthropology was German-born Franz Boas who assessment was that all homo sapiens had this plasticity
Holism
taking a broad view of the historical, environmental, and cultural foundations of behavior.
Globalization
the idea that we have become a society so connected by various aspects of our respective cultures, that in some sense, we have become one large society.
Cultural Relativism
the idea that we should seek to understand another person's beliefs and behaviors from the perspective of their own culture and not our own.
Ethnocentrism
the tendency to view one's own culture as most important and correct and as the stick by which to measure all other cultures.
Going native
to become fully integrated into a cultural group.
Participant-observation
type of observation in which the anthropologist observes while participating in the same activities in which her informants are engaged.
