Quizzes
One explanation for bystander apathy is that you assume that the other people are not acting because they know something you don't know. What is this called?
pluralistic ignorance
A narrow definition of disgust refers to what?
preventing something foul from entering your mouth
Coping with stress by trying to control the situation
problem-focused coping
A test that encourages people to describe themselves indirectly by talking about an ambiguous stimulus such as inkblot is called what?
projective test
Humanistic psychologists try to help people to
reduce the discrepancy between their self-concept and their ideal self
What did Freud mean by "catharsis"
release of pent-up emotion
The repeatability of scores on a psychological test
reliability
What do achievement tests attempt to measure?
skills and a knowledge already learned
During which stage of sleep is brain activity the least?
stage 4
The process of establishing rules for administering a test and for interpreting its scores
standardization
Alfred Adler recommended that people improve their mental health by
striving for the improvement of society and not just themselves
What is NOT a characteristic of the self-actualized personality, according to Abraham Maslow?
strong effort to make oneself look good
What is a characteristic of people with narcolepsy?
sudden attacks of extreme sleepiness during the day
What are the contents of the collective unconscious, according to Carl Jung?
symbols and thoughts that have long been part of the human experience
The term "gender identity" refers to a persons
tendency to identify himself as a man or herself as a woman
In response to situations which induce the feeling of happiness, people's heart rate and breathing slow down. These responses are due to what?
the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
How does the concept of allostasis differ from that of homeostasis?
Allostasis recognizes that people's needs change from time to time
Sternberg distinguished three types of intelligence. What are they?
Practical, creative, and analytical
An experienced taxi driver is skilled at driving to various addresses within a city due to his knowledge of the city, which he has acquired over the years. He is using which type of intelligence?
crystallized intelligence
True or False Test bias refers to when a test overstates or understates the true performance of a group of people.
True
How is "stereotype" defined?
a belief or attitude about a group of people
What is a lucid dream?
a case when the dreamer is aware of having a dream
A deja vu experience is
a feeling that an event is uncannily familiar
Meditation is
a procedure for inducing a relaxed state
What did Alfred Adler emphasize as a major determinant of personality?
a striving for superiority
Aptitude tests attempt to measure
ability to learn
What is meant by self-actualization?
achieving your full potential
In response to situations which induce the feeling of fear, people's hearts race, they sweat, and their breathing increases. These responses are due to the
activation of the sympathetic nervous system
The term "cognitive dissonance" refers to
an inconsistency between one's attitudes and behavior
"He got into a fight because he was an aggressive person." This is an example of what?
an internal attribution
People who have intense fears of gaining weight and refuse to eat a normal amount have what condition?
anorexia
True or False You could lie an many MMPI items, and no psychologist would even suspect
false
True or False Groupthink refers to when a group comes to a unanimous consensus about a decision
false
If you solve a problem of a type you never saw before, what type of intelligence are you using?
fluid intelligence
The Society for Animal Protection asks you to make a $1 contribution, and you agree. Later they ask you for a $50 donation. The society is using what kind of technique?
foot in the door
Parietal Lobe
body senses awareness
People who alternate between excessive eating and periods of self-deprivation where they attempt to compensate for overeating have what condition?
bulimia
What is one important function of sleep?
conserving energy
An emotional reaction to a violation of community standards
contempt
Motor Cortex
control of fine movements
Facing a long lasting stressful experience causes the body to increase release of which hormone?
cortisol
When Spearman described the g factor of intelligence what did he mean by g?
general
An important energy source for all parts of the body, and the main source for the brain
glucose
A group of people who already favor one position talk about it with each other and become even more extreme in that position. What is this tendency called?
group polarization
The scientific management (Theory X) approach to job design assumes that workers are
lazy, indifferent, and uncreative
A professor gives the same test twice. Most go these who failed it the first time get scores close to the class average the second time. Most of those who did very well the first time also get scores close to the class average the second time. Therefore the test has what kind of reliability?
low reliability
Homeostasis refers to
maintenance of an optimum level of biological conditions
In Freud's theory, the ego is the part of the personality that
makes rational decisions
Circadian rhythms are partially controlled by the release of which hormones?
melatonin
Frontal Lobe
movements memory
What causes someone to awaken screaming and sweating with a racing heart rate, sometimes with flailing arms?
night terror
People who have an excessive accumulation on body fat have a condition called
obesity
True or False Type A personality is characterized by being easy-going
false
True or False Type B personality is characterized by being impatient and hostile
false
Prefrontal Lobe
judgement planning
Temporal lobe
(left and right) hearing
Occipital Lobe
(left and right) vision
The reliability of a test can vary from
0 to 1
A circadian rhythm lasts about how long?
24 hours
An investigator who wishes to study stages of sleep would probably rely on which device?
EEG
True or False The Flynn Effect refers to the tendency for people who do well on one test to do well on other tests.
False
True or False One reason for why people are more overweight today than in the past is larger portion sizes
True
During which stage of sleep is the brain the most active?
