QUIZ #5: A&P/Integumentary
List the various functions of the integumentary system. (Select all that apply) (7)
1. acts as a mechanical and chemical barrier 2. protects internal structures/organs from injuries 3. participates in the immune response against invading microbes (dendritic/langerhans cells) 4. excretory function 5. acts as a gland (synthesizes vitamin D) 6. houses sensory receptors 7. important role in regulating body temp.
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
affords protection for the entire body
Where is the sternal area located in the human body?
center of the chest
What is the main function of the system responsible for circulating blood throughout the body?
circulatory system pumps (heart) and transports (vessels) blood throughout the body carries nutrients and oxygen to body's cells and carries waste away from the cells to the organs of excretion
What actions should a nurse take to prevent skin breakdown in a client with urinary incontinence?
cleaning and drying after they urinate
What condition results from chronic poor oxygenation of the nail and fingertip?
clubbing
What is the primary role of the immune system?
defense system protects body from pathogens, allergens, and some of our own cells that have gone awry (cancer cells)
Explain the orientation and division created by the frontal plane in the body.
divides body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) creates front and back part of the body aka coronal plane
What is the priority action when collecting data about a new skin lesion in a client?
document their size, shape, color, pattern, and location and any presence of exudate
Which system is primarily involved in secreting hormones that regulate activities such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance?
endocrine system
Identify the accessory structures associated with the skin. (Select all that apply)
hair nails glands (sebaceous, sudoriferous, apocrine, eccrine, ceruminous)
What term describes a bruise or a collection of clotted blood under the skin?
hematoma
What term is used to describe the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions?
homeostasis
Which skin condition can indicate liver disease due to bilirubin accumulation?
jaundice
Describe how a sagittal plane divides the human body.
lengthwise into right and left portions
How does the lymphatic system assist in body defenses alongside the immune system?
lymph and lymphatic vessels play important role in fluid balance defends body against pathogens and other foreign material
What plane divides the body into equal right and left portions?
midsagittal plane
Which body system is tasked with moving the skeleton and maintaining posture?
muscular system
Name the system that encompasses the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs.
nervous system
What is the primary cause of non-melanoma skin cancer, as identified in health education?
non-melanomas are neoplasms that arise from epi tissue and most commonly occur on sun-exposed areas of the body over exposure to UV lights
Where should a nurse check for reliable indicators of cyanosis in a client with asthma showing signs of central cyanosis?
oral mucosa
What is the purpose of the digestive system, especially in relation to food processing and waste elimination?
organs ingest food and break it down into substances that can be absorbed by the body food not absorbed = waste
Describe the main function of the respiratory system, focusing on gas exchange. (3 steps)
oxygen-rich air moves into lungs oxygen is picked up by the blood and distributed throughout body CO2-rich air moves out of lungs thereby ridding body of waste
What is the front of the knee (over the knee cap) called?
patella
What common factor links the terms pathology, pathogen, and pathophysiology?
pertaining to disease
In anatomical terminology, what is the opposite term to 'distal'?
proximal
Define the terms pyrexia, antipyretic, and pyrogenic.
pyrexia: fever antipyretic: fever lowering drug pyrogenic: pyrogenic cytokines (secreted by pathogens) increase the hypothalamic set point (induces heat) (production/generation of pus)
In a client with partial-thickness and full-thickness burns of the head, neck, and chest, what should be the nurse's priority concern?
rule of nines evaluate the depth and extent of the burn injury head and neck = 9% chest = 9% page 107
What is the term for the process of generating heat through physiological means, like shivering?
shivering thermogenesis heat production
Identify the system responsible for forming the body's basic structure and playing a key role in protecting and supporting body organs.
skeletal system
Describe the location of the mediastinum relative to the diaphragm.
superior to the diaphragm
How should a nurse assess a client's skin turgor?
turgor = elasticity of the skin grasp and raise skin between two fingers to make sure there is good skin turgor decreases skin turgor: results from dehydration manifested by lax skin that when grasped, slowly turns to its previous position (skin tenting) increased skin turgor: results from marked edema manifested by smooth, taut, shiny skin that cannot be grasped and raised
Name the layers that are part of the integumentary system. (Select all that apply)
Epidermis (stratum germinativum and stratum corneum) Dermis Hypodermis (subcutaneous)