Race, Class, Gender, Sexuality

Studies have conclusively proven that crack cocaine is more dangerous than powdered cocaine

False

Symbols are always embedded in the natural properties of what they symbolize

False

Symbols bear a necessary connection to the nature of whatever they symbolize

False

Newman realized his own cultural bias when was proud of his son for getting his first

Fat lip

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Symbols are always embedded in the natural properties of what they symbolize.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE That race-based crime statistics are so skewed simply means that Blacks are more criminally inclined.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE The "one-drop rule" meant that a White woman could give birth to a Black child, but a Black woman could not give birth to a White child.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE The average American corporate chief executive now makes more in a single day than the average American worker makes in a typical year.

Determining an individual's sex is always a strictly natural and straightforward process.

false

That race-based crime statistics are so skewed simply means that Blacks are more criminally inclined.

false

Statistically, stereotypes are usually quite easy to change

False

Stereotypes are usually quite easy to change.

False

A single gene is unlikely to be responsible for any complex human trait.

True

A symbol can be a physical object or a word.

True

According to the book, prejudice reflects relative group positions in society

True

According to the text, 1 in 3 black men can expect to spend time incarcerated at some point in their lives if the current trends continue

True

According to the text, both malnutrition and onsite are highly correlated with poverty

True

According to the text, historically working-class women have not been able to claim the same sick role as affluent women

True

According to the text, nowhere in the United States does one full time, minimum wage job provide enough income to afford adequate housing for a family of four

True

According to the text, people not easily categorized often make us uncomfortable

True

According to the text, schools play an important role in class socialization.

True

According to the text, shortage of food today are the result of human, not natural, phenomena

True

According to the text, statistical research of actual searches show that whites are, in fact, more likely to be carrying illegal drugs, weapons, or other contraband

True

According to the text, the ability to ignore race reflects power and privilege

True

According to the text, the privilege of not having to think about race provides advantages to Whites whether or not they approve of receiving such privileges.

True

All states in the U.S. have stereotypes of their people

True

Ethnocentrism is the practice of judging another's culture using the standard of one's own culture

True

Heterosexism is highest among individuals who know no gays and lesbians personally

True

Humans have a profound tendency to define, classify, and categorize.

True

In developed nations, poor people die five to ten years sooner on average than wealthy people

True

More than two-thirds of low-income people work

True

Our everyday lives rely on hundreds of taken-for-granted bits of information that we assume others understand as we do.

True

Some gays and lesbians believe that discrimination increases as they climb the corporate ladder

True

Some homosexuals are not in favor of same-sex marriage

True

The average American corporate chief executive now makes more in a single day than the average American worker makes in a typical year

True

The fastest-growing segment of the homeless population is family with children

True

The higher a groups political and economic position in society, the greater the likihood that its values and interests will be reflected in and protects by the law

True

The privilege of not having to think about race provides advantages to whites whether or not they approve of receiving such privileges

True

We all possess multiple identities

True

Wealth is different from income because it accumulates over generations

True

we can safely project that in ten, twenty, or fifty years from now, racial and ethnic identities and the color lines that divide us will not take the form they take today

True

According to Newman (Chapter 2), social identifiers have both psychological and structural meanings.

True.

According to Newman (chapter 4), a sense of self results from the socialization process.

True.

According to reading 1 (Racial Formations), Omi and Winant argue that the system of slavery played a significant role in creating of a racially based understanding of society.

True.

According to reading 3, "Becoming Suspects", after 9/11, federal agents began to visit all Pakistani businesses asking for identification as well as performing predawn raids at homes.

True.

The three things Newman identifies as making sure that illegal immigration continues are American employees needing cheap labor to maximize their profits, destitute foreigners seeing no occupational opportunities in their home countries, and:

U.S. immigration policy remaining restrictive

The three things Newman identifies as making sure that illegal immigration continues are American employers needing cheap labor to maximize their profits, destitute foreigners seeing no occupational opportunities in their home countries, and:

U.S. immigration policy remaining restrictive

What african country passed an anti-gay bill this year that was recently overturned due to a technicality?

Uganda

Mass media influences our perception of the legal system and crime because:

We accept media presentations about what are the most serious threats to our own interests and the well being of the entire society

In 1945, the average American chief executive officer earned $51 for every $1 earned by the average worker. By 2007, that figure increased to:

$275

What percent of African American children attend schools that are more than half non-white?

-66%

Peer influence is any influence that comes from

-a group of individuals who share characteristics and are recognized by themselves and others as a distinct group

The National Association of Black Social Workers strongly recommends that:

-black children should not be adopted by white parents

The use of code words instead of blatant racial slurs most likely reflects

-censorship

According to the book and class discussions, one type of racial socialization experience is:

-information about mainstream culture -information about minority status -information about the history and cultural heritage of the ethnoracial group

In The Culture of Poverty, one of the values passed on by poor parents is:

-less interest in high education -less trusting in authority -apathy and resignation -fatalism (belief that they can't control their life circumstances) -less likely to defer gratification (eg. save money)

What is one of the real differences between the sexes?

-males are more verbally/physically aggressive starting at age 2 (5% of variance) -females are more cooperative and compliant starting at age 2 (3% of variance) -males have higher rates of infant mortality, prenatal and perinatal diseases and disorders, higher activity levels starting in infancy -males have higher rates of psych. disorders, learning disabilities, speech problems, emotional problems, mental retardation -females have higher verbal abilities -males have higher abilities -males are better at math starting in adolescence

What did Harlow's monkey studies illustrate?

-monkeys were raised away from their mothers and away from contact with other monkeys -used artificial mothers - one was a cloth monkey and one was a bottle of milk covered with wire - all of the baby monkeys spent more time with the cloth mother monkey, they only went to the bottle to drink -showed that the baby monkeys formed stronger attachments based on their need for love and comfort than their need for milk

Albert Bandura's studies are most closely linked with which of the following perspectives?

-nurturist perspective OR symbolic interactionist perspective -also social learning theory

Through socialization, people learn all of the following except:

-sex

According to The Culture of Poverty, :

-there is a self-perpetuating subculture among poor people that helps trap them in poverty -children learn poverty-induced values and attitudes from their parents -a negative orientation towards life and work makes children who grow up in poverty ill-equipped to enter the societal mainstream

Among the reasons white children are not explicitly socialized into a racial identity is because:

-they are already in the majority -they are unlikely to face conflict or dilemmas because of their race

All people of colour combined represent what percent of newspaper staff?

11.6%

According to Chapter 2 (Newman), in the United States, the lower class consists of:

15% of the population

In the United States, the lower class consists of:

15% of the population

How many more white male characters than white female characters are on TV?

2x

What percent of TV characters on primetime are Hispanic?

3%

According to the federal government, housing is considered "affordable" if it costs

30% or less of a family's income

In the early 1980s, corporate executives earned $42 for every $1 earned by the average production worker. By 2014, that figure had increased to:

373

According to the text, about _____ of African American children under 18 live in poverty.

38%

According to the text, United states, the upper class is composed of the highest-earning:

5% of population

In the United States, the upper class is composed of the highest-earning:

5% of the population

According to the text, which two groups are most likely to say it makes no difference whether people marry interracially?

Blacks and Latino/as

The National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW) passed a resolution that is still in effect today against the adoption of Black children by White parents. Among the reasons they did so was:

A black child growing up in a White family will never develop a positive racial identity

The National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW) passed a resolution that is still in effect today against the adoption of black children by white parents. Which of the following is a reason given by the NABSW for this resolution?

A black child growing up in a white family will never develop a positive racial identity.

Based on the discussion in the text, the most likely reason for the withdrawal of students of color into groups made up of other students of color is:

A desire to cut down on consistent experiences with the prejudice of Whites

Which of the following statements is true of the human ability to form impressions?

A person's interchanges with others depend on that person's sex or religion.

The risk of developing an eating disorder among African-American women rises when such women have:

A strong desire to assimilate into the dominant White culture

Lynching was most of all:

A took of psychological intimidation and terrorism

According to the text, political correctness always reflects a shallow and meaningless attempt to sanitize language

False

A symbol is:

A. used to represent and stand for something B. a physical object C. a gesture D. a word E. All of the above

at least 90% of Americans will continue to marry.

