Quiz Spread of Infection

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

-infection of the cavernous sinus -caused from transport of infected thrombus into the cavernous sinus -fever and drowsiness -extruding eyeball -rapid pulse -loss of function of the 6th cranial nerve (abducens) -can lead to orbital cellulitis or meningitis

maxillary sinusitis

-infection of the maxillary sinus -most are caused by upper respiratory infections -headache -foul-smelling discharge -tender, hot, and red -cloudiness of radiographic picture

cavernous sinus thrombosis can effect what cranial nerves?

-oculomotor -Trochlear - Abducens -Ophthalmic -Maxillary divisions of the fifth cranial nerve

What are some ways odontogenic infections can spread?

-paranasal sinus - vascular system -lymphatic system -or by spaces in the head and neck

cavernous sinus

A sinus containing venous blood located on each side of the body of the sphenoid bone, near the base of the brain, behind the bridge of the nose

An abscess can be __________ or _______________________.

Acute or chronic

why do secondary sinusitis occur mainly in the maxillary sinuses?

Because the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth and associated tissue are close to these sinuses.

Specifically more than 50 % of the gram negative anaerobic bacteria that are known pathogens for head and neck infections are capable of producing ___________________________.

Beta- lactamases

_____________________ from these pathogens are responsible for the initiation initial tissue damage caused by head and neck infections as well as treatment failures with ondontogenic infections.

Beta-lactamases

Pericorinitis

Boneloss due to infection

abscess

Collection of pus underneath the skin

Chronic abscess formation can lead to the further formation of a tract or ______________________.

Fistula

Medically compromised individuals inculdes:

HIV patients uncontrolled diabetes Anemia Patients undergoing organ transplants or cancer therapy

One of the most serious lesions of the jaw is?

Ludwig Angina

celullitis can spread causing serious complications such as ______________________.

Ludwig angina

__________________________ is an acute medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization and may necessitate cricothyrotomy.

Lugwig angina

The majority of intraoral infections are caused by overgrowth of _______________________________.

Resident aerobic Streptococcus viridans

Healthy body usually lives in balance with

Resident microbia

Some odontogenic infections are _________________________infections from a primary infection of oral facial tissues such as skin, tonsils, ears and sinuses.

Secondary

The paranasal sinuses of the skull can become infected as a result of the direct spread of infection from the teeth and associated dental tissues resulting in __________________________.

Secondary sinusitis

This area is considered the ¨Danger triangle of the face¨ by medical professionals.

The middle third of the face - infection there may produce thrombophlebitis of the facial vein that can spread to the cavernous sinus via ophthalmic veins or pterygoid venous plexus. Septicemia (infection of the blood) leads to meningitis and cavernous sinus thrombosis, both of which can cause neurological damage and are life-threatening.

perforation

a hole through the wall of a structure

Fistula

abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

Odontogenic infection can include

abscess cellulitis osteomyomyelitis

Bacterimia

bacteria in the blood

Beta-lactamases

bacterial enzymes that inactivate penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics

opportunistic infection

caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans

Cellulitis

diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

lymphadenopathy

disease of lymph nodes (characterized by abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes associated with an infection or malignancy)

Pastule

elevation of skin containing pus

Cricothyrotomy

emergency airway procedure through an incision in the neck

cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF)

flesh eating bacteria/ disease (can develop form odontogenic infections)

sequestrum

fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

Newer studies recommnends what kind of supportive therapy for the management of suppurating ondogenic infections

heat application in the form of moist packs or mouthrinses

How can odontogenic infections spread through the lymphatic system?

infection can travel through lymphatic vessels that connect to a series of lymph nodes

osteomyelitis of the jaw

inflammation of bone marrow

Meningitis

inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Secondary sinusitis

inflammation of the sinus related to another source

Cavernous sinus thrombosis can be fatal because it can lead to ________________-.

meningitis

Involucrum

new bone growth around a sequestrum

What is the most prevalent disease globally?

odontogenic infections and main reason for seaking dental care

An infection involving the teeth or associated tissues.

orthogenic infection also known as dentoalveolar infection

A type of lesion that can be related to ondogenic infection is _________________________.

osteomyelitis of the jaw

Least common odontogenic emergency

periodontal abscess

purulent

producing or containing pus

Infections of dental origin usually originate from

progressive dental caries or extensive periodontal disease, or even with implants placement as with periimplantitis or high risk dental surgery such as sinus augmentation grafts

What nerve is damaged with cavernous sinus thrombus?

sixth cranial nerve Abducens

What is the name of the fistula from the tract

stoma

Angina means what?

strangle

The formation of pus is a process called

suppuration

two large depressions or fossa present on the external surface of the skull:

temporal and infratemporal fossa

Abducens nerve paralysis

the eye cannot be moved laterally at rest affected eyeball turns medially

What five bones make the temporal fossa?

zygomatic bone Frontal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Temporal bone Parietal bone

Reasons for odontogenic infection spreading by way of the vascular system?

Bacteremia or an infected thrombus possibly resulting in thrombosis.

An invasion of a multiplication of pathogens

Infection

nonresident microbials are called

Pathogens

Most common odontogenic emergency

Periapical abscess

Ludwig angina

Swelling that results from infection in the floor of the mouth and pushes the tongue up and back. It can lead to eventual airway obstruction.

sphenoidotomy

The creation of an opening into the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus

Lugwig Angina has now become an uncommon dental emergency in healthy patients. (T/F)

True