Quiz 3: Theories and Causes

In the study discussed in the video, of those young children who demonstrated the ability to delay gratification (i.e., they waited to eat the marshmallow), what percent were successful as young adults (i.e., good grades, happy, good relationships)?

100%

Smarter parents both pass along genes for being smart as well as provide a more stimulating environment for their children. This is an example of:

Passive gene-environment correlation

Infants that explore the environment with little affective interaction with the caregiver are likely to have a(n) ____ attachment pattern.

anxious-avoidant

The role that a child's primary caretaker has in terms of that child's brain development is crucial, since those early experiences form the part of the brain that is responsible for their__.

emotion, personality, and behavior

_____ theorists argue that a child's behavior can only be understood in terms of relationships with others.

family systems

Brendan is considered by his caregivers as a "slow-to-warm-up child," who is cautious in approaching novel or challenging situations. Which of the following would describe Brendan's temperament?

fearful or inhibited

The _________ lobes contain the functions underlying much of our thinking and reasoning abilities.

frontal

Which statement about our genetic makeup is false?

genes determine behavior

Genetic make-up that is inherited from biological parents is called:

genotype

Many family therapists find that families want to maintain the same patterns of behavior, even when the behavior is troubling. The family's tendency to stay the same is known as:

homeostasis

Which term describes a child's model of relationships in terms of what the child expects from others and how the child relates to others?

internal working model

Which of the following is one of the functions of the brain stem?

maintaining breathing, heart rate, digestion, and swallowing

An integrative approach to the psychopathology of a child means that

many theories and concepts can be used to explain behaviors

In Ecological Systems Theory (sometimes just called the Ecological Theory) which "system" is involved when a parent responds to living in an unsafe environment by setting more strict rules for their young teenage child?

mesosystem

Which of the following show the highest degree of similar genetic material?

monozygotic twins

When parents take away their attention as they place their child in time-out (i.e., sit in a corner for 3-5 minutes on their own) because they have been throwing a temper tantrum, the parents are using the operant principle of:

negative punishment

Cindy has recently been diagnosed with anorexia. From a biological perspective, which neurotransmitter plays a role in eating disorders?

serotonin

Temperament ____.

shapes a child's approach to the environment and vice versa

____ has been implicated in several psychological disorders, especially those connected to a person's response to stress and ability to regulate emotions.

the HPA axis

In the diathesis-stress model demonstration video, what did the bread represent?

the diathesis (i.e., genetic predisposition)