According to Census Bureau estimates, ____.

a. the position of barista is easily filled

According to structural-functionalism, a Starbucks barista would not need to be heavily rewarded, because even though there seems to be a high demand for take-out coffee: a. the position of barista is easily filled b. Starbucks workers are not unionized c. no one really needs coffee d. some people must be low-paid in order for society to function

c. vertical differences arranged for the benefit of those already in power

According to the conflict perspective, stratification is best described as: a. natural horizontal differences between people b. natural vertical differences between people c.vertical differences arranged for the benefit of those already in power d. vertical differences based on money

a. of discrepancies in who uses which form of the drug

According to the text, discrepancies exist between punishments for the use of crack cocaine versus cocaine in powdered form because: a. of discrepancies in who uses which form of the drug b. the discrepancies in the dangers of addiction to crack versus powder cocaine c. crack users are more dangerous to themselves and society d. crack is more dangerous to unborn children

b. gender-training

According to the text, referring to new-born daughters as tiny and soft, while referring to new-born sons as strong and hardy is an example of: a. parental observation b. gender-training c. expressing biological characteristics of children d. early personality development

a. heteronormativity

According to the text, the fact that many health forms follow up a question about whether or not a patient is sexually active with a question about the use of regular birth control is an example of: a. heteronormativity b. feminism c. institutional sexism d. gender expectations

c. the level of economic prosperity in the country

According to the text, the treatment of immigrants most often fluctuates based on: a. whether they are legal or illegal b. whether they belong to a group perceived to have a higher proportion of illegal immigrants c. the level of economic prosperity in the country d. their skin color

Slurs have static meanings that do not change over time or social context.

False

a. definitions of "natural" gender tendencies are not universal

According to the text, the work of anthropologist Margaret Mead suggested that: a. definitions of "natural" gender tendencies are not universal b. gender difference is rooted in evolutionary biology c. gender differences are rooted in biological predisposition d. culture makes no difference with regard to biological influences on gender

a. it was an expected expression of their refinement and delicacy

According to the text, upper-and middle-class women in the 19th century exhibited illnesses that women no longer exhibit because: a. it was an expected expression of their refinement and delicacy b. medical science did not understand the female body c. they were unused to physical labor d. they were physically weaker than women of the lower class

a. high heels

According to the text, what common article of clothing actually alters women's bodies? a. high heels b. bras c. girdles d. corsets

children thrive intellectually and emotionally and hold less-rigid gender stereotypes.

According to the text, when parents share household and childcare responsibilities:

c. heterosexual women hold similar attitudes towards gay men and lesbians

According to the text, which combination of gender and attitudes is correct? a. heterosexual men hold more negative attitudes towards lesbians b. heterosexual women hold more negative attitudes towards lesbians c. heterosexual women hold similar attitudes towards gay men and lesbians d. heterosexual men hold the least negative attitudes towards homosexuals

d. none of the above

According to the text, which of the following social identities is the most innate? a. sexuality b. race c. class d. none of the above

c. they are poor and need the money provided by their partners

According to the text, women in sub-Saharan Africa engage in transactional sex because: a. they are sexually promiscuous b. their culture mandates that women do no paid labor c. they are poor and need the money provided by their partners d. sex work is legal

Which of the following is part of the process of socialization?

Acquiring culturally appropriate skills and knowledge

What University was recently embroiled in a scandal because they were not integrating their sororities and fraternities?

Alabama

According to structural-functionalism, which of the following is the reason for which inequality is inevitable?

All of these are correct ( a variety of social roles must be filled, not all tasks associated with all roles are equally present important or require equal talent and skills, differential rewards must be allocated differentially important roles)

Which of the following is an example of someone moving toward multiculturalism?

All of those (a Mexican immigrant teaching her children Spanish, a Mexican immigrant enrolling in English classes, an Irish immigrant going to local ST. Patrick's Day parade)

c. domineering mothers

Among the factors focused on to explain homosexuality through the 1960s was: a. peer group rejection b. aggressive fathers c. domineering mothers d. bullying in early childhood

a. a Mexican immigrant enrolling in English class

An example of the process of assimilation would be: a. a Mexican immigrant enrolling in English class b. a Mexican immigrant teaching her children Spanish c. an irish immigrant joining the local st. patrick's day parade d. an irish immigrant opening a themed restaurant like bennigan's

According to the text, which group of women is most likely to pursue cosmetic surgery?

Asian Americans

Which group of women is most likely to pursue cosmetic surgery?

Asian Americans

According to the text, which two groups are most likely to marry interracially?

Asians and Latino/as

Is the United States a multicultural or assimilationist nation? Define both terms and give at least 4 examples found in the United States to defend your answer. (Worth 6 points)

Assimilation is the process by which members of minority groups alter their ways to conform to those of the dominant culture. Multiculturalism is the emphasis on the importance of maintaining those cultural elements that give us variety and makes us different from one another. These definitions are both from Newman and from these definitions I believe that the United States could be defined by both. Assimilation and multiculturalism make up the United States depending on how you look upon the states. Personally, I believe that the U.S leans more towards the side of multiculturalism because of how much diversity there is between cultures. Some examples would be migration and expansion, the diverse religions, Rural, and urban diversities, ethnic diversity, and a diverse selection of traditional festivals celebrated in America. The reason I believe America could be both assimilation and multiculturalism at the same time is that the United States is an immigrant country. A majority of individuals who live in America today migrated here from another country. May we be reminded that America was founded by Europeans, but there were Native Americans already living in the Americas. Therefore many of our descendants immigrated to this land. All individuals are free to practice their own religion, values, family customs, and traditional festivals as long as it doesn't cause issues with our basic laws. But once living in America it is strongly recommended to learn the native language to speak to others within the country. English is a prominent language within the American culture, which is highly recommended to know if you are living in America. This would be a prime example of assimilation. While English is prominent language multiculturalism still makes it possible to have a diversity of languages within the country. Therefore American is built upon multiculturalism roots within my opinion.

a. a desire to cut down on consistent experiences with the prejudice of Whites

Based on the discussion in the text, the most likely reason for the withdrawal of students of color into groups made up of other students of color is: a. a desire to cut down on consistent experiences with the prejudice of Whites b. a desire to replicate the racist separatism of whites c. a desire to keep whites from the privileges of group membership d. an obsession with race and color

Which of the following was one of the factors that was focused on by psychological and sociological theories in the 1950s and 1960s?

Domineering mothers

When Asian Americans succeed, they are as often credited with hard work and innate intelligence as they are with being:

Clannish drones

Which of the following statements is true of white-collar crime in the United States?

Corporations rarely receive heavy criminal punishment when their dangerous actions violate the law.

According to the text, the term ______________refers to the status characteristics that can influence a person's social and economic opportunities

Cultural Capital

According to the text, parents are more likely to talk about anger with daughters than with sons.

False

Slurs have static meanings, and do not change over time or social context

False

The argument that one cannot label just any prejudice "racism" reflects a concern with:

Differences in systematic power, privileges, and consequences

refers to the unfair treatment of people based on some identifiable social characteristic such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, or class

Discrimination

According to the text, one reason African-American patients are more likely to have limbs amputated, festivals removed, and less technically sophisticated and advanced treatments overall is because:

Doctors view White patients as more intelligent and likely to abide by medical instructions

Which of the following was one of the factors that was focused on by psychological and sociological theories in the 1950s and 1960s to "explain" homosexuality?

Domineering mothers

Socialization occurs in a social vacuum

False

b. an achieved status

Educational attainment is usually described as: a. an ascribed status b. an achieved status c. an ideal status d. a socioeconomic status

c. the sociological perspective

Examining social life and emphasizing the interplay between societal forces and personal characteristics in influencing people's thoughts, actions, feelings, judgments, and interactions is known as: a. sociobiology b. social psychology c. the sociological perspective d. socioeconomic investigations

9/11 united ALL Americans and only served to show our similarities.

False

A man diagnosed with a sudden intense anxiety that his death will be causes by the recession of his sexual organ into his body id merely a delusional primitive

False

According to the constructionist perspective, social identifiers are independent of context.

False

According to the text, discrepancies between sentencing of users of crack versus powder cocaine are due to the discrepancies in the dangers of addiction to crack versus powder cocaine.

False

According to the text, heterosexual women have more heterosexist attitude that heterosexual men

False

According to the text, most women have moved out of traditionally female occupations

False

According to the text, slurs are arbitrary and meaningless, primarily reflecting the ill-manners of those who use them.

False

According to the text, straightforward, direct sexual socialization is very common in the U.S.

False

According to the text, the rise of the "metrosexual" means that homosexuality will not be significant identity category in the future

False

According to the text, we only begin social interactions with preconceived ideas about others when those others are visibly different from us. True/False

False

According to the text, women are anatomically and hormonally predisposed to be better parents than men

False

According to the text, women are anatomically and hormonally predisposed to be better parents than men.

False

All groups assign the same degree of importance to the role of race in the lives of their members

False

All groups assign the same degree of importance to the role of race in the lives of their members.

