Reading Section
Many mammals instinctively raise their fur when they are cold - a reaction produced by tiny muscles just under the skin that surround hair follicles. When the muscles contract, the hairs stand up, creating an increase in air space under the fur. The air space provides more effective insulation for the mammal's body, thus allowing it to retain more heat for longer periods of time. Some animals also raise their fur when they are challenged by predators or even other members of their own species. The raised fur makes the animal appear slightly bigger and ideally, more powerful. Interestingly, though devoid of fur, humans still retain this instinct. So, the next time a horror movie gives you "goosebumps", remember that your skin is following a deep-seated mammalian impulse now rendered obsolete. *The "increased air space under the fur" mentioned in the passage serves primarily to: A. Combat cold. B. Intimidate other animals. C. Render goosebumps obsolete. D. Cool overheated predators.
A. Combat cold.
I. We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. II. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. *Which of the following statements BEST expresses the main idea of paragraph I? A. It states the fundamental purposes, principles, and goals of the government. B. It states that all people should be happy. C. It states that legislative powers will consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. D. It states that government will keep the people from being governed by other countries.
A. It states the fundamental purposes, principles, and goals of the government.
My parents' divorce was final. The house had been sold and the day had come to move. Thirty years of the family's life was now crammed into the garage. The two-by-fours that ran the length of the walls were the only uniformity among the clutter of boxes, furniture, and memories. All was frozen in limbo between life just passed and the one to come. I suddenly became aware of the coldness of the garage, but I didn't want to go back inside the house, so I made my way through the boxes to the couch. I cleared a space to lie down and curled up, covering myself with my jacket. I hoped that my father would return soon with the truck so we could empty the garage and leave the cryptic silence of parting lives behind. *What is the author's mood? A. Melancholic B. Idealistic C. Vindictive D. Indignant
A. Melancholic
What is the best description for the term volume? A. The quantitative measurement of a liquid. B. The force exerted on any object by gravity. C. The measurement of something from end to end. D. The number of unit squares equal in measure to the surface
A. The quantitative measurement of a liquid.
The patient's stomach appeared distended, and the physician decided to order an ultrasound. A. bloated B. weeping C. sponge-like D. robust
A. bloated
The nurse made sure to depress the drainage bulb so that it would begin applying suction pressure immediately. A. compress B. liquefy C. clarify D. encourage
A. compress
Compensatory is best described as ________. A. corrective B. sociable C. beleaguered D. courteous
A. corrective
One of the judgmental roadblocks is criticism. Many of us feel we ought to be critical - or other people will never improve. Parents think they need to judge their children or they will never become hard-working, mannerly adults. Teachers think they must criticize their students or they will never learn. Supervisors think they must criticize their employees or production will slip. *According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the "other people" referred to in the second sentence? A. employees B. teachers C. supervisors D. parents
A. employees
The nurse knew her shift would cease at 0730 and she would be able to go home. A. end B. prolong C. continue D. succeed
A. end
The doctor had prescribed an antibiotic to cure the patient's infection, which had ______ matters by causing a pruritic rash. A. exacerbated B. exhilarated C. augmented D. mistreated
A. exacerbated
What is the best description for the word latent? A. hidden B. active C. revealed D. courageous
A. hidden
The bonobo great ape (Pan paniscus), which lives primarily in the forests of the Congo Basin, is considered one of the most closely related species to humans. Social and expressive animals, bonobos form matriarchal societies in which males take their place in the group according to the status of their mothers. All parental care is provided by females. *From the given information, it can be inferred that: A. male bonobo's usually have a lower status than their mother. B. it is primarily the female bonobo's that are very close relatives of humans. C. bonobo great apes are the primary inhabitants of the forests of the Congo Basin. D. bonobo's expressive faces can communicate various emotion.
