quiz 5
Among the scurrilous accusations made against Empress Wu was that she had:
Murdered her child in her quest to achieve political power.
With a professional army of more than 1.5 million men, the Song emperors:
Nevertheless found it difficult to overpower invading nomadic groups.
The unification of various Mongol groups under ________, also known as Genghis Khan, led a steady invasion on China which, under his grandson Khubilai Khan, would ultimately bring an end to the Song Dynasty.
Temujin
Growing to a city of 30,000 inhabitants by the seventh century, Wari enlarged its agricultural base through the expansion of __________.
Terrace farming
All of the problems below began disturbing Roman Catholic laypeople and some clergy from the later 15th century onward, EXCEPT:
The Church's high taxation of peasants
The problems identified in the textbook as leading to the deterioration of the late Mayan states included all of the following EXCEPT:
The area experienced uncontrollable population growth, as was true in China.
Scholars have concluded that Tiwanaku emigrants established colonies some 200 miles to the west of their settlement on the basis of:
The goods that were exchanged between the villages and the Tiwanaku capital.
Debates on Neo-Confucianism in China centered on ___________.
The interpretations and approaches to understanding its core teachings.
All of the following were true of the Incan empire EXCEPT:
The name of the empire, "Tawantinsuyu," means "Land of Warriors."
Like the Romans, and despite the fact that they lacked wheeled transport, the Incas were well aware of how crucial paved and well-supplied roads were for ___________.
Transporting soldiers
After his visit to Harsha's kingdom, Xuan Zang pronounced it:
Well run, wealthy, and justly administered.
The Toltec state introduced all of the following military innovations EXCEPT:
Wheeled chariots that were used to terrify the enemy.
The most extraordinary example of the contradictory Tang trends towards both greater restrictiveness and wider latitude in personal behavior was the Tang Empress ____________.
Wu Zetian
Perhaps the most important mit'a obligation which subject households owed to the Inca in the conquest phase of their empire was the service of ____________.
Young men between 18 and 30 years of age in the military
At the very end of the period of Teotihuacán, Maya, and Toltec expansion, the three cultural traditions finally merged in the ____________, but the merger did not last long.
Yucatán Peninsula
Martin Luther protested the sale of indulgences in ________ with 95 theses addressed to his archbishop.
1517
In many places, the ____________-mile Incan road network still exists today.
25,000
Tenochtitlaìn was:
A city established one of the islands in the Valley of Mexico.
The threat of human sacrifice was:
A fear-inducing tactic that was an innovation in Aztec imperialism.
Pulque was:
A fermented drink made from the pulp of the maguey plant.
The "Newtonian synthesis" was:
A fusion of the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, and theology.
Gunpowder was originally used as:
A medicine for skin irritations.
Employing ________, researchers have revealed a huge area in the Purus region of the Amazon rainforest that was home to perhaps 60,000 inhabitants in the thirteenth century.
Aerial photography
Potable water was made available in Tenochtitlán by means of:
An aqueduct that arrived on one of the western causeways.
Sikhism could be described in all of the following ways except:
An offshoot of Islam created by the prophet Muhammad's grandson.
Tang efforts to control military outposts along the Silk Road brought the empire into conflict with ______________ by the early eighth century.
Arab expansion
It is possible that imperial propaganda machines in the Aztec and Inca Empires, similar to those of the __________ and Mongols in Eurasia, attempted to intimidate their enemies through tales of brutal treatment.
Assyrians
Under difficult conditions during the Thirty Years' War, Maria Cunitz wrote a treatise on ___________ that corrected the calculations of previous scholars but, given its controversial nature, had to be published privately.
Astronomy
All of the following are true EXCEPT:
Aztec warrior elite males were forbidden to marry local women, but they took many concubines.
A mathematician and assistant of Galileo, Evangelista Torricelli experimented with mercury-filled tubes to lay the groundwork for the first ___________.
Barometer
On St. _______'s Day in August 1572, the Catholic king and aristocracy of France perpetrated a wholesale slaughter of thousands of Huguenots.
Bartholomew
All of the following is true of Chichén Itzá EXCEPT:
Because of the dearth of available resources, Chichén Itzá could not develop merchant groups or participate in regional trade.
Ruling as empress dowager and as regent for her son after the death of her husband in 684, Empress Wu declared ___________ the state religion.
Buddhism
An array of sumptuary laws and a court-directed protocol of ____________ signified to which of the nine official grades a member of the scholar-gentry belonged.