False

All western countries have the death penalty

False

As a direct result of the positive "Strong Black Woman" stereotype, black women find themselves near the top of the U.S. pay scale.

False

Assimilation into American culture has been equally easy for all groups

False

Assimilation into American culture has been equally easy for all groups.

False

Assimilation into U.S. culture has been equally easy for all groups.

False

Class does not influence physical appearance

False

Class is not subject to the socialization process

False

Determining an individual's sex is always a strictly natural and straightforward process

False

Due to government restrictions, lobbying groups are not allowed to influence legislators.

False

Ending world hunger is utterly unaffordable

False

Everyone was given equal help and care during and after Hurricane Katrine

False

Examining social life and emphasizing the interplay between societal forces and personal characteristics in influencing people's thoughts, actions, feelings, judgments, and interactions is known as social psychology.

False

Freedom of speech is absolute in the United States

False

Historically, the U.S. military has accurately reflected the population at large

False

Humans are the only species that have same sex pairings

False

No countries allow same-sex marriage

False

No country allows same-sex marriage.

False

Only women are depicted unfairly in the media

False

Only young children and adolescents engage in rigid differentiation and categorization

False

Only young children and adolescents engage in rigid differentiation and categorization.

False

Political correctness always reflects a shallow and meaningless attempt to sanitize language.

False

Same sex marriage is legit in Nebraska

False

Sexual orientation was included as a protected class in the 1964 Civil Rights Act

False

Sickle-cell anemia is found exclusively in one racial group

False

Since marriage is a legal contract, consenting adults are free to enter into any form of marriage they like in the United States

False

Since marriage is a legal contract, consenting adults are free to enter into any form of marriage they like.

False

Since members of a particular group are alike or at least similar, one individual can be a spokesperson for an entire race or gender.

False

Since members of a particular group are alike or at least similar, one individual would make an ideal spokesperson for an entire race or gender.

False

Slurs are arbitrary and meaningless, primarily reflecting the ill-manners of those who use them.

False

That race-bases crime statistics are so skewed simply means that blacks are more criminally inclined

False

The U.S. Census has always accurately reflected the way people personally experience race

False

The justice system punishes all perpetrates of violence equally

False

The justice system punishes all perpetrators of violence equally.

False

The majority of American armed forces who fight on the front lines come from the upper class

False

The mass media have no influence on how we perceive crime and the legal system

False

The meanings of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality have always remained the same through time.

False

The meanings of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality have remained the same over the past couple of centuries.

False

The official U.S. poverty line is based on income after tax and includes food stamps, Medicaid, and public housing.

False

The poverty line is determined by what a family of four needs to feed, house, and clothe all its members adequately

False

Wage disparities between men and women are always simply a consequence of different levels of education and training

False

We only begin social interactions with preconceived ideas about others when those others are visibly different from us.

False

We will soon live in a society with a perfectly equal distribution of income and wealth

False

When President Obama was elected in 2008, racial prejudice ended.

False

When president Obama was elected in 2008, racial prejudice ended

False

Whether or not someone is ill is always the result of a purely objective biological determination

False

slurs are arbitrary and meaningless, only reflecting the ill-manners of those who use them

False

According to Newman (Chapter 1) Difference is always threatening.

False.

According to Newman (Chapter 1), only young children and adolescents engage in rigid differentiation and categorization.

False.

The expression of a White worker, "But a Black guy?" It would mean you lost a job to someone that everyone knows is lesser than you" is an example of:

Feelings of superiority

The fact that food shortages are a human and not a natural phenomena means that:

Food is always available to those who can afford it

The fact that food shortages are a human and not a natural phenomenon means that:

Food is always available to those who can afford it

Poor women are often judged harshly for not living up to the ideology of what it means to be a good mother, yet at the same time governmental programs that aid them:

Force them to place their work roles over their parent roles

Although U.S. culture dictates that the formation of relationships is based solely on the desires and attractions of the people involved, the law has historically restricted intimate contact based on sexuality, consanguinity, and:

Gender

What is meant by doing gender? Please give at least 4 examples of "doing gender" in U.S. culture

Gender is known as an interaction and is not fixed. So when we discuss "doing gender" it is something that "naturally" occurs in society. It takes place in our everyday social interactions and activities. It means creating distinctive differences between men (boys) and women (girls), then once the differences are constructed they are reinforced to the specific gender. When we "do gender" we interact and perform certain activities in a masculine or feminine way. Once an individual act outside their gender norm they begin challenging the gender status and are looked upon as outcasts or are discriminated against. Some examples of "doing gender would be: 1. Gender reveal parties are a prime source of "doing gender". At these parties, they associate blue for boys and pink for girls. Although these colors can be gender neutral they are strongly identified with a specific gender. 2. Women/girls are taught to take care of and value their appearance more than what men/boys should. 3. Men/boys are taught to not show as much emotion to show their masculinity when it is considered a social norm for women/girls to show more nurturing/emotions. 3. When we are children we are raised to "do gender" at an early age because a girl is given toys such as barbies, dolls, dresses, and anything associated with the color purple and pink. While boys are given toys such as trucks, cars, farm equipment, or dinosaurs. These toys are used to pave a path to what gender these children are to be accustomed to. At a young age, we are exposed to "doing gender by the toys and clothes we are given.

The fact that suspicions of homosexuality can sometimes be just as detrimental to people's careers as actual homosexuality is an example of:

Heteronormativity

According to the text, what common article of clothing actually alters women's bodies?

High heels

Which of the following statements is true of symbols?

Humans concoct them and learn to agree on what they should stand for.

_ refers to established laws, customs, policies, and practices that systematically reflect and produce inequalities in society, whether or not the individuals maintaining these practices have discriminatory intentions.

Institutional discrimination

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Slurs have static meanings, and do not change over time or social context.

What social movements are you involved in and why? If you are not involved in any, which social movements would you like to become involved in and why? What would it take to make you more civically engaged

I am not involved in any social movements and never have been involved in one before. I feel that many social movements today are causing negative outcomes in society today. For example, I believe the Black Lives Matter movement was created with good intentions to help eliminate the unequal treatment given to blacks. But unfortunately, I believe it has caused society to develop unfortunate stereotypes. Now police that was once respected authority now have the stigma that they are just out to arrest innocent African Americans. Media has blown up instances of unfair treatment causing riots with the movement for Black Lives Matter. Like I mentioned I think this social movement began as a positive thing to help blacks receive the treatment they deserve, but has been placed in the wrong hands that have caused riots that are getting out of hand. I think if I was given the chance to be involved in any social movements I would want to go back in time and be involved in the civil rights movement. Martin Luther King jr. is someone I look up to for his leadership and involvement in this movement. He developed a speech that made a huge difference in society back then and today. To be a little more civically engaged I believe an individual needs to be educated about the political systems, elections, and issues going on in society. Other ways to get involved is to join local city council meetings to get an understanding of what is going on around you. The most important thing about becoming civically engaged is to be educated about politics and to vote.

Which of the following statements is true of immigrants in the United States?

Immigrants are making the transition to speaking English more quickly than in the past.

b. repealed

In 2011, "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was: a. re-instated b. repealed c. celebrated d. created

c. the sexual dichotomy

In the U.S., although we recognize the existence of different erotically inclined categories, we only recognize two sexes. This is known as: a. sexism b. heteronormativity c. the sexual dichotomy d. sexual essentialism

a. lacked knowledge of a common, taken-for-granted assumption of everyday life

In the U.S., if a person meets another person for the first time and does not hold out his or her hand to be shaken, a sociologist would be most likely to say that he or she: a. lacked knowledge of a common, taken-for-granted assumption of everyday life b. was very rude c. was a member of a subculture that refuses to shake hands for cultural reasons d. was very shy

b. the cost of a subsistence diet, multiplied by 3

In the U.S., the official poverty line is determined by: a. the cost of food, housing, clothing, and health care, multiplied by 3 b. the cost of a subsistence diet, multiplied by 3 c. the cost of food, housing, and clothing, multiplied by 3 d. the cost of a subsistence diet, multiplied by 6

b. irish

In the text, the quotation, "I am haunted by the human chimpanzees i saw along that hundred miles of horrible country," referred to which racial group in the 19th Century? a. jews b. irish c. blacks d. chinese

The quotation from the text, "I am haunted by the human chimpanzees I saw along that hundred miles of horrible country," referred to which group in the 19th century?

Irish

Which of the following statements is true of multiculturalism?

It emphasizes the importance of maintaining the cultural elements that make us different from one another.

Which of the following is a criticism of the "pro-ana" or "pro-mia" movement?

