Radio Communications

ADS-B

A. ADS-B stands for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast. B. Set to replace the old radar technology. C. Consists of a transmitter in the airplane (ADS-B OUT) that sends GPS information to a ground station, which is then relayed to ATC and sent back to other aircraft. D. Aircraft equipped with ADS-B IN can receive information and display it. E. The FAA mandated that all aircraft must be equipped with ADS-B out by 2020.

Contact Procedures Initial Contact

"New York Radio, Mooney Three One One Echo, student pilot." "Columbia Ground, Cessna Three One Six Zero Foxtrot, south ramp, I−F−R Memphis." "Miami Center, Baron Five Six Three Hotel, request V−F−R traffic advisories."

Subsequent Contact Procedures Concise Responses

"Wilco": Will comply, "Roger": I understand, "Affirmative": Yes, "Negative": No.

S Sierra T Tango U Uniform V Victor W Whiskey X X-Ray Y Yankee Z Zulu 1 One

2 Two 3 Tree 4 Four 5 Fife 6 Six 7 Seven 8 Eight 9 Niner 0 Zero

Radio Technique

3) Be sure the mic is close to your lip, 4) Allow a slight pause after keying the mic before talking, 5) Don't talk too fast! 6) Release the mic when you're done, 7) Wait a few seconds if you don't hear anything back, 8) Be sure you are within the performance range of your radio equipment.

Lost Communication Procedure Towered Airport

3) If the transmitter becomes inoperative a) follow previously stated procedures and monitor ATC frequency, b) to acknowledge ATC transmission, rock your wings during the day, and flash your landing light at night.

A Alpha B Bravo C Charlie D Delta E Echo F Foxtrot G Golf H Hotel I India

J Juliet K Kilo L Lima M Mike N November O Oscar P Papa Q Quebec R Romeo

The correct method of stating 10,500 feet MSL to ATC is A. "TEN THOUSAND, FIVE HUNDRED FEET." B. "TEN POINT FIVE." C. "ONE ZERO THOUSAND, FIVE HUNDRED."

C. "ONE ZERO THOUSAND, FIVE HUNDRED."

Traffic Location

Controllers use an analog clock to reference traffic position. Traffic 12 o'clock. (means north) Traffic 2 o'clock. (northeast at 60 deg North)

Which frequency to use? Towered Airport Information in Flying Chart

During Tower Operation CT: Control Tower 125.3: Tower Frequency 122.95: UNICOM Frequency : Part time operation When Tower is closed Airport is non-towered 125.3: CTAF Frequency CTAF common traffic advisory frequency

Types of Facilities for Radio Communication (cont.)

Ground Control Position in Tower "XYZ Ground" Radar or Nonradar Approach Control Position "XYZ Approach" Radar Departure Control Position "XYZ Departure" FAA Air Route Traffic Control Center "XYZ Center"

example radio communication

Pilot: Raleigh Tower, Cessna 67860 ready for departure at 5-Right Controller: Cessna 67860, hold short Pilot: Hold short, 67860 (Pilot stays in place) Controller: Cessna 67860, line up and wait, 5-Right Pilot: Line up and wait, 5-Right, 67860 (Pilot taxis onto the runway and waits for a "cleared for takeoff" instruction) Controller: Cessna 67860, fly runway heading, cleared for takeoff 5-Right

Lost Communication Procedure

a) Can be caused by the malfunction of the transmitter, receiver, or both. b) If you experience equipment failure at an un-towered airport, simply observe traffic, enter the pattern, and land. c) If you experience equipment failure at a towered airport, use the following guidance...

Lost Communication Procedure Towered Airport

1) If the receiver becomes inoperative (or both receiver and transmitter) a) remain outside or above Class D airspace and determine flow of traffic, b) if transmitter is operative, continue talking on the radio and advise tower of you aircraft type, position, altitude, and intentions, c) enter the pattern, report your position, and watch for light gun signals. 2) Do not enter Class B or C airspace, simply divert to an un-towered airport.

Radio Technique

1) Listen before you transmit: - don't talk over other people, - don't cut off people in the middle of a conversation. 2) Think before keying the transmitter - know what you want to say, - write it down at first

Types of Facilities for Radio Communication

Aiport UNICOM "XYZ UNICOM" FAA Flight Servce "XYZ Radio" Airport Traffic Control Tower "XYZ Tower" Clearance Delivery Position (IFR) "XYZ Clearance Delivery"

Standard Transponder Codes

1200: VFR Code 7500: Highjack 7600: Lost Communication 7700: Mayday/Emergency

When flying HAWK N666CB, the proper phraseology for initial contact with McAlester FSS is A. "MC ALESTER RADIO, HAWK SIX SIX SIX CHARLIE BRAVO, RECEIVING ARDMORE VORTAC, OVER." B. "MC ALESTER STATION, HAWK SIX SIX SIX CEE BEE, RECEIVING ARDMORE VORTAC, OVER." C. "MC ALESTER FLIGHT SERVICE STATION, HAWK NOVEMBER SIX CHARLIE BRAVO, RECEIVING ARDMORE VORTAC, OVER."