Buttons worn on the hats of officials
All of the following is true of the period called "The Renaissance," EXCEPT:
Byzantine, or Eastern Orthodox, Christianity became more influential in Western Europe, weakening the Roman papacy and leaving it vulnerable to Protestant incursions.
All of the following are true of political organization under the Incan empire EXCEPT:
Care was taken not to disturb local practices, such as burial rituals.
A standoff between the Parliament and King _________ of England (and Scotland) led to civil war and the king's execution in 1649.
Charles I
Aztec farmers constructed soil islands in Lake Texcoco called _________ and grew corn, beans, squash, and other vegetables on them.
Chinampas
With the arrival of the Song dynasty, China would become a religious civilization in which its people reemphasized the indigenous traditions of _______________________, with elements of Buddhism on a more reduced level.
Confucianism and Daoism
"Neo-Confucianism" was the name given to the new synthesis of official beliefs blending the ideas of:
Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism
The southern Peruvian city-state of _________, with its Inca elite, emerged in the early fifteenth century at the head of a highly militaristic, conquering polity.
Cuzco
Wari and Tiwanaku had certain similarities, such as all of the following EXCEPT:
Despite obvious signs of rebellion, it is clear that the commoners respected and protected temples and temple sculptures.
Spain refused to recognize the "United Provinces of the ____________ Republic" until 1648.
Dutch
The widow of a ruler in a monarchical or imperial system in which succession is normally through the male line is referred to as a(n) _______________.
Empress dowager
Louis XIV sent salaried, itinerant intendants around the provinces to:
Ensure that governmental activities functioned properly.
Because any target beyond the range of four days' march (roughly 40 miles) from Tula was beyond the capabilities of the Toltec army to subdue, they __________ instead.
Established colonies
In Tiwanaku society, llamas were used as transportation animals and as a __________.
Food source
Wari culture seems to have been more active in ________ than its Tiwanaku counterpart.
Founding colonies
After selection for the service, an Incan female would generally spend _____________ years within the 'Houses of Chosen Women'.
Four
"Renaissance" thinkers and artists considered their period a time of "rebirth" (the literal meaning of the word in the _______ language).
French
The ______________ was a select group of senior officials who served as an advisory board to the Ming emperor on all imperial matters.
Grand Secretariat
Humanism was an intellectual movement focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of ___________ texts.
Greek and Roman
The most momentous invention to emerge from the Song era was:
Gunpowder.
Beginning in the 1990s and on the basis of the study of terra preta, scholars proposed that indigenous peoples in the Amazonian rainforests:
Had employed slash and char techniques, reducing trees to nutrient-rich charcoal.
In the 15th century, more than ______ of the people in the Mexican Basic lived in cities like Tenochtitlán.
Half
In France, Protestants were known as
Huguenots
Which of the following is not true of Sikhism?
It eventually became a peaceful non-confrontational faith.
The large trade network in which the Toltecs participated can be characterized by the following:
It was based on the exchange of goods, such as gemstones, obsidian, cacao, vanilla, and bird feathers.
Tang rulers opened diplomatic relations with __________, which in 645 announced the Taika (Great Reform), a wholesale adoption of Tang imperial institutions, record keeping, and Buddhism.
Japan
As a proponent of Copernican heliocentrism, Galileo seemed to contradict the passage in the Hebrew Bible's Book of ___________, in which God stops the sun in the sky for a day.
Joshua
In 1649, a group of 70 mostly landless farmers and day laborers occupied "common" land about 25 miles south of ________ and set up a communal farm there.
London
The main goal of Gustavus II Adolphus's intervention in the Thirty Years' War was the creation of a Swedish-_________ centralized state around the Baltic Sea.
Lutheran
Under the Yuan Dynasty, China became part of a much larger empire, and its culture was widely diffused throughout Eurasia, most notably through the accounts of:
Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta
Isaac Newton's ___________ Principles of Natural Philosophy, published in 1687, was the towering achievement of the New Sciences.
Mathematical
The Qutb, built next to Delhi's first mosque, is said to still be the world's largest _________.
Minaret
The ____________ cast doubt on the impression created by the Spanish conquerors of the magnitude of human sacrifice among the Aztecs.
Minuscule numbers of victims' bodies found at Tenochtitlán
In the eighth century, Tang armies experienced a series of defeats at the hands of all of the following except:
Mongols
The Water Margin (or All Men Are Brothers) is a representative example of a:
Multiauthored adventure novel
The Aztecs created an imperial polity from the Pacific to the Gulf, from Tarasco 200 miles to the northwest, to __________, over 500 miles to the south.
