Quiz Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The student nurse asks, "What is interstitial fluid?" What is the appropriate nursing response?

"Fluid in the tissue space between and around cells."

The nurse is caring for a client who will be undergoing surgery in several weeks. The client states, "I would like to give my own blood to be used in case I need it during surgery." What is the appropriate nursing response?

"Let me refer you to the blood bank so they can provide you with information."

A client has been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal bleed and the health care provider has ordered a transfusion. At what rate should the nurse administer the client's packed red blood cells?

1 unit over 2 to 3 hours, no longer than 4 hours

Total parenteral nutrition is hypertonic. What is the percentage of dextrose in these solutions?

50% dextrose

Which is a common anion?

chloride

The nurse, along with a nursing student, is caring for Mrs. Roper, who was admitted with dehydration. The student asks the nurse where most of the body fluid is located. The nurse should answer with which fluid compartment?

intracellular

The primary extracellular electrolytes are:

sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

A home care nurse is teaching a client and family about the importance of a balanced diet. The nurse determines that the education was successful when the client identifies which of the following as a rich source of potassium?

Apricots

A nurse is caring for a client who requires intravenous (IV) therapy. The nurse understands that which actions are the nurse's responsibilities related to this therapy? Select all that apply.

Deciding the location of the IV catheter. Deciding the size of the IV catheter. Administering the IV solution.

A nurse assessing the IV site of a client observes swelling and pallor around the site and notes a significant decrease in the flow rate. The client complains of coldness around the infusion site. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?

Discontinue the IV.

The nurse is caring for a client whose blood type is B negative. Which donor blood type does the nurse confirm as compatible for this client?

O neg

The nursing instructor is discussing IV fluid overload with the nursing students. What will the nurse include in her discussion? Select all that apply.

The use of packed cells instead of whole blood will decrease the fluid volume delivered to the client. A symptom of fluid overload is distended neck veins. Fluid overload is more likely in very young children. The infusion rate must be carefully monitored during the administration of blood.

The oncoming nurse is assigned to the following clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?

a newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools

A client loses consciousness after strenuous exercise and needs to be admitted to a health care facility. The client is diagnosed with dehydration. The nurse knows that the client needs restoration of:

electrolytes

A client age 80 years, who takes diuretics for management of hypertension, informs the nurse that she takes laxatives daily to promote bowel movements. The nurse assesses the client for possible symptoms of:

hypokalemia

The nurse is preparing to administer fluid replacement to a client. Which action related to intravenous therapy does the nurse identify as out of scope nursing practice?

ordering type of solution, additive, amount of infusion, and duration

Upon assessment of a client's peripheral intravenous site, the nurse notices the area is red and warm. The client complains of pain when the nurse gently palpates the area. These signs and symptoms are indicative of:

phlebitis

A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of:

renin

The nurse is monitoring a blood transfusion for a client with anemia. Five minutes after the transfusion begins, the client reports feeling short of breath and itchy. What is the priority nursing action?

stop the transfusion

An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as:

total parenteral nutrition.