Race and Ethnicity

the deliberate and systematic extermination of racial, ethnic, or national group is called:

genocide

What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group?

assimilation

an action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of their membership in a racial or ethnic group is called:

discrimination

the exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group's political borders is called:

internal colonialism

How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?

it is more systematic and widespread.

how did the G.I. Bill of Rights which provided funds for home loans, affect African Americans?

it was written to help all veterans regardless of race, African Americans were typically excluded from homeownership.

When whites are less than half of the population of any given state it is called a:

majority minority state

societies that encourage racial and ethnic diversity have embraced the value of:

pluralism

in the early nineteenth century, native americans who had survived clashes with the united states army were forcibly removed to reservations. this is an example of:

population transfer

even though anti-miscegentation laws ahve been struck down, why are interracial relationships still relatively uncommon?

powerful cultural stereotypes discourage them

"all irish are drunks" is an example of:

prejudice

The fact that so many people get asked, "what are you?" in reference ot their race is evident that:

race has to be established interactionally

A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ehtnic group as compared to another is:

racism

The belief that Asians are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than Europeans is an example of:

racism

what metaphor best describes cultures that have embraced multiculturalism and pluralism?

salad bowl

Despite the demographic shifts, how can you tell that whites are still the dominant group in the state of CA?

They still remain dominant in terms of power, resources, and representation in social institutions.

Why do many people hope that the internet will have a democratic influence on society?

because in online interactions, there is no way to see what other people look like in person.

What do sociologists call it when an African American individual is told they are not really "black enough"?

identity challenges

rather than seeing racism as a product of class differences, new theorists like Tomas Almaguer argue that:

racist beliefs can become part of economic life.

What is the effect of a split labor market, in which a group of workers belonging to one race is paid less than those of a different race?

the effects of racism are compounded by poverty.

According to William Julius Wilson, racism has created a black underclass, but it is perpetuated by:

economic factors.

What does the African American poet Derrick Gilbert, who hopes to both educate and entertain, say about the idea that race is less important than class in contemporary American society?

He disagrees, and argues that everyone, regardless of race has engaged in racial stereotyping

Displays of ethnic identity that only occur on special occasion are called:

Symbolic ethnicity

How do we decide when to display situational ethnicity?

We do a cost-benefit analysis

How do the demographics within the state of California challenge the way the term "minority has been used in the past?

Whites are now less than half of the population

What does an individual need to be able to do in order to sound authentically african american when interacting with others online?

be able to include racially relevant content and language.

what factors make someone more likely to drop out of high school?

coming from a non-english speaking background

when members of a minority group learn the cultural practices of the dominant group they ahve undergone:

cultural assiminlation

according to conflict theory, what is the real source of racism?

struggle for power and control

When someone who doesn't typically identify as Irish wears a green shirt, drinks green beer, and wears a kiss me, i'm irish t-shirt on st. patrick's day, it is an example of:

symbolic ethnicity

How have racial problems manifested on the internet?

the internet is not a place where negative racial distinctions disappear; they simply appear in different ways

what historical event is sometimes referred to as the "forgotten genocide"?

the massacre of 1.5 million Armenians by the Turkish government after WW1

switzerland is home to protestants and catholics from french, german, and italian ethnic backgrounds. What is the offical language of switzerland?

there is no one offical language

which major U.S. racial group has the lowest high school drop-out rate?

asian americans

which racial group has the highest median income?

asian americans

What racial issue does functionalism help to explain?

assimilation of European ethnic groups into larger society.

what explanation does functionalism have for prejudice and discrimination today?

prejudice and discrimination help to increase group cohesion.

How is prejudice different from discrimination?

prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is an action

what are the positive consequences of racial and ethnic categories?

they create a sense of identity and lead to feelings of solidarity

according to chapter 9, why are poor women less likely to marry?

they feel the men they encounter are less likely to offer the advantages that make marriage worth the risk.

according to Angela Davis, why are African American teenage girls disproportionately likely to have children?

they see few opportunities for education or work and choose motherhood instead

In the US, which groups usually do not have a choice whether to display their race or ethnicity?

All of the above

according to sociologists like Howard Winant and Michael Omi, what is the relationship between race and class?

race is not a side effect of class; rather it permeates every aspect of daily life.

what is it called when members of a racial minority group intermarry and have children with members of the dominant group until the races are completely mixed?

racial assimilation

What is it called when someone lives as if they were a member of a different racial category than the one they were born into?

racial passing

How does chapter 9 explain differences in the life expectancies for people of different races?

through disparities in access to health care

what is the goal of affirmative action?

to increase diversity