Oaxaca
The chacmool, or __________, can be found in several Mesoamerican sites, as far north as Tenochtitlán and Tula.
Offering table
England differed from other states of Europe (such as Prussia, France, Spain, and Austria, for instance) in all of the following EXCEPT:
Parliament had no interest in creating or maintaining a centralized bank, believing that it would exert too powerful an influence on laissez faire economics.
The development of Sikhism resulted, in great measure, from the:
Presence of refugees from Mongol raids in the Muslim sultanates.
The Inca city of Cuzco was:
Protected by walls built with stone blocks weighing up to 100 tons.
The imperial capitals of Mesoamerica and the Andes had all of the following in common EXCEPT:
Public acts of contrition by rulers designed to appease deities and atone for sins, known or unknown.
The Danish mariner Peter von Sivers rose to the position of admiral in the _________ fleet.
Russian
The final provinces added to the Inca empire, in the __________ century, were in northern Ecuador as well as on the eastern slopes of the Andes.
Sixteenth
Initially brought to China from __________, tea quickly established itself as the beverage of choice during the Tang era and vied with silk for supremacy as a cash crop.
Southeast Asia
Neo-Confucianism holds that one cannot sit passively and wait for enlightenment, as the Buddhists do, but must actively "seek truth through facts" in order to understand the relationships of form (li) and substance (qi) as they govern the constitution of the totality of the universe or "_________________."
Supreme Ultimate
Features of the late Maya States in the Yucatán included all of the following EXCEPT:
Surprisingly, there was little if any centralization of political authority.
At the height of the __________ dynasty, Buddhist influence at the imperial court made China a Buddhist empire.
Tang
The Aztec and Inca empires which developed in the early fifteenth century were different from the earlier expanding states in that:
The Aztec and Incan empires were states with capitals and ceremonial centers, and vastly larger tributary hinterlands.
Around 600, two groups arrived in the Peruvian Andes as conquerors:
The Tiwanaku and the Wari.
All of the following is true of communications in the Inca empire EXCEPT:
The rugged, mountainous terrain prevented the construction of roads of the same quality as those in the Aztec empire.
Mongol armies had all of the following advantages over their opponents EXCEPT:
Their surveillance and intelligence networks within the Song bureaucracy.
In 1398, one of the last great invasions of central Asian nomads under the leadership of ______, descended on northern India and southwest Asia.
Timur
During the second half of the fifteenth century, the Incas:
Turned from conquest to consolidation.
Temujin gave himself the title 'Genghis Khan' ('__________') of the united Mongol confederation.
Universal Ruler
All of the following are true of Galileo Galilei, EXCEPT:
Using mathematics, he was able to prove that Archimedes was wrong in his theory of falling bodies.
The Incans did all of the following with their mummies (mallquis) except:
Using them to terrorize enemy armies
The need for bureaucratic and socioeconomic reform spurred the Song official ________________ to propose a series of initiatives aimed at increasing state control over the economy and reducing the power of local interests.
Wang Anshi
Ruler of the Delhi Sultanate between 1236 and 1240, the sultan Raziya:
Was a woman who dispensed with the veil and wore male attire on the battlefield.
In 1280 Khubilai Khan proclaimed the _________ dynasty.
Yuan
While China fortified its borders and reinstated political systems that had been dismantled by the Mongols, it also had to contend with a sharp drop in population due to warfare and the lingering effects of ______________ that ravaged the country in the 1340s.
bubonic plague
The Mongols emphasized _______________ in their empire.
elevating merchants and artisans
The following was a characteristic feature of Tang poetry:
five-character eight-line regulated verse
Like the Tang, the Song instituted a strong central government based on _______ rather than heredity.
merit
Ming Emperor Yongle, having inherited a country well on its way to economic recovery, took advantage of this increase in prosperity to launch China's first and last great ___________________ under the command of his childhood friend and imperial eunuch, Zheng He, from 1405 to 1433.
naval expeditions
Which of the following was a characteristic of Mongol rule in China?
relative religious tolerance
While China boasted some of the world's largest cities, more than 85 percent of the country remained rural from the period from the Song to the Ming, with the __________________ at the top of the local structure of power and influence, a hierarchy reinforced by an array of sumptuary laws.
scholar-gentry
Under the Song Dynasty, a new _________________ made China a religious civilization.
synthesis of Neo-Confucianism