A. male bonobo's usually have a lower status than their mother.
The musculoskeletal system is expansive and is one of the first body systems to feel the effects of age. A. muscles and bones B. muscles and ligaments C. bones and ligaments D. muscles and organ tissues
A. muscles and bones
Elements are basic substances that cannot be broken down into anything simpler, and an atom is the smallest unit of an element. Compounds are combinations of two or more elements and can be broken down into simpler substances. Compounds are formed when atoms are held together by an attractive force called a chemical bond. A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound, or a gaseous element, which can exist and still retain the characteristic properties of a substance. *According to the passage, compounds: A. require a chemical bond. B. develop when the smallest unit of an element is broken down. C. are formed when elements combine with atoms. D. are the basic units of molecules.
A. require a chemical bond.
The patient seemed nervous now that the impending surgery date was confirmed. When is the surgery most likely to happen out of the following choices? A. soon B. next year C. within ten years D. never
A. soon
What is the best description for the term pathology? A. the study of the disease process B. the existence of disease C. the carelessness of infection prevention D. the maintenance of chronic diseases
A. the study of the disease process
What is the best description for the word defecate? A. to have a bowel movement B. to surrender to an opposing side C. to conquer in battle D. to strain
A. to have a bowel movement
Select the word that means "important." A. vital B. corrective C. instigative D. diversional
A. vital
Select the word that means "to urinate." A. void B. eliminate C. evacuate D. divert
A. void
The patient's exacerbation of sickle cell disease was worsened due to his poor hydration status. A. water balance B. nutritional status C. financial situation D. emotional stability
A. water balance
We are pleased to welcome Dr. Elena Alvarez as the new executive director of research at Martin-Stacey Biometrics. For the past 15 years, Dr. Alvarez has been an indispensable team member at J.G. Laboratories, where she served as the lab director and special research project coordinator. Prior to her work at J.G. Laboratories, Dr. Alvarez was an adjunct professor at Brighters University, where she led a team of graduate students in a trailblazing study on the use of biometric identification markers in the field of criminal forensics. Given her innovative spirit, visionary leadership, and unparalleled expertise, we are proud to have Dr. Alvarez at the helm of our company, guiding us into uncharted territory and toward exciting new horizons in the field of biometrics. *In the announcement, which of the following is the earliest role mentioned for Dr. Alvarez? A. Executive director B. Adjunct professor C. Lab director D. Graduate student
B. Adjunct professor
Do not reuse empty container. This container may be recycled in one of the limited number of aerosol recycling centers in the country. Before recycling, empty the can by using the product according to the label. If recycling is not available, wrap the container and discard in the trash. *The container mentioned in the passage above most likely refers to: A. A can that cannot be recycled B. An aerosol can C. A non-aerosol can
B. An aerosol can
Today American women have the right to vote. It seems impossible to believe that this right was ever denied to them. Yet it wasn't until 1920 that the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed that gave women that right. Perhaps sometime before the year 2020 we will have our first woman president. That will be a great triumph for women. *Which statement best describes the author's point of view? A. Women should not vote. B. Some day soon there should be a woman president. C. A woman president would be a mistake. D. The 19th Amendment is unbelievable.