It glorifies dangerous and potentially life-threatening conditions.

Which of the following statements is true of false consciousness?

It is the primary means by which the powerful classes in society prevent protest and revolution.

Which of the following statements is true of assimilation?

It is the process by which members of minority groups alter their ways to conform to those of the dominant culture.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE Social identifiers have both psychological and structural meanings.

Upper- and middle- class women in the 19th century exhibited illnesses that women no longer exhibit because:

It was an expected expression of their refinement and delicacy

Which of the following statements is true of the gendered earnings gap?

It widens with age.

The brakeman are an example of a group of people often discriminated against in what country?

Japan

What was the name of the NBA player who recently came out as homosexual that was in the clip shown in class?

Jason Collins

Name the star of Barbara Walters special we watched in class today

Jazz

d. cultural relativism

Judging a culture by its own cultural rules and values is known as: a. ethnocentricism b. essentialism c. sexual dichotomy d. cultural relativism

The average net worth of a U.S. Senator is well over $10 million and in the House of Representatives it is $5 million. These facts show that:

Lawmakers tend to come from lives of privilege

What U.S. Supreme court case put an end to anti-miscegenation laws in United States?

Loving vs. Virginia

According to the text, in which of the following ways do class and race interact with gender?

Low-income African American parents often have higher expectations for their daughters than for their sons.

b. a tool of psychological intimidation and terrorism

Lynching was most of all: a. the response of vigilantes to actual violence against White women by Black men b. a tool of psychological intimidation and terrorism c. a reasonable response of communities living in fear d. a way to punish criminals in rural communities with few law enforcement officers

_____ refers to the sexual contact between people of different races.

Miscegenation

Which of the following statements is true of crime in the United States?

More Americans die due to healthcare-associated infections than due to violent crimes.

bring together different groups in different structural positions.

Movements for social chance that tend to be most effective have the following characteristics: they must successfully frame the unfairness of particular social phenomena to gain support from various segments of the population; they must be well organized; have a coherent set of beliefs, values, and ideas; make use of current technologies to spread the word and mobilize resources, and ____.

family status may replace gender as the most potent discriminating characteristic between workers in the future.

Newman argues that _____.

b. equated Whiteness with normality

Newman's students did not understand the within-group diversity in the category "Whites" because they: a. were essentially racist b. equated Whiteness with normality c. only knew how to make broad generalizations d. were eager to focus on between-group diversity

The fact that most nurses are women and most firefighters are men reflects:

Occupational Segregation

Discrepancies exist between punishments for the use of crack cocaine versus cocaine in powdered form because:

Of discrepancies in who uses which form of the drug

affiliation to the Christian religion.

Of the changes in 1900 in the U.S., the text argues that the most significant in terms of identity has been the change in ____.

How can one incident lead to a cycle of economic despair that lasts for years? Provide at least two separate examples. According to the text, why might it be difficult for a person to just work a bit harder to get them out of their situation? What are possible barriers?

One incident can lead to a cycle of economic despair that lasts for years because even middle-class wages do not allow much wiggle room for such incidents. Newman discusses how even families today with a stable income live close to the financial edge, on layoff or medical emergency away from a financial crisis. 1. Example of this economic despair would be when low-income families cannot afford further schooling for their children they will then choose to not pursue a higher degree. Not pursuing a college education normally places the individual in a lower class job. This is why they say that once in the lower class it is almost impossible to climb to the middle of the ladder because it is such a far jump. 2. Another example would be when family members do not have a high school education it creates a low expectation for future family members. Most kids who live in a struggling home have a higher possibility of dropping out of school or will continue on a path with drugs. An example the book has is when a family lives in a run-down apartment to save money and advance there a social class for the future. But living in this run-down apartment can cause several other issues for an individual. The apartment can conflict problems with a child who has asthma, which will lead to a hefty medical bill. A hefty medical bill makes it difficult to afford other necessities which all cycles back to being in poverty. An individual can work a little harder, but it doesn't always mean it will increase their chances in the long run to financial stability. Living on a small farm I have witnessed this cycle. My parents both have 3 jobs each, but with these three jobs comes further complications. The load they take upon themselves causes strenuous work on their bodies which then makes them seek medical attention from a chiropractor or medical professional. It seems like when one bill is paid another bill slaps them back in the face. Life has a way of going through cycles and no individual can predict what will happen in the future.

List at least two examples of behavior that you think are wrong but are not illegal or do not carry sufficiently severe punishment. From a sociological perspective, explain why they are not illegal/not punished severely enough in our society.

One thing that I feel is unethical but is legal is smoking inside a house or even a car when children are present. We understand the prominent side effects that come with second-hand smoking yet we still allow it to be legal for parents to smoke in an enclosed area around their children. These kids aren't aware of how harmful this second hand smoking it to them at such a young age. Many parents do not take the initiative to not smoke around their children and do not think about how they may be affecting their child's health. Every individual has a right to their own autonomy, but children don't understand this right at a young age and really don't have a choice to leave their families. Another thing that I feel is unethical but is legal is the abuse that is prominent in the welfare system. Many individuals abuse this system and aren't given a sentence in prison or given a warning. The government raises taxes when money is tight instead of addressing the real issues. This system is used for amazing things, but it is often abused by individuals. Stricture laws or some sort of action should be taken towards this abuse so that it doesn't bring the economy down in the near future.

Which of the following statements is true of the kinds of information parents seek about their children?

Parents with daughters are more likely to search for information about whether their child has above average intelligence.

Tobacco Kills an estimated 443,000 people annually...yet it remains legal. According to the text this is because:

Politically powerful economic elites work against its criminalization

Which of the following is true about Oscar Lewis' views on internalizing cultural values?

Poor children often internalize feelings like hopelessness.

The fact that in the U.S. the Chinese were seen as "The Yellow Peril" in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, and a model minority by the 1980's, demonstrates that:

Prejudice can rise and fall in response to threats to existing group hierarchies

When a man offers to help a woman because he assumes she is weaker than he, this can be best described as:

Prejudice motivated. by benevolence

According to the text, the reason that things like trespassing and loitering are crimes is due in part to:

Privileged political and economic groups having their values and interests reflected in and protected by the law

Although U.S. culture dictates that the formation of relationships is based solely on the desires and attractions of the people involved, the law has historically restricted intimate contact based on sexuality, consanguinity, and:

Race

The phrase, "You Americans wear your affluence" reflects the reality that:

Relative access to wealth leaves physical markers

d. heterosexuality is normative

Researchers do not tend to devote time to ask why people become heterosexual because: a. homosexuality is more interesting b. homosexuality does not exist in nature c. talking about sexuality makes people uncomfortable d. heterosexuality is normative

The book describes current global ethnic violence in Eastern Europe against which group which are often described as "thieving subhumans with no respect for the law"

Roma

d. none of the above

Sarah is a black woman who is working class and a lesbian; her experiences can best be represented if she is understood primarily as representing: a. Blacks b. Women c. Poor lesbians d. None of the above

As discussed in Chapter 2, in the United States, although we recognize the existence of different erotically inclined categories, we only recognize two sexes. This is known as:

Sexual Dichotomy.

Students in medical, law, and other professional schools who are from upper and upper-middle class backgrounds seem to have an easier time "fitting in." According to the text, this is most likely due to:

Subtle forms of bias that can marginalize and alienate those who "don't belong"

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE Some homosexuals are not in favor of same-sex marriage.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Stereotypes are usually quite easy to change.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE Structural functionalists argue that inequality is inevitable and necessary.

The fact that the Navaho recognize ladle as a third sex, the Tahitians recognize the mahu, the Lakota recognize the wink, and the Mohave recognize the Hwame and the alpha as a third and fourth sex, respectively, supports the perspective that sex is:

Socially constructed

According to the text, what factors are most important in explaining the discrepancy between maternal deaths among African-American versus White mothers?

Socioeconomic factors

Which of the following statements is true of societies that stratify people on the basis of a caste system?

Socioeconomic status is determined at birth and considered unchangeable

Which of the following statements is true of societies that stratify people on the basis of a caste system?

Socioeconomic status is determined at birth and considered unchangeable.

__________ is a way of examining everyday social life that emphasizes the interplay between societal forces and personal characteristics.

Sociological perspective

A symbol is:

Sounds, gestures, and objects whose meaning is commonly understood by the members of a society

Apartheid is generally associated with what country?

South Africa

What country, discussed in the text, is most associated with Apartheid?

South Africa

_____ is defined in the text as the overgeneralized belief that a certain trait, behavior, or attitude characterizes all members of some identifiable group.

