quiz #1 med/surg 2

The nurse is caring for a client with multiple organ failure and in metabolic acidosis. Which pair of organs is responsible for regulatory processes and compensation?

lungs and kidneys

diahrea causes what kind of electrolyte balance

metabolic acidosis

The nurse is caring for four clients on a medical unit. The nurse is most correct to review which client's laboratory reports first for an electrolyte imbalance? A 7-year-old with a fracture tibia A 65-year-old with a myocardial infarction A 52-year-old with diarrhea A 72-year-old with a total knee repair

52 Y/O with diahrea

The calcium concentration in the blood is regulated by which mechanism? Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Thyroid hormone (TH) Adrenal gland Androgens

PTH

A nurse is caring for a client in acute renal failure. The nurse should expect hypertonic glucose, insulin infusions, and sodium bicarbonate to be used to treat:

hyperkalemia

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of fluid volume excess (FVE)? Select all that apply

Distended neck veins Crackles in the lung fields Shortness of breath

a client has been diagnosed with intestinal obtruction and has a NG tube set to low continous suction. which acid base disturbace is this client at risk for?

metabolic alkalosis

myasthenia gravis causes what kind of electrolyte balance

respiratory acidosis

A client with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps and distention is admitted to the health care facility. Which test result is most significant? Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 29 mg/dl Serum sodium level of 132 mEq/L Urine specific gravity of 1.025 Serum potassium level of 3 mEq/L

Serum potassium level of 3 mEq/L

A patient is admitted with severe vomiting for 24 hours as well as weakness and "feeling exhausted." The nurse observes flat T waves and ST-segment depression on the electrocardiogram. Which potassium level does the nurse observe when the laboratory studies are complete? 4.0 mEq/L 8.0 mEq/L 2.0 mEq/L 2.6 mEq/L

2.0

A client presents with anorexia, nausea and vomiting, deep bone pain, and constipation. The following are the client's laboratory values. Na + 130 mEq/L K + 4.6 mEq/L Cl - 94 mEq/L Mg ++ 2.8 mg/dL Ca ++ 13 mg/dl

Hypercalcemia

The nurse is conducting a lecture on the difference between hypovolemia and dehydration. When completing a verbal comparison, which point needs clarified?

In dehydration, only extracellular is depleted.

A nurse caring for a patient with metabolic alkalosis knows to assess for the primary, compensatory mechanism of:

Increases PaCO2

A nurse is assessing a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Which finding requires further action? a) Tetanic contractions b) Polyuria c) Jugular vein distention d) Weight loss

Jugular vein distention

A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?Nausea or vomiting Abdominal pain or diarrhea Hallucinations or tinnitus Light-headedness or paresthesia

Light-headedness or paresthesia

A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should anticipate which laboratory test result?

Serum sodium level of 124 mEq/L

A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse informs the client that the physician will order diuretic therapy and restrict fluid and sodium intake to treat the disorder. If the client doesn't comply with the recommended treatment, which complication may arise? Cerebral edema Hypovolemic shock Severe hyperkalemia Tetany

cerebral edema

Your client's lab values are sodium 166 mEq/L, potassium 5.0 mEq/L, chloride 115 mEq/L, and bicarbonate 35 mEq/L. What condition is this client likely to have, judging by anion gap?

Metabolic acidosis

What does the nurse recognize as one of the best indicators of the patient's renal function? Blood urea nitrogen Serum creatinine Specific gravity Urine osmolality

serum creatine

Which of the following is a factor affecting an increase in urine osmolality? Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH) Alkalosis Fluid volume excess Myocardial infarction

SIDH

To compensate for decreased fluid volume (hypovolemia), the nurse can anticipate which response by the body?

Tachycardia

Which of the following electrolyte imbalances occur with adrenal insufficiency? Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Hypernatremia

hyperkalemia

A client was admitted to the hospital unit after 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. The client's spouse became alarmed when the client demonstrated confusion and elevated temperature, and reported "dry mouth." The nurse suspects the client is experiencing which condition?

dehydration

A physician orders regular insulin 10 units I.V. along with 50 ml of dextrose 50% for a client with acute renal failure. What electrolyte imbalance is this client most likely experiencing? Hypercalcemia Hypernatremia Hyperglycemia Hyperkalemia

hyperkalemia

An elderly client takes 40 mg of Lasix twice a day. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most serious adverse effect of diuretic use? Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hypernatremia Hypophosphatemia`

hypokalemia

You are caring for a 72-year-old client who has been admitted to your unit for a fluid volume imbalance. You know which of the following is the most common fluid imbalance in older adults? Hypovolemia Dehydration Hypervolemia Fluid volume excess

Dehydration

Which could be a potential cause of respiratory acidosis? Vomiting Hypoventilation Diarrhea Hypoventilatio

Hypoventilation

A patient has been involved in a traumatic accident and is hemorrhaging from multiple sites. The nurse expects that the compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemia would cause what clinical manifestations? (Select all that apply.) Hypertension Oliguria Tachycardia Bradycardia Tachypnea

Oliguria Tachycardia Tachypnea

The nurse is analyzing the electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm tracing of a client experiencing hypercalcemia. Which ECG change is typically associated with this electrolyte imbalance? Prolonged PR intervals Prolonged QT intervals Peaked T waves Elevated ST segment

Prolonged PR intervals

A nurse is caring for a client admitted with a diagnosis of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes the client has severely depressed respirations. The nurse would expect to identify which acid-base disturbance?

Respiratory acidosis

A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Laboratory results reveal serum sodium level 130 mEq/L and urine specific gravity 1.030. Which nursing intervention helps prevent complications associated with SIADH?

Restricting fluids to 800 ml/day