A. "MC ALESTER RADIO, HAWK SIX SIX SIX CHARLIE BRAVO, RECEIVING ARDMORE VORTAC, OVER."

If the aircraft's radio fails, what is the recommended procedure when landing at a controlled airport? A. Observe the traffic flow, enter the pattern, and look for a light signal from the tower. B. Enter a crosswind leg and rock the wings. C. Flash the landing lights and cycle the landing gear while circling the airport.

A. Observe the traffic flow, enter the pattern, and look for a light signal from the tower.

Transponder

A. SQUAWK (number): Enter the code given by ATC. B. IDENT: Engage the "IDENT" feature. C. SQUAWK and IDENT: enter the code and press "IDENT". D. SQUAWK VFR: Enter 1200 as the code.

A steady green light signal directed from the control tower to an aircraft in flight is a signal that the pilot A. is cleared to land. B. should give way to other aircraft and continue circling. C. should return for landing.

A. is cleared to land.

An ATC radar facility issues the following advisory to a pilot flying on a heading of 090°: "TRAFFIC 3 O'CLOCK, 2 MILES, WESTBOUND...". Where should the pilot look for this traffic? A. East. B. South. C. West.

B. South.

An ATC clearance provides A. priority over all other traffic. B. adequate separation from all traffic. C. authorization to proceed under specified traffic conditions in controlled airspace.

C. authorization to proceed under specified traffic conditions in controlled airspace.

Sedona Traffic, Cessna 123 Bravo Foxtrot is clear of runway niner, taxiing to park, Sedona traffic.

Sedona Traffic, Cessna 123 Bravo Foxtrot, departing runway niner, Sedona traffic.

Airports Without Control Tower Traffic Advisories Examples 10 miles out, contact the CTAF frequency to announce your arrival " Sedona traffic, Cessna 123 Bravo Foxtrot is 10 miles south inbound for landing, Sedona traffic. "

Sedona Traffic, Cessna 123 Bravo Foxtrot, entering the pattern, mid-field left down-wind for runway niner, Sedona traffic.

Sedona Traffic, Cessna 123 Bravo Foxtrot, left base, runway niner, Sedona traffic.

Sedona Traffic, Cessna 123 Bravo Foxtrot, final, runway niner, Sedona traffic.

Airports With Control Tower

a) Follow instructions from the controller. b) Pilot will always "read-back" instructions. c) Language is similar to un-towered airports. Entry, downwind, base, final, etc... d) "Number 2, following the Piper on final".

Airports Without Control Tower CTAF

a) Stands for Common Traffic Advisory Frequency. b) Used to broadcast position reports. c) Can be any of the following: - UNICOM/MULTICOM, - Tower Frequency, - FSS.

Airports Without Control Tower UNICOM

a) Stands for UNiversal Integrated COMmunity. b) Provides airport information at public use airport, upon pilot's request. c) Pilots can request weather information, wind direction, pattern information. d) Available when there is no tower nor FSS available.

Airports Without Control Tower Position Report

a) When there is no tower, pilots should make radio calls on a common frequency to report their position. b) Not required, so don't rely on it entirely. c) There are three ways to communicate intentions at non-towered airports: - Flight Service Station (FSS): if available on the field itself, - UNICOM operator, - Self-announce broadcast.

Figures a) Hundreds and thousands are spelled out. - 300: Three hundred - 4,500 feet: Four thousand fife hundred feet - 10,500 feet: One zero thousand fife hundred feet

b) All numbers must be transmitted by pronouncing each digit such as 18 is pronounced one eight. c) The decimal in frequencies is pronounced POINT. 122.1 is One Two Two Point One.

Altitudes: a) Below 18,000 feet, state separate digits for the thousands plus the hundreds: 13,800 feet is One Three Thousand Eight Hundred. b) At and above 18,000 feet, state the word "flight level": 20,000 feet is Flight Level Two Zero Zero.

c) Directions is always three digits, and always magnetic: 050 is Zero Five Zero. d) Speeds are expressed in knots and spelled out: 320 knots is Three Two Zero Knots.

- Operating in and out of towered airports, as well as within a large portion of the NAS, requires radio communications. - Proper phraseology is important to expedite communication and reduce the risk of miscommunication. - No radio license is required when flying domestically but is required when flying internationally.

• Can be difficult to comprehend at first. • Specific phraseology and procedures are used. • The best way to learn is to listen to a live feed and to practice. • Learn the phonetic alphabet. • 121.5 MHz is the emergency frequency.

Call Signs

• Each aircraft is assigned a tail number, used during radio communications. • On initial contact, the full tail number is used. November One Two Three Alpha Bravo • Tail number may be shortened. Three Alpha Bravo

Procedures for Initial Contact

• Initial contact refers to the first time you contact a given facility. • Use the following format: ✓ Name of the facility being called, ✓ Your full aircraft identification, ✓ Your position (on the ground or in the air), ✓ Your request if it is short. • This is designed to get the controller's attention.

Radio Equipment

• The most common type of radio equipment is called VHF (Very High Frequency). • They operate on frequencies between 118.0 MHz and 136.975 MHz.

Transponder

• The transponder sends information to be displayed on the ATC Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS). • A transponder code consists of four digits from 0 to 7 (4,096 possible codes). • Some codes are standard or can be assigned by ATC.

Subsequent Contact Procedures

• Use similar format to express your request, in one transmission. • Upon receipt of a clearance or callup, you must acknowledge by repeating it, unless advised otherwise, always after identifying yourself with your call sign.