Stereotype

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Slurs are arbitrary and meaningless, primarily reflecting the ill-manners of those who use them.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE 9/11 united ALL Americans and only served to show our similarities.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE A man diagnosed with a sudden intense anxiety that his death will be caused by the recession of his sexual organ into his body is merely a delusional primitive.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE According to the text, 20% of the world's population who live in developed nations consume 77% of the world's goods.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE According to the text, heterosexism is highest among individuals who know no gays and lesbians personally.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE According to the text, in developed nations, poor people die five to ten years sooner on average than wealthy people.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE According to the text, in the U.S., a sexual dichotomy is obvious in our culture.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE According to the text, political correctness always reflects a shallow and meaningless attempt to sanitize language.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE According to the text, statistical research of actual searches show that Whites are, in fact, more likely to be carrying illegal drugs, weapons, or other contraband.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE According to the text, the ability to ignore race always reflects power and privilege

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE According to the text, the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population is families with children.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE According to the text, under the "one drop rule" of hypodescent, racially mixed people are always assigned the status of the subordinate group.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE All girls do not start worrying about weight until they enter adolescence.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE All groups assign the same degree of importance to the role of race in the lives of their members.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Assimilation into American culture has been equally easy for all groups.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE Both malnutrition and obesity are highly correlated with poverty.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Class does not influence physical appearance.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Class is not subject to the socialization process.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Discrepancies between sentencing of users of crack versus powder cocaine are due to the discrepancies in the dangers of addiction to crack versus powder cocaine.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Ending world hunger is utterly unaffordable.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Everyone was given equal help and care during and after Hurricane Katrina.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE Globally, millions of people die each year from commonly preventable diseases, like diarrhea.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Illegal immigrants do not actually play a vital role in the U.S. economy.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE In the U.S., free speech means that you can say anything you want, anywhere you want, at all times.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Institutional social problems are far too complex for an individual to have any effect on them whatsoever.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE More than two-thirds of low-income people work.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Most women have moved out of traditionally female occupations

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Only young children and adolescents engage in rigid differentiation and categorization.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Performing in a sick role means that one's illness is not real.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Racial and ethnic difference is always related to some physically observable difference.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Sickle-cell anemia is found exclusively in one racial group.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Since marriage is a legal contract, consenting adults are free to enter into any form of marriage they like.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Since members of a particular group are alike or at least similar, one individual can be a spokesperson for an entire race or gender.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE The higher a group's political and economic position in society, the greater the likelihood that its values and interests will be reflected in and protected by the law.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE The justice system punishes all perpetrators of violence equally.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE The mass media has no influence on how we perceive crime and the legal system.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE The poverty line is determined by what a family of four needs to feed, house, and clothe all its members adequately.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE The privilege of not having to think about race provides advantages to whites whether or not they approve of receiving such privileges.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE The rise of the metrosexual means that homosexuality will not be a significant identity category in the future.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE We all possess multiple identities

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE Wealth is different from income because it accumulates over generations.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE When president obama was elected in 2008, racial prejudice ended.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE Whether or not someone is ill is always the result of a purely objective biological determination.

Which of the following is an example of gender guidance?

Talking about different feelings with daughters than with sons.

c. burglary and robbery cost the U.S. $3.8 billion a year, while corporate crimes cost over $400 billion a year

That the interests of powerful economic elites influence how seriously we take different types of crime is suggested by the fact that although minority street criminals are what we tend to fear the most: a. there is actually not much serious street crime b. most people would not like to see corporate criminals punished c. burglary and robbery cost the U.S. $3.8 billion a year, while corporate crimes cost over $400 billion a year d. corporate crime is not personally motivated by criminal intent

less than 25% of the families in the United States.

The "normal" American family consisting of two heterosexual parents, a breadwinner father and a stay-at-home mother, and their children currently makes up ___.

japan

The Burakumin are described in the text as being the most disadvantaged minority group in what country?

The quotation, "I am haunted by the human chimpanzees I saw along that hundred miles of horrible country," referred to which racial group in the 19th Century?

The Pigeon

1994

The Rwandan genocide occurred in what year?

b. lawmakers tend to come from lives of privilege

The average net worth of a U.S. Senator is well over $10 million and in the House of Representatives its is $5 million. These facts show that: a. anyone can become president b. lawmakers tend to come from lives of privilege c. we pay our politicians highly because their services are so valuable d. democracy is corrupt

Colorism reflects:

The broader racial values of the culture at large

the male career model.

The career model of 20 years of schooling followed by 40 years of work followed by retirement is predicated upon:

c. socialization

The concept that refers to the societal process that creates members whose values, behaviors, attitudes and perceptions correspond to those deemed by that society as appropriate is called: a. culture b. psychological culture c. socialization d. individuation

The fact that one must apply for a sticker or hanging in order to be classified as a disabled driver reflects:

The control of the medical and legal system over disease

c. constructionism

The example of Gregory Williams's movement through racial categories as he moved from one state another is a reflection of the concept of: a. essentialism b. the biological basis of race c. constructionism d. racial ambivalence

d. code words

The fact that "new yorker" can mean jew, and "urban" can mean black is reflection of: a. where many jews and blacks actually live b. symbolic representations c. polite euphemisms d. code words

a. in a society structured around and for the interest of men, stereotypically masculine traits are likely to be valued culturally and interpersonally.

The fact that a girl can be a tomboy and not have her entire sexual identity called into question, but a boy cannot likewise be a sissy and keep his sexual identity intact, reflects that: a. in a society structured around and for the interest of men, stereotypically masculine traits are likely to be valued culturally and interpersonally. b. feminine characteristics are less useful in society c. in a society structured around gender, people have to stay in the appropriate categories d. masculine characteristics are more useful in society

D. Food is always available to those who can afford it

The fact that food shortages are a human and not a natural phenomena means that: a. drought and soil erosion do not affect food production b. all nations are capable of growing a sufficient variety of natural foods c. humans are now capable of creating synthetic food d. food is always available to those who can afford it

b. those cultures have all learned and understood that red means danger

The fact that red means danger in many cultures most likely demonstrates that: a. because red is the color of fire, it is automatically associated with danger b. those cultures have all learned and understood that red means danger c. because red is the color of blood, it is automatically associated with danger d. there is some natural property of the color red that signals danger

d. socially constructed

The fact that the Navajo recognize nadle as a third sex, the Tahitians recognize the mahu, the Lakota recognize the wintke, and the mohave recognized the hwame and the alyha as a third and fourth sex, respectively, supports the perspective that sex is: a. an innate biological characteristic b. essential to all cultures c. always connected to gender d. socially constructed

Among the institutional causes of homelessness in the United States are stagnant wages, changes in welfare programs, and:

The lack of affordable housing

According to the text, the treatment of immigrants most often fluctuates based on:

The level of economic prosperity in the country

Which of the following statements is true of panethnic labels?

They are broad terms applied to diverse subgroups that are assumed to have something in common.

Discuss the idea of intersections. Pick a person who you know personally (can include yourself) and a: describe their statuses-ascribed and achieved; b: describe at least 2 situations in which a particular status is more important than any of the others; c: describe a situation in which the combination of the person's social identities makes the situation conflicted or uncomfortable, for the person and for other people. Explain why...

The person I would like to describe is my mother she grew up on a small farm home in southwest Iowa with her parents along with her brother and sister. My mother didn't go to college when she graduated from high school and stayed on the farm with her parents. Today she runs the family farm while my father has a job in town. My mother is head of the farm and makes most of the decisions since my grandfather passed away. My uncle which is my mothers older brother also owns part of the farm but looks to my mother for guidance on what to do with crops and cattle each year. This is pretty unusual for a woman to be the head of farmland, but is an achieved status for my mother. She worked hard to get this status because most individuals didn't accept my mother as an equal individual in the farming community because of her sexual orientation. She had the ascribed status of being a farm girl and then eventually when she got into her teens she was given the ascribed status of being considered a "housewife".This was a typical stereotype in her time period because women weren't accepted as equals nor did they normally do outside labor on the farm. This is something I think many individuals find astonishing because even though women have developed rights in today's society it is still unusual to see a woman as the head of the farming operation. This stereotype of farming women is something I have seen most of my life because my parents had three girls and we were raised to do a lot of the outside labor. Many individuals find it out of the ordinary when we do mechanic work on our own vehicles or even run farm machinery. This is all because of a stigma that was developed a long time ago that is slowly diminishing throughout the years.

c. ethnocentrism

The practice of judging another culture using the standards of one's own is known as: a. cultural relativism b. essentialism c. ethnocentrism d. sexual dichotomy

d. U.S. immigration policy remaining restrictive

The three things Newman identifies as making sure that illegal immigration continues are American employers needing cheap labor to maximize their profits, destitute foreigners seeing no occupational opportunities in their home countries, and: a. U.S. immigration policy remaining so permissive b. the continuing lack of enough border patrol workers c. the continuing need for gardeners and nannies d. U.S. immigration policy remaining restrictive

According to Newman (Chapter 4), among the following behaviors and interactions, gender-training encompasses:

The ways that parents communicate feelings with children of different sexes.