REM sleep
True or False Just expecting that the group of people you most closely identify with does poorly on a certain kind of test increases the chance that you will do poorly.
True
Which emotion theory states that our body's reaction and our thinking occur simultaneously and that leads to our experience of an emotion?
Schachter and Singer Theory
Which of the following is included in psychologists' concept of emotional intelligence?
The ability to perceive and understand emotions
True or False As people grow older, their personality tends to become more stable over time
True
Sigmund Freud believed the following about the meaning of dreams
dreams have hidden, symbolic meanings
Which emotion do people tend to experience wen they find themselves in sticky situations or being the unwanted center of attention?
embarrassment
Suppose it appears likely that you are about to lose your job. If you distract yourself to avoid thinking about it, which coping style are you using?
emotion-focused coping
Explanations that are based on the situation and events that would influence almost anyone are called
external attributions
What does the "central" route to persuasion emphasize?
facts and logic
True or False "Opposites attract" is true for all romantic couples
false
True or False A micro-expression is a false expression that masks the persons true feelings
false
True or False An individuals IQ is influenced solely by genetics
false
True or False Anorexia is equally common in males and females, and equally common in all parts of the world
false
True or False Diffusion of responsibility refers to how well people in a group are able to divide up their work amongst the group of members
false
True or False Job burnout refers to a short term sense of dissatisfaction with one's work
false
True or False Norms refer to the average score a person of "normal" intelligence would receive on a test
false
True or False One of the main predictors of violent behavior is mental illness
false
True or False Personality states are personality characteristics that are persistent over time
false
True or False Sleep spikes are waves of activity at about 12-14 per second which are important for storing memory
false
True or False Spatial neglect refers to a person being unaware of the right side of ones body, objects, and the world
false
True or False The adrenal gland releases the hormone which helps regulate our sleep-wake cycle
false
What job design approach is a manager using who says, "I want my employees to enjoy their work and take pride in their achievements"?
human relations
Which of the brain areas is most important for regulating hunger and appetite?
hypothalamus
Hypnosis is a condition of
increased suggestibility
Freud's theories about personality are based primarily on
inferences he made after talking to his patients
Which hormone controls the rate at which nutrients leave the blood and enter the cells of the body?
insulin
Which of the following is not one of the "big five" personality traits?
integrity
The WAIS-IV and WISC-IV are tests of what?
intelligence
According to the broaden and build hypothesis, how does a happy mood affect behavior?
it increases readiness to explore new ideas
Psychologists analyze a test to see whether its content matches the purposes of the test. The answer to this question pertains to which aspect of the test?
its validity
Set point refers to
the constant body weight your body maintains
What does the "peripheral" route to persuasion emphasize?
the speakers appearance and reputation
Somatosensory Cortex
touch taste sensations
True or False A test has "high validity" if the scores a person receives enable us to predict their performance on some other task
true
True or False A transformational leader articulates a clear vision of the future and motivates employees to use their imagination to advance the organization
true
True or False A vegetative state is one level of consciousness
true
True or False According to Jung, the collective unconscious is similar in all people throughout the world
true
True or False According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, certain needs take priority over others.
true
True or False Achievement tests tend to measure crystallized intelligence
true
True or False Although a persons brain is quite active during REM sleep, the large muscles of the body are deeply relaxed.
true
True or False Altruism is defined as helping others despite a cost to ourselves
true
True or False An attitude is a like or dislike that influences behavior
true
True or False Companionate love is marked by sharing, care, and protection
true
True or False Consciousness is defined as the experience of perceiving oneself and one's surroundings
true
True or False Emotions often provide a quick guide to making moral decisions
true
True or False Freud's goal was to bring unconscious thoughts and memories to consciousness
true
True or False Freud's influence within psychology has declined substantially over time
true
True or False Freudian defense mechanisms are intended as ways to cope with anxiety
true
True or False Humanistic psychologists try to analyze people's behavior in terms of genetics and hidden, unconscious forces
true
True or False Insomnia refers to "lack of sleep"
true
True or False Intelligence quotient (IQ) tests to attempt to measure an individuals probable performance in school and similar settings.
true
True or False Just estimating your probability of doing something makes you more likely to do it
true
True or False Sexual orientation refers to ones tendency to respond sexually to male or female partners or both or neither
true
True or False The Duchenne smile is a term used to refers to a genuine smile
true
True or False The Implicit Association Test is used to measure attitudes and beliefs that people may be unaware of or unwilling to admit
true
True or False The prisoners dilemma situation attempts to investigate cooperative and competitive behaviors
true
True or False Anxiety can be defined as an increase in the startle reflex
true
True or False One way to cope with stress is the exercise
true
Which of the following do humanistic psychologists try to encourage?
unconditional postive regard
The learning approach to personality emphasizes which of these influences?
vicarious reinforcement and punishment
The mere-exposure effect refers to the fact that
we increase our liking for people who have become familiar
According to the James-Langue theory
we perceive our body's reaction first and then we experience the emotion
Social loafing refers to people's tendency to
work less hard in a group than when working alone
