Read and Interact - CH 6 Geography

Founded in northern India in the 6th century B.C, by Siddartha Gautama, ______ is a universalizing religion.

Buddhism

teaches that the road to enlightenment and salvation lies in understanding the "four noble truths." (Enter only one word per blank.)

Buddhism

Which four traits are identified by geographers as the most prominent of the differentiating culture traits of societies and regions?

Ethnicity Gender Language Religion

What are the two basic processes by which spatial dispersion takes place?

People move to a new area, taking their culture with them information about an innovation spreads throughout a culture

Which one of these would not be considered part of the sociological subsystem of culture?

Transport networks

sociological

a government entity

Technological

a house

ideological

a religion

The popularization of baseball as well as other recreational aspects of American culture in Japanese culture is an example of ______.

acculturation

is the process by which one culture group undergoes a major change by adopting many of the characteristics of another culture group. (Enter only one word per blank.)

acculturization

The processes of innovation, spatial diffusion, and acculturation all lead to cultural . (Enter only one word per blank.)

change

How people interact with, perceive, use, and impact the natural environment of an area are aspects of the study of ______.

cultural ecology

The houses and roads shown in this image all make up part of the ______.

cultural landscape

Language, tools, techniques, and beliefs are all examples of ______.

cultural traits

is the specialized behavioral patterns, understandings, and adaptations that summarize the way of life of a group of people. (Enter only one word per blank.)

culture

Language and ethnicity are examples of traits that can be used to describe cultural ______.

diversity

Cultural is the study of the relationship between a culture group and the natural environment it occupies. (Enter only one word per blank.)

ecology

Now mostly dismissed by geographers, the concept of described how cultural development was determined primarily by the physical environment, in particular climate. (Enter only one word per blank.)

environmental determinism

The viewpoint that the physical environment determines cultural development is called ______.

environmental determinism

The term is used to refer to the ancestry of a particular people who have in common distinguishing characteristics associated with their heritage. (Enter only one word per blank.)

ethnicity

True or false: The distinctions between the roles of men and women in a society are biologically based.

false

refers to socially created distinctions between the roles of men and women in a society. (Enter only one word per blank.)

gender

Which one of these is not considered part of the ideological subsystem of culture?

governments and other institutions

The subsystem of culture consists of the ideas, beliefs, and knowledge of a culture and the ways in which they are expressed. (Enter only one word per blank.)

ideological

Changes to a culture that result from ideas created within the social group itself are referred to as . (Enter only one word per blank.)

innovation

The development of fossil fuel-based energy, Judaism, and democracy are all examples of ______.

innovation

One language may split into two or more by segregation and ______.

isolation

A language spreads geographically through ______. (Select all that apply.)

its adoption by new speakers the occupation of new territories by speakers

The cultural is the Earth's surface as modified by human activities. (Enter only one word per blank.)

landscape

The most important medium by which culture is transmitted is ______.

language

is an organized system of speech by which people communicate with one another. (Enter only one word per blank.)

language

Which of the following statements about measuring and describing culture are true? (Select all that apply.)

language is an important part of a culture describing a culture's technological development can be helpful measuring a culture's economic development is important

Which of these are traits that can be used to examine cultural diversity? (Select all that apply.)

music religion language food

The term ethnicity is based on the root word ethnos, which means ______.

people or nation

A(n) ______ can be thought of as a unified system of beliefs and practices that join all those who adhere to them into a single moral community.

religion

A(n) is a value system that involves systems of formal or informal worship of and faith in the sacred and divine. (Enter only one word per blank.)

religion

The subsystem is the sum of expected and accepted patterns of interpersonal relations of a culture. (Enter only one word per blank.)

sociological

Which of these are the three subsystems of culture defined by anthropologist Leslie White?

sociological ideological technological

______ is the process by which a concept, practice, or innovation spreads from its point of origin to new territories.

spatial diffusion

Cultural change is induced by ______. (Select all that apply.)

spatial diffusion acculturation innovation

People who speak a common language are members of a(n) ______.

speech community

Languages usually include a(n) (accepted norms of syntax, vocabulary,and pronunciation) and a number of distinct (ordinary speech of subdivisions of society). (Enter only one word per blank.)

standard language dialect

The subsystem of culture is made up of material objects and the techniques of their use. (Enter only one word per blank.)

technological

Questions concerning the adaptive strategies used by different cultures in the daily cycle of existence are answered by examining the ______ of culture.

technological subsystem

Social scientists define culture as ______.

the behaviors understandings and adaptations of a group of people

New York, Birmingham, Sahara, and Wisconsin are examples of (place names) that reveal the history of a culture. (Enter only one word per blank.)

toponyms

is the study of place names. (Enter only one word per blank.)

toponymy

Geographers use the term cultural for the smallest distinctive items of culture such as language or beliefs. (Enter only one word per blank.)

traits

religions are faiths that claim applicability to all humans and seek to transmit their beliefs to all lands. (Enter only one word per blank.)

universalizing

Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism are all examples of ______.

universalizing religions