Doctors in the U.S. typically are very proactive and forceful, taking aggressive approaches to medical treatment because:

Their cultural context sees diseases as enemies to be conquered

Whites may be described as "racially transparent" because:

Their skin color is socially invisible

Model minority stereotypes are not really complimentary because:

They can create damaging expectations

a. politically powerful economic elites work against its criminalization

Tobacco kills an estimated 443,000 people annually; one out of every five American deaths is smoking-related. More people die from tobacco use than from the use of all illegal drugs combined, and aside from toxic poisons it is probably the single most lethal substance we ingest. Yet it remains legal, with only age restrictions on its purchase and usage. According to the text, this is because: a. politically powerful economic elites work against its criminalization b. too many people are addicted, and to deprive them of tobacco would be medically dangerous c. legislative action in this case is constitutionally limited d. tobacco use does not threaten or offend a majority of people in U.S. society

According to reading 3, "Becoming Suspects", between 1994-2001, the daily rate of detentions of noncitizens:

Tripled.

20% of the world's population who live in developed nations consume 77% of the world's goods

True

A sense of self results from the process of socialization.

True

c. Loving v. Virginia

What case, as discussed in class, ended miscegenation laws in the U.S.? a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. Brown v. Board of Education c. Loving v. Virginia d. Miranda v. Arizona

b. South Africa

What country, discussed in class and in the text, is most associated with Apartheid? a. Zimbabwe b. South Africa c. France d. New Zealand

Which of the following statements is true according to constructionism?

What humans know to be real and essential is a product of the culture and historical period in which humans live.

Which of the following statements is true according to constructionism?

What humans know to be real and essential is always a product of the culture and historical period in which humans live.

d. all of the above

When interacting with new contact person, Chris, Newman's job as an expediter was frustrated because: a. Chris's name was gender neutral b. Chris's voice was not readily distinguishable as masculine or feminine c. Newman was conversationally disoriented by Chris's lack of gender cues d. all of the above

One critical outcome of the "one-drop rule" was that:

White men could roam sexually among women of any color without threatening the color line

"The Good Mother" concept makes which women feel the most culturally noticeable?

Women who are not mothers

That women have been pathologists has been part of a social message that:

Women's bodies make it hard for them to work in positions of authorities

An example of the process of assimilation would be:

a Mexican immigrant enrolling in English class

An example of the process of assimilation would be:

a Mexican immigrant enrolling in English classes.

based on the discussion in the text, the most likely reason for the withdrawal of students of color into groups make up of other students of color is:

a desire to cut down on consistent experiences with the prejudice of Whites

According to the text, the three things O.J. Simpson has in his favor during his trail that Whites have historically had in their favor were the ability to buy a good defense, a face no stereotypically associated with crime, and:

a jury composed of members of one's own race

According to the text, one reason why ethnoracial minorities are particularly vulnerable to economically motivated changes in businesses' locations is:

a lesser likeihood of securing new housing and transportation

The conflict perspective views social inequality as:

a reflection of the unequal distribution of power in society

According to the text, the risk of developing an eating disorder among African-American women rises when such women have:

a strong desire to assimilate into the dominant White culture

Language is best described as:

a system of symbols and associational values that allows people to communicate with one another

Lynching was most of all:

a tool of psychological intimidation and terrorism

According to the text, lynching was most of all:

a tool of psychological intimidation and terrorism.

According to the text, _____ of Americans will continue to marry.

about 90%

Of the changes since 1900 in the U.S., the text argues that the most significant in terms of identity has been the change in:

affiliation to the Christian religion

When interacting with a new contact person, Chris, Newman's job as an expediter was frustrated because:

all of the above

The National Association of Black Social Workers passed a resolution against the adoption of black children by white parents unless:

all other placement efforts have been exhausted.

Educational attainment is usually described as:

an achieved characteristic

Educational attainment is usually described as:

an achieved status

An example of the process of assimilation would be:

any process by which members of a minority group change their ways to `conform with the dominant culture

We begin social interactions with preconceived ideas about others because we:

are saving energy by not starting from scratch in our impressions of others

Access to education is often derived from one's:

ascribed status

According to the text, access to education is usually derived from one's:

ascribed status

According to Census Bureau estimates, ____ of Americans will continue to marry.

at least 90%

Emily is a black woman with a Ph.D. in biomedical engineering with a high income but little personal or familial wealth; her social status is:

based on both achieved and ascribed criteria

Emily is a black woman with a PhD in biomedical engineering with a high income but little personal or familial wealth. Her social status is:

based on both achieved and ascribed criteria

According to the test, lying on the could, eating from a tray, having someone to bring you things, and watching daytime television are common parts of:

being lazy

According to the text, movements for social change that tend to be most effective must successfully frame the unfairness of particular social phenomena to gain support from various segments of the population and:

bring together different groups in different structural positions

Movements for social change that tend to be most effective have the following characteristics: they must successfully frame the unfairness of particular social phenomena to gain support from various segments of the populations; they must be well organized; have a coherent set of beliefs, values, and ideas; make sure of current technologies to spread the word and mobilize resources, and:

bring together different groups in different structural positions

That the interests of powerful economic elites influence how seriously we take different types of crime is suggested by the fact that although minority street criminals are what we tend to fear the most:

burglary and robbery cost the United States $3.8 billion a year, while corporate crimes cost over $400 billion a year

According to the text, when parents share household and childcare responsibilities:

children thrive intellectually and emotionally and hold less-rigid gender stereotypes

According to the text, when parents share household and child care responsibilities

children thrive intellectually and emotionally and hold less-rigid gender stereotypes.

According to the author, which of the following components of identity is lease likely to be attributed to innate biological or anatomical traits?

class

According to the author, which of the following components of identity is least likely to be attributed to innate biological or anatomical traits?

class

According to the text, the fact that "New Yorker" can mean Jew and "urban" can mean black is a reflection of:

code words

According to the text, the fact that "New Yorker" can mean Jew, and "urban" can mean black is a reflection of:

code words

The fact that "New Yorker" can mean Jew and "urban" can mean black is a reflection of :

code words

The example of Gregory Williams's movement through racial categories as he moved from one state another is a reflection of the concept of:

constructionism

In Newman's narrative of his friends' twin four-year-olds, he reaches the conclusion that the parents' efforts at gender neutrality were a failure due to:

contradicting outside information that eclipsed the parents' messages.

Applying slurs to those one knows are not members of the targeted group, such as calling boys and men "ladies" or any other feminine label, is an example of:

correcting behavior through symbolic communication.

Applying slurs to those one knows are not members of the targeted group, such as calling boys and men "ladies" or any other feminine label, is an example of:

covering behavior through symbolic communication

Which of the following is the best example of value-laden terminology?

culturally deprived

From an essentialist perspective, people's:

definitions and labels can change, but an individual's essence is permanent

From an essentialist perspective, people's:

definitions and labels can change, but an individual's essence is permanent.

According to the text, the work of anthropologist Margaret Mead suggested that:

definitions of "natural" gender tendencies are not universal

According to the text, the work of anthropologist Margaret Mead suggests that:

definitions of natural gender tendencies are not universal

According to the text, the work of anthropologist Margaret Mead suggests that:

definitions of natural gender tendencies are not universal.

Upon getting up in the morning, after using a plethora of scented products in the shower and checking to make sure no body hair is evident, Christina routinely spends the next 20 minutes putting on make-up. About 20 minutes after that, this person attends to an elaborate hairstyle that includes using a curling iron, hairdryer, and special styling products. According to the text, Tthis person is most likely:

doing gender

Among the factors focused on to explain homosexuality through the 1960s was:

domineering mothers

According to the text, the following is generally considered a dialect, not a language:

ebonics

Newman's students did not understand the within-group diversity in the category "white" because they:

equated Whiteness with normality

The fact that New Yorker can mean Jew, and urban and inner city can mean black is a reflection of

ethnoracial language (or code words?)