B. Some day soon there should be a woman president.
Although the nursing unit did their best to care for the patient, he passed away in a/n ______ manner when his heart stopped. A. violent B. abrupt C. contained D. ordered
B. abrupt
The nurse reminded the patient that he was ordered to be on strict bed rest until the doctor said otherwise. A. lackadaisical B. absolute C. shifting D. lax
B. absolute
The manifestation of a rash on the patient's skin indicated that he was allergic. A. shirking B. appearance C. donning D. acquiescence
B. appearance
When the lab work returned, it appeared that the patient's hematologic values were abnormal. A. circumference B. blood C. immune system D. circulatory
B. blood
The stroke had a/n _______ on the patient's ability to move her right arm. A. affect B. effect C. inference D. innuendo
B. effect
What is the best description for the term fatigue? A. energy level B. exhaustion C. correction D. motivation
B. exhaustion
The patient was brought to the emergency room because he had a planned to ______ a lethal amount of Tylenol. A. inject B. ingest C. build D. summarize
B. ingest
What is the best description for the word retain? A. eliminate B. keep C. despair D. eject
B. keep
Flaccid is best described as ______. A. toned B. limp C. rotted D. amused
B. limp
Melvil Dewey developed and introduced his eponymous Dewey Decimal System for book classification and arrangement in 1876. Prior to that, libraries arranged books in order of when they were acquired. Dewey's system arranged titles into 10 classes, with 10 divisions each, with each division having 10 sections. The first set, 000, includes computer and informational volumes. The 300s group encompasses the social sciences, and the last category, the 900s, identifies history and geography. For mathematics, under the general class of 500, 516 denotes geometry, and 516.3 is specific to analytic geometries. Though the Dewey Decimal System is still in use by many general libraries, the Library of Congress Classification is preferred by many research and academic libraries. In this system, general works fall under the class A, with yearbooks subclassified as AY and dictionaries under AG. *In the first sentence, "eponymous" most likely means: A. most important B. named after a person C. uniquely innovative D. logical and simple
B. named after a person
Peristalsis is a function of the gastrointestinal system that is performed by nerve cells. A. of or relating to the cranial nerves B. of or relating to the pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, and anus C. of or relating to the autonomic nervous system D. of or relating to the colon only
B. of or relating to the pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, and anus
The nurse checked that the tube was patent before she connected the patient's next feeding. A. closed B. open C. available D. hidden
B. open
Ominous is best defined as: A. clarifying B. portentous C. sensuous D. demanding
B. portentous
The patient appeared flushed with fever, which had risen to 101.3 degrees. A. clouded B. reddened C. blackened D. annihilated
B. reddened
The patient's neurovascular system was compromised and he fainted. A. relating to the vascular system and blood flow B. relating to the nerves and especially their effect on blood flow C. relating to the nerves only D. relating to an uninhibited section of the body
B. relating to the nerves and especially their effect on blood flow
What is the best description for the word therapeutic? A. understanding B. remedial C. palliative D. concurrent
B. remedial
Gender is best described as ______. A. applying B. sex C. shape D. predilection
B. sex
The patient demonstrated a neurological deficit he had not shown prior to the accident. A. ability B. shortfall C. error D. concurrence
B. shortfall
n what appeared to be a paroxysmal reaction, the medication only seemed to make the patient's spasms worse. A. unprecedented B. sudden C. ironic D. curved
B. sudden
One may react to someone's sarcastic comment with anger on one occasion but with amusement on another depending on current emotional status. How responsive one is to another's needs can vary significantly if, for example, an employee has just been reprimanded by a superior or praised for excellence in customer relations, or, if someone a professor perceives as an excellent student hands in sub-standard work. Perceptions are different for one who just learned of the death of a favorite relative or has been informed that they have won the lottery. *Based on the passage, which statement about perceptions would the authors of the passage most likely agree? A. One who is both perceptive and emotionally reactive most likely lacks mental stability. B. Perceptions are wrong and should never be trusted. C. Present feelings affect one's perception. D. One should react without being swayed by one's perceptions.
