Quiz 8 - Patho

A patient's emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been examined by the physician and tPA has been administered to the patient. What was this patient's most likely diagnosis?

ischemic stroke

Common manifestations of acute meningococcal meningitis, a highly contagious and lethal form of meningitis, include:

neck pain

Coup and contrecoup cerebral contusion caused by blunt head trauma against a fixed object results in:

permanent brain tissue damage

The moderate stage of the progressive degenerative Alzheimer-type dementia is manifested by behaviors that include:

confusion

An increase in ICP can lead to:

decrease in cerebral perfusion

John has been hit in the head with a baseball bat. The nurse knows which would be considered the earliest indicator of a brain injury?

decreased level of consciousness

A patient's recent diagnosis of Parkinson disease has prompted his care provider to promptly begin pharmacologic therapy. The drugs that are selected will likely influence the patient's levels of:

dopamine

A high school senior sustained a concussion during a football game. Which of the following signs and symptoms would indicate the presence of postconcussion syndrome in the days and weeks following his injury?

headaches and memory lapses

The earliest signs of decreased level of consciousness include: a)restless, agitation b)delirium, dementia. c)stupor, vomiting d)semicoma, pupil dilation

?

Which of the following statements by the husband of a patient with Alzheimer disease demonstrates an accurate understanding of his wife's medication regimen? a) "I learned that if we are vigilant about her medication schedule, she may not experience the physical effects of her disease." b) "We're both holding out hope that this medication will cure her Alzheimer's." c) "I'm really hoping these medications will slow down her mental losses." d) "I know that this won't cure her, but we learned that it might prevent a bodily decline while she declines mentally."

?

An elderly male patient has been brought to the emergency department after experiencing stroke-like symptoms a few hours ago, and has been subsequently diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. The care team is eager to restore cerebral perfusion despite the likely death of the brain cells directly affected by the stroke. What is the rationale for the care team's emphasis on restoring circulation?

Cells of the penumbra may be saved from hypoxic damage if blood flow is promptly restored.

Which of the following pathophysiologic processes occurs in cases of bacterial meningitis?

Inflammation allows pathogens to cross into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Myasthenia gravis is characterized by muscle weakness caused by antibody-mediated destruction of:

acetylcholine receptors

The cardinal symptoms of Parkinson disease include:

bradykinesia

The intracranial volume that is most capable of compensating for increasing intracranial pressure is the:

cerebrospinal fluid

A sudden traumatic complete transection of the spinal cord results in _______ below the level of injury.

flaccid paralysis

An intracranial epidural hematoma causes focal symptoms that can include:

ipsilateral pupil dilation

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are characterized by ischemic cerebral neurologic deficits that:

resolve within one hour of onset

A late indicator of increased intracranial pressure is:

unequal pupil response

A patient has been diagnosed with a cerebral aneurysm and placed under close observation before treatment commences. Which of the following pathophysiologic conditions has contributed to this patient's diagnosis?

weakness in the muscular wall of an artery