Upon getting up in the morning, after using a plethora of scented products in the shower and checking to make sure no body hair is evident, Christina routinely spends the next 20 minutes putting on make-up. About 20 minutes after that, this person attends to an elaborate hairstyle that includes using a curling iron, hairdryer, and special styling products. This person is most likely:

expressing gender

According to the constructionist perspective, race, class, gender, and sexuality are simply individual traits.

false

According to the constructionist perspective, social identifiers are independent of context.

false

According to the text, black women are more likely than white women to report binge eating or vomiting.

false

According to the text, ending world hunger is utterly unaffordable

false

Children conform to gender prescriptions due to biological signals.

false

Everyone was given equal help and care during and after Hurricane Katrina.

false

Performing in a sick role means that one's illness is not real.

false

Plumpness has always had negative connotations in U.S. culture.

false

Sociologists use race to refer to the nonbiological traits that provide members of a group with a sense of common identity.

false

The meanings of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality have remained the same over the past couple of centuries.

false

institutional social problems are far too complex for an individual to have any effect on them whatsoever

false

Newman argues that ___ may replace genders most potent discriminating characteristic between workers in the future

family status

Poor women are often judged harshly for not living up to the ideology of what it means to be a good mother, yet at the same time the governmental programs that aid them:

force them to place their work roles above their parent roles

The extension of federal recognition to a tribal nation is the:

formal acknowledgement of the tribe's legal sovereign status.

The fastest growing segment of the homeless population is:

former middle-class families living in motels

According to the text, referring to new-born daughters as tiny and soft, while referring to new-born sons as strong and hardy is an example of:

gender guidance

Referring to new-born daughters as tiny and soft, while referring to new-born sons as strong and hardy is an example of:

gender guidance.

Referring to new-born daughters as tiny and soft, while referring to new-born sons as strong and hardy is an example of:

gender-training

Women's wages don't measure up to men's in traditionally male occupations, and women are more likely than men to face subtle obstacles to promotion to a management position, a phenomenon sometimes called the _____.

glass ceiling

According to the text, the fact that many health forms follow up a question about whether or not a patient is sexually active with a question about the use of regular birth control is an example of:

heteronormativity

Researchers do not devote time to ask why people become heterosexual because:

heterosexuality is assumed to be normal

Researchers do not devote time to ask why people become heterosexual because:

heterosexuality is normative

According to the text, what common article of clothing actually alters women's bodies?

high heels

The fact that a girl can be a tomboy and not have her entire sexual identity called into question, but a boy cannot likewise be a sissy and keep his sexual identity intact, reflects that:

in a society structured around and for the interests of men, stereotypically masculine traits are likely to be valued culturally and interpersonally

According to the text, the fact that a girl can be a tomboy and not have her entire sexual identity called into question, but a boy cannot likewise be a sissy and keep his sexual identity intact, reflects that:

in a society structured around and for the interests of men, stereotypically masculine traits are likely to be valued culturally and interpersonally.

The fact that a girl can be a tomboy and not have her entire sexual identity called into question, but a boy cannot likewise be a sissy and keep his sexual identity intact, reflects that:

in a society structures around and for the interests of men, stereotypically masculine traits are likely yo be valued culturally and interpersonally.

The interactionist perspective blames inequality on:

individuals who have learned to be biased and prejudiced

When Newman says that identity is a joint social production, he means that identity is:

influenced by family, peers, and broader cultural concerns

When Newman says that identity is a joint social production, he means that identity is

influenced by family, peers, and broader cultural concerns.

Among the types of lesbians identified by research cited in the text is one described as women who find themselves involved with another woman and who experience this involvement as a discovery and not a purposeful choice. These women are called:

interpersonal lesbians.

Paolo is a rich white bisexual man who is divorced with three children. If we analyze his identity based on Newman's prescription, we would highlight his:

intersections

Paulo is a rich white bisexual man who is divorced with three children. If we analyze his identity based on Newman's prescription, we would highlight his

intersections

Symbols are powerful social constructions because:

our lives and reality depend upon our knowledge of and agreement on them.

The Confederate battle flag is a controversial symbol because it:

is an expression of pride in heritage and often an expression of exclusion and threat

Broad conclusions drawn about how family influences gender development must be made with caution because most of the research on the role that parents play in the gender socialization of their children:

is based on samples of White, middle-class, and two-parent families.

Adopting a "hyphenated" identity is an example of multiculturalism because:

it maintains simultaneous connections to more than one ethnicity.

What was the 1994 Multi-Ethnic Placement Act?

it prohibited federally funded agencies from considering race, culture, and ethnicity in adoption placement decisions

In the United States, if an American meets another American for the first time and does not hold out his or her hand to be shaken, a sociologist would be most likely to say that he or she:

lacks knowledge of a common, taken-for-granted assumption of everyday life

The average net worth of a US Senator is well over 10$ million and in the House of Representatives it is $5 million. These facts show that:

lawmakers tend to come from lives of privilege

Some universities reserve a certain number of positions for applicants whose parents are alumni of that institution, also known as ____________________.

legacies

According to the conflict perspective, people become doctors primarily because:

they have access to training

According to the text, the "normal" American family consisting of two heterosexual parents: a breadwinner father and a stay-at-home mother and their children currently makes up ____ of the families in the United States

less than 25%

The "normal" American family consisting of two heterosexual parents, a breadwinner father and a stay-at-home mother, and their children currently makes up _____ of the families in the United States.

less than 25%

Which of the following is the best example of the pejorative shift in the English language when referring to women?

mister vs. mistress

According to the text, broad conclusions drawn about how family influences gender development must be made with caution because:

most is it is based on samples of white, middle-class, and two-parent families

The pejorative shift of words associated solely with females refers to when words take on:

negative connotations

Minner is a Black women who is working class and a lesbian; her experiences can best be represented if she is understood primarily as representing:

none of the above

Minnie is a working-class black lesbian. Her experiences can best be represented if she is understood primarily as representing:

none of the above (there is no one spokesperson for a certain group)

According to the author, which of the following social identities is the most innate?

none of these (class, gender, ethnicity)

According to the text, the common usage of terms like "female engineer" and "male nurse" demonstrates that:

occupations take on the symbolic identity of those we expect to be in them

The common usage of terms like "female engineer" and "male nurse" demonstrates that:

occupations take on the symbolic identity of those we expect to be in them.

According to the text, discrepancies exist between punishments for the use of crack cocaine versus cocaine in powdered form because:

of discrepancies in who uses which form of the drug

From a sociological perspective, discrepancies exist between punishments for the use of crack cocaine versus cocaine in powdered form because:

of discrepancies in who uses which form of the drug.

Symbols are powerful social constructions because:

our lives and reality depend upon our knowledge of and agreement on them

The effort to replace such terms as mankind, freshman, or chairman to refer to people of all sexes as humans with terms like humankind, first year student, or chair reflects:

political correctness

Tobacco kills an estimated 443,000 people annually; one out of every five american deaths is smoking-related. More people die from tobaccos use that from the use of all illegal drugs combined, and aside from toxic poisons it is probably the single most lethal substance we can ingest. Yet it remains legal, with only age restrictions on its purchase and usage. According to the text, this is because:

politically powerful economic elites work against its criminalization

According to the World Health Organization, nearly six million people around the world die each year from tobacco-related causes. Aside from toxic poisons, tobacco is probably the single most lethal substance we can consume. Yet it remains legal, with only age restrictions on its purchase and usage. According to the text, this is because:

politically powerful economic elites work against its criminalization.

According to the text, some researchers attribute the fact that men tend to interrupt, are nonresponsive, and control topics of conversation to:

power imbalances between men and women

the fact that in the U.S. the Chinese were seen as "The yellow peril" in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and as a model minority by the 1980s, demonstrates that:

prejudice can rise and fall in response to threats to existing group hierarchies

As a result of the passage of the Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994, federally funded agencies have been:

prohibited from considering race and culture in their placement decisions.

The POWER inherent in being racially transparent is described in the text as akin to:

psychological money in the bank

Hypodescent

racially mixed people are always assigned the status of the subordinate group

Symbolic interactionists would try to solve inequality through:

re-educating the ignorant majority

In 2011 "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was:

repealed

During the 1970s and 1980s in South Africa, the government created a category of honorary white for:

rich, powerful Asians who invested in South Africa.

Group differences in behaviors or traits tend to be understood in an essentialist way when they are:

seen as innate and individual characteristics

Children who are adopted by parents of the same race of ethnicity tend to do better than children of color in white homes when it comes to the issues of:

self-esteem.

The usage of code words instead of blatant slurs most likely reflects:

shifts in the social stature of particular groups.

In Newman's narrative, when the checker asked Newman's son, "So, what are you going to ask Santa to bring you for Christmas?," she was:

showing that Christianity has the privilege in everyday discourse not to be named.

