QUIZ #5: A&P/Integumentary

List the various functions of the integumentary system. (Select all that apply) (7)

1. acts as a mechanical and chemical barrier 2. protects internal structures/organs from injuries 3. participates in the immune response against invading microbes (dendritic/langerhans cells) 4. excretory function 5. acts as a gland (synthesizes vitamin D) 6. houses sensory receptors 7. important role in regulating body temp.

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

affords protection for the entire body

Where is the sternal area located in the human body?

center of the chest

What is the main function of the system responsible for circulating blood throughout the body?

circulatory system pumps (heart) and transports (vessels) blood throughout the body carries nutrients and oxygen to body's cells and carries waste away from the cells to the organs of excretion

What actions should a nurse take to prevent skin breakdown in a client with urinary incontinence?

cleaning and drying after they urinate

What condition results from chronic poor oxygenation of the nail and fingertip?

clubbing

What is the primary role of the immune system?

defense system protects body from pathogens, allergens, and some of our own cells that have gone awry (cancer cells)

Explain the orientation and division created by the frontal plane in the body.

divides body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) creates front and back part of the body aka coronal plane

What is the priority action when collecting data about a new skin lesion in a client?

document their size, shape, color, pattern, and location and any presence of exudate

Which system is primarily involved in secreting hormones that regulate activities such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance?

endocrine system

Identify the accessory structures associated with the skin. (Select all that apply)

hair nails glands (sebaceous, sudoriferous, apocrine, eccrine, ceruminous)

What term describes a bruise or a collection of clotted blood under the skin?

hematoma

What term is used to describe the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions?

homeostasis

Which skin condition can indicate liver disease due to bilirubin accumulation?

jaundice

Describe how a sagittal plane divides the human body.

lengthwise into right and left portions

How does the lymphatic system assist in body defenses alongside the immune system?

lymph and lymphatic vessels play important role in fluid balance defends body against pathogens and other foreign material

What plane divides the body into equal right and left portions?

midsagittal plane

Which body system is tasked with moving the skeleton and maintaining posture?

muscular system

Name the system that encompasses the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs.

nervous system

What is the primary cause of non-melanoma skin cancer, as identified in health education?

non-melanomas are neoplasms that arise from epi tissue and most commonly occur on sun-exposed areas of the body over exposure to UV lights

Where should a nurse check for reliable indicators of cyanosis in a client with asthma showing signs of central cyanosis?

oral mucosa

What is the purpose of the digestive system, especially in relation to food processing and waste elimination?

organs ingest food and break it down into substances that can be absorbed by the body food not absorbed = waste

Describe the main function of the respiratory system, focusing on gas exchange. (3 steps)

oxygen-rich air moves into lungs oxygen is picked up by the blood and distributed throughout body CO2-rich air moves out of lungs thereby ridding body of waste

What is the front of the knee (over the knee cap) called?

patella

What common factor links the terms pathology, pathogen, and pathophysiology?

pertaining to disease

In anatomical terminology, what is the opposite term to 'distal'?

proximal

Define the terms pyrexia, antipyretic, and pyrogenic.

pyrexia: fever antipyretic: fever lowering drug pyrogenic: pyrogenic cytokines (secreted by pathogens) increase the hypothalamic set point (induces heat) (production/generation of pus)

In a client with partial-thickness and full-thickness burns of the head, neck, and chest, what should be the nurse's priority concern?

rule of nines evaluate the depth and extent of the burn injury head and neck = 9% chest = 9% page 107

What is the term for the process of generating heat through physiological means, like shivering?

shivering thermogenesis heat production

Identify the system responsible for forming the body's basic structure and playing a key role in protecting and supporting body organs.

skeletal system

Describe the location of the mediastinum relative to the diaphragm.

superior to the diaphragm

How should a nurse assess a client's skin turgor?

turgor = elasticity of the skin grasp and raise skin between two fingers to make sure there is good skin turgor decreases skin turgor: results from dehydration manifested by lax skin that when grasped, slowly turns to its previous position (skin tenting) increased skin turgor: results from marked edema manifested by smooth, taut, shiny skin that cannot be grasped and raised

Name the layers that are part of the integumentary system. (Select all that apply)

Epidermis (stratum germinativum and stratum corneum) Dermis Hypodermis (subcutaneous)