Quiz 6 review

David Rosenhan argues that misdiagnosis is particularly a problem for psychologists, as a diagnosis of a mental illness is as influential on the patient as it is on her relatives and friends. It should not surprise anyone that the diagnosis acts as a(n) A. act of tertiary deviance. B. sign of structural strain. C. gesture of passing part of the emotional foreground . D. self-fulfilling prophecy .

D. Self-fulfilling prophecy

Angela's mother says to her"don't want you to hang around with MelissaShe's going to be a bad influence on you.The mother may not know it but she's subscribing to which theory? A. Conflict theory B. labeling theory C. structural functionalism D. differential association theory

D. differential association theory

The idea that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called: A. conflict theory B. self-fulfilling prophecy. C. secondary deviance . D. differential association theory. E. labeling theory

D. differential association theory

How does structural strain theory explain the existence of deviance? A. Deviance Is a consequence of external judgments that help to modify the self-concept B. Deviance is the result of the tension between socially approved goals and an individuals ability to meet those goals through socially approved means C. Deviance defined by the powerful and the behaviors of the less powerful are more likely to be criminalized than the behaviors of the powerful D. Deviance helps society clarify moral boundaries and promotes social cohesion

Deviance is the result of the tension between socially approved goals and an individual's ability to meet those goals through socially approved means

According to sociologists, most normal people I have never engage in any acts of deviance. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance? A. actions that are harmful to society B. violations of social norms C. criminal activities immoral or unethical behaviors D. all of the above

B. Violations of social norms

Which sociological theory would agree with the following statement defined by the powerful and the behaviors of the less powerful are more likely to be criminalized than the behaviors of the powerful ? A. Conflict theory B. Symbolic interactionism C. Structural functionalism D. Labeling theory

A. Conflict theory

Johnny got sick and missed a week of school. He failed the test when he came back. His friends called stupid. He was so upset that didn't want to go back to school, so skipped lot of classes. His teachers said that he wasn't a good student so decided to drop out of school. What happened? A. Self-fulfilling prophecy B. Primary Deviance C. Anomie D. Conflict theory

A. Self-fulfilling prophecy

Examine the graphic depiction above of Robert Merton's typology of deviance. Why do you think that those who embrace both new means and new goals are depicted as being Just barely connected to the other types that Merton described? A. They advocate a radical alternative to the existing social order and are trying to break free from everyone else. B. They are the most deviant and the most likely to receive harsh sanctions for their deviance C. They are typically the most powerful and privileged. D. They seek financial success through unconventional means . E. They the only people who experience strain between the goals that society says they should work toward and the means available to them.

A. They advocate a radical alternative to the existing social order and are trying to break free from everyone else.

Sociologists argue that no behavior, not even one designed to kill a great number of people, is inherently deviant. A. True B. False

A. True

Sociologists can say that deviance is relative because whether a behavior is considered deviant depends upon the historical, cultural, and or situational context in which it occurs. A. True B. False

A. True

The association theory of deviance on peer pressure and "bad influences to show how deviance is a process of social learning. A. True B. False

A. True

The peak age for committing both property and violent crimes is under 20 years old. A. True B. False

A. True

If you got pulled over for speeding, and punishment was 20 years in prison, it might make you reconsider the speed at which you drive, right? This idea is called: A. deterrence B. retribution C. rehabilitation D. incapacitation .

A. deterrence

Insider trading is an example of: A. white collar B. crimes property crimes C. violent crimes crimes D. traditional crimes

A. white-collar crimes

How does structural strain theory explain the existence of deviance? A. Deviance is a consequence of external judgments that help to modify the individual's self-concept. B. Deviance is defined by the powerful, and the betaviors of the less powerful are more likely to be criminalized than the behaviors of the powerful C. Deviance is the result of the tension between socially approved goals and an individual's ability to meet those goals through socially approved means D. Deviance helps society clarify moral boundaries and promotes social cohesion

C. Deviance is the result of the tension between socially approved goals and an individual's ability to meet those goals through socially approved means

What did Robert Merton call a prediction that came true only because the prediction was made? A. defining prophecy B. Thomas prediction C.self- fulfilling prophecy D.sociological prediction E.labeling prophecy

C. Self-fulfilling prophecy

Which sociological theory would agree with the following statement "Deviance helps society clarity moral boundaries and promotes social cohesion"? A. Symbolic interactionism B. Labeling Theory C. Structural functionalism D. Conflict theory

C. Structural functionalism

A man is riding on a bus when suddenly, for no reason, he stands up and yells, "FIRE! FIRE" There is clearly no fire, and people are really irritated at the delay this causes. His behavior was: A. A sanction B. the anti-norm C. Deviance D. conflict theory

C. deviance

According to Merton's structural strain theory an individual who deals drugs in order to get rich would be called a/an: A. Conformist B. retreatist C. innovator D. ritualist

C. innovator

If someone breaks into your house or car, that person has committed: A. Traditional crimes B. Violent crimes C. Property crimes D. White collar crimes

C. property crimes

In "On Being Sane in Insane Places," David Rosenhan suggests that: A. although it may be difficult for the rest of us, psychiatrists can easily differentiate between those who are sane and those who are Insane B. staff working in mental hospitals often take on the behavioral characteristics of patients C. researchers posing as "pseudopatients in mental hospital, but otherwise acting normally , were nonetheless treated as insa by the hospital staff D. mental patients were unable to determine who among them were really researchers posing as "pseudopatients". E. all of the above

C. researchers posing as "pseudopatients in mental hospital, but otherwise acting normally, were nonetheless treated as insane by the hospital staff)

According to labeling theory, why were none of the pseudopatients in David Rosenhan's "On Being Sane in Insane Places" discovered? A. They all were really mentally illat least to some extent. B. They did everything they could to simulate mental illness. C. They were well coached in the symptoms that real patients would experience. D. Psychiatry is not a real science. E. Once a person has been labeled "mentally it is very hard for anyone to see past the label

E. Once a person has been labeled "mentally ill," it is very hard for anyone to see past the label.

According to the structural strain theory of deviance as articulated by Robert Merton, what is one of the principal reasons that people turn to deviant behavior in the United States? A. There are a lot of people with inborn antisocial tendencies B. American society is very lax enforcing laws C. Deviant behavior glamorized in the media and therefore becomes increasingly attractive young people D. Deviant behavior has become so widespread that many people think of it as normal. E. The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means to achieve that goal

E. The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means to achieve that goal

W.I. Thomas famously argued that "if men define situations as real, then: A. others will label them as deviant." B. it will lead to tertiary deviance." C. they will be forced to provide evidence." D. those situations will be studied" E. they are real in their consequences."

E. they are real in their consequences."