Taken together, the cases of Anna, Isabelle, and Genie provide strong evidence that:

social experience plays a critical role in the formation of personality

Identities are best characterized as:

social locations that determine our position in the world relative to others.

According to the text, social movements have not completely altered the institutional landscape because:

social structures are highly complex and often operate through inertia

The concept that refers to the societal process that creates members whose values, behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions correspond to those deemed by the society as appropriate is called:

socialization

The lifelong social experience by which individuals develop human potential and learn culture is:

socialization

The process that creates members whose values, behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions correspond to those deemed by that society as appropriate is called:

socialization

The societal process that creates members whose values, behaviours, attitudes, and perceptions correspond to those deemed by the society as appropriate is called:

socialization

The process that creates members whose values, behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions correspond to those deemed by that society as appropriate is called:

socialization.

The fact that the Navajo recognize nadle as a third sex, the Tahitians recognize the mahu, and the Lakota recognize the wintke, supports the perspective that sex is:

socially constructed

The fact that the Navajo recognize nadle as a third sex, the Tahitians recognize the mahu, and the Lakota recognize the wintke, supports the perspective that sex is:

socially constructed.

the statement "All students are partiers" is an example of a

stereotype

Which of the three theoretical orientations is gender training derived from?

symbolic interactionism

When systems of difference determine access to resources and life chances, they are said to be associated with:

systems of power and privelage

According to the text, moral boundaries between classes consist of assessments of all qualities EXCEPT:

taste

The example of the teenager in the film Breaking Away who decides to adopt an Italian identity, but does not do it successfully demonstrates:

that one's ability to create identity depends ultimately on social context and response from others.

According to the text, the treatment of immigrants most often fluctuates based on:

the amount of labor shortage in the country

The effort to replace such terms as "mankind," "freshmen," or "chairman" with "humankind," "first- year student," and "chairperson," respectively, to refer to people of all sexes reflects:

the avoidance of exclusive language

In the United States, the official poverty line is determined by:

the cost of a subsistence diet multiplied by 3.

In the U.S., the official poverty line is determined by:

the cost of a subsistence diet, multiplied by 3

According to the text, the work of Margaret Mead suggested that:

the definitions of the "natural" tendencies of men and women are not universal

Based on the discussion in the text, the most likely reason for students of color to restrict themselves to groups made up of other students of color is:

the desire to avoid experiencing the prejudice of Whites.

Shifts in the usage of language as well as in reference terms and connotations often parallel changes in the social stature of particular groups. The best example of this is:

the fact that using the word "******" is now detrimental to the political careers of Whites.

According to the text, that African-American families tend to emphasize the importance of hard work, indolence, and self-reliance equally among sons and daughters is a reflection of:

the historically high proportion of African-American women in the paid labor force

According to the text, the tendency of African-American families to emphasize the importance of hard work, independence, and self-reliance equally among sons and daughters is partly due to:

the historically high proportion of African-American women in the paid labor force.

The tendency of African-American families to emphasize the importance of hard work, independence, and self-reliance equally among sons and daughters is partly due to:

the historically high proportion of African-American women in the paid labor force.

According to the text, among the institutional causes of homelessness in the United States are stagnant wages, changes in welfare programs, and:

the lack of affordable housing

According to the text, the treatment of immigrants most often fluctuates based on:

the level of economic prosperity in the county

Groups with significant social power typically have:

the luxury of remaining unexamined

The career model of 20 years of schooling followed by 40 years of work followed by recruitment is predicated upon:

the male career model

According to Cornell and Hartman, when growing up and creating our social identities, we learn the boundaries that distinguish group members from nonmembers, whether membership in our group is something to take pride in or be ashamed of, and:

the perceived position of our group within society.

According to structural-functionalism, a Starbucks barista would not need to be heavily rewarded, because even though there seems to be a high demand for take-out coffee:

the position of a barista is easily filled

According to structural-functionalism, a Starbucks barista would not need to be heavily rewarded, because even though there seems to be a high demand for take-out coffee:

the position of barista is easily filled

According to structural-functionalism, a Starbucks barista would not need to be heavily rewarded, because even though there seems to be a high demand for takeout coffee..

the position of barista is easily filled

In the United States, although we acknowledge the influence of social surroundings on gender, we generally only recognize two sexes. This is known as:

the sexual dichotomy

In the United States, although we recognize the existence of different erotically included categories, we only recognize two sexes. This is known as:

the sexual dichotomy

Which of the following is an example of the use of the passive tense to depersonalize minorities?

the slaves were brought to North America OR the railroad was built

In the United States, although we acknowledge the influence of social surroundings on gender, we only recognize two sexes. This is known as:

the social dichotomy

Examining social life and emphasizing the interplay between societal forces and personal characteristics in influencing peoples thought, actions, feelings, judgements, and interactions is known as:

the sociological perspective

The appearance and disappearance of particular racial labels and categories reflect:

the visibility and value of certain groups in society.

Whites may be described as "racially transparent" because:

their skin color is socially invisible

According to the text, women in sub0Saharan Africa engage in transactional sex because:

they are poor and need the money provided by their partners

Model minority stereotypes are not really complimentary because:

they can create damaging expectations

When young children make statements like "Doctors are men" and "Nurses are women," they are demonstrating that:

they have become gender detectives.

The fact that red means danger in many cultures most likely demonstrates that:

those cultures have all learned and understood that red means danger

According to the text, the fact that red means danger in many cultures most likely demonstrates that:

those cultures have all learned and understood that red means danger.

The fact that red means danger in many cultures most likely demonstrates that:

those cultures have all learned and understood that red means danger.

When asked to list the traits that characterize Whites, Newman's students..

thought about their race in terms of individuality and not in terms of common trait

When asked to list the traits that characterize Whites. Newman's students:

thought about their race in terms of individuality and not in terms of common traits

Children of colour are likely to be exposed to: (about socialization)

three different types of socialization experiences (info about mainstream culture, info about their minority status, and info about the heritage of their ethnoracial group)

Children of color are likely to be exposed to:

three types of socialization.

The "post-ethnic" society means that:

traditional racial and ethnic definitions would become irrelevant

The phrase "wine, women and song" was used to illustrate that when women are thought of, they are often

trivialized

According to the constructionist perspective, social identifiers have both psychological and structural meanings.

true

According to the text, Blacks are nearly four times more likely than Whites to be arrested on charges of marijuana possession, even though the two groups use the drug at comparable rates

true

According to the text, almost half the world's wealth is owned by just 1% of the global population.

true

According to the text, heterosexism is highest among individuals who know no gays and lesbians personally.

true

According to the text, researchers do not tend to devote time to ask why people become heterosexual because heterosexuality is normative

true

According to the text, shortages of food are usually human, not natural, phenomena

true

According to the text, working-class and poor people receive less preventive health care than wealthy people.

true

Both malnutrition and obesity are highly correlated with poverty

true

Educational attainment is usually described as an achieved status.

true

In developed nations, poor people die five to ten years sooner on average than wealthy people.

true

Millions of people die prematurely each year from diseases that, in more prosperous countries, are preventable, curable, or nonexistent.

true

Schools play an important role in class socialization.

true

The "one-drop rule" meant that a white woman could give birth to a black child, but a black woman could not give birth to a white child.

true

The higher a group's political and economic position in society, the greater the likelihood that its values and interests will be reflected in and protected by the law

true

The importance of language in creating and reinforcing perceptions of difference often lies more in what's not said than what is.

true

The income gap between the richest and poorest segments of the U.S. population has been growing steadily over the past few decades.

true

We all possess multiple identities.

true

According to the text, upper- and middle-class women in the 19th century exhibited illnesses that women no longer exhibit because:

ut was an expected expression of their refinement and delicacy

According to the conflict perspective, stratification is best described as:

vertical differences arranged for the benefit of those already in power

According to the conflict perspective, stratification is best described as:

vertical differences arranged for the benefit of those already in power.

In a stratified society, human difference is arranged.

vertically

In a stratified society, human difference is arranged:

vertically

Gender constancy refers to:

when sex becomes a stable characteristic in children age 3-4

What racial category of people in the USA contains the highest number of poor people?

white

Those most likely to be treated preferentially in terms of college admissions are:

white, affluent children of alumni

Transgender is a broad label that describes individuals:

whose gender identity doesn't match their assigned sex.

Mrs. Gregory Bateson was a pioneer in the field of anthropology and a hero to many freshman students. This sentence was used to illustrate that:

women are invisible

Which of the following is not necessary for someone to be considered part of a reference group?

you don't need to be a member of that group