C. Present feelings affect one's perception.
The nurse asked the assistant if she would ______ the bandage. A. conform B. erect C. apply D. administer
C. apply
The girl hadn't eaten properly for weeks; her cheekbones were nearly concave in shape. A. extended B. extinguished C. bowed inward D. bulging
C. bowed inward
The labored respirations of the patient began to be far and few between as he slipped peacefully toward death. A. undertakings B. journey C. breathing D. struggling
C. breathing
The doctors who were participating in rounds wanted to know the patient's status as of this morning. A. bias B. peak C. condition D. cognizance
C. condition
Soon after the surgery, the patient found he had to suppress the urge to vomit. What does "suppress" mean in this context? A. correct B. exemplify C. counter D. antagonize
C. counter
The patient's health appeared to be contingent on her taking the medications. A. erroneous B. contagious C. dependent D. reliable
C. dependent
The toddler's ultrasound contained possible foreign bodies in his abdominal cavity. A. cavern B. container C. empty or hollow space D. defined area
C. empty or hollow space
The nurse practitioner was having trouble getting IV access in the patient's arm. A. control B. protocol C. entry D. permission
C. entry
Primary is best defined as: A. subtle B. following C. first D. aimless
C. first
The patient decided to abstain from alcohol for the rest of his life, which his family agreed was for the better. A. allow B. hide C. forgo D. indulge
C. forgo
The nurse manager lectured the RNs that they would each be held accountable for their actions. A. scrupulously B. heartened C. liable D. acquainted
C. liable
What is the best description for the word elevate? A. rectify B. elucidate C. lift D. plead
C. lift
Melvil Dewey developed and introduced his eponymous Dewey Decimal System for book classification and arrangement in 1876. Prior to that, libraries arranged books in order of when they were acquired. Dewey's system arranged titles into 10 classes, with 10 divisions each, with each division having 10 sections. The first set, 000, includes computer and informational volumes. The 300s group encompasses the social sciences, and the last category, the 900s, identifies history and geography. For mathematics, under the general class of 500, 516 denotes geometry, and 516.3 is specific to analytic geometries. Though the Dewey Decimal System is still in use by many general libraries, the Library of Congress Classification is preferred by many research and academic libraries. In this system, general works fall under the class A, with yearbooks subclassified as AY and dictionaries under AG. *According to the passage, in the Dewey Decimal System, all books are categorized into: A. one general class B. one general class and one division C. one general class, one division, and one section D. one general class, including AG
C. one general class, one division, and one section
It is early summer. August's long-awaited vacation time still seems ages away, but by the same token, its torpor-producing heat and mildew-generating humidity have not yet arrived. Instead, these cool, end-of-June days practically insist on getting the picnic season under way immediately. But alas, there is difficulty: alfresco dining has a bad name among us. Tenth-rate hot dogs, carbonized chicken parts and beef a la charcoal lighter are principally what come to mind when we hear the words "outdoor food." *The passage implies that the author believes: A. picnicking is the best way to spend summer. B. August is better than June for a picnic. C. picnicking has an unsavory reputation. D. picnicking is better alfresco.
C. picnicking has an unsavory reputation.
The patient was ________ to aspiration, and that's why they made sure he was sitting upright for dinner. A. weakened B. suspected C. predisposed D. easy
C. predisposed
The nurse noted in the chart, "The patient was rational when he decided to agree to the necessary surgery." Describe the patient's behavior. A. jarring B. daring C. reasonable D. exemplary
C. reasonable
Gloves are a required precaution when dealing with blood and other bodily fluids. A. recommendation B. situation C. safeguard D. accommodation
C. safeguard
While silk-stocking Manhattan is asleep, East Harlem is starting to bustle. The poor are early risers. They have jobs others don't want: the early-hour jobs, the late-hour jobs. The streets are filled with fast-moving people: men, women, and swarms of children of all sizes. Some will stand at the bus stops, but most will crowd into the downtown subways that speed them to jobs to serve the affluent. East Harlem is a busy place, night and day, filled with the joyous and troubled lives of residents - rather than the heavy commercial traffic of midManhattan. There is so much togetherness. *The main idea of this passage is that the residents of East Harlem: A. are dissatisfied with their jobs. B. are poorer than Manhattan's residents. C. share common struggles and goals. D. disdain the rich of Manhattan.
C. share common struggles and goals.
Although the patient tested positive for mononucleosis, she showed no _______. A. aftereffects B. disappointment C. symptoms D. lethargy
C. symptoms
The drainage coming from the wound had the consistency of mucus but looked like blood. A. variation B. aroma C. texture D. erraticism
C. texture
The medication was ordered to be given as a sublingual dose. A. oral B. by mouth C. under the tongue D. rectally
C. under the tongue
The medication could cause a burning sensation, so the pharmacy technician diluted it with normal saline. A. potentiated B. poisoned C. weakened D. glorified
C. weakened
Many mammals instinctively raise their fur when they are cold - a reaction produced by tiny muscles just under the skin that surround hair follicles. When the muscles contract, the hairs stand up, creating an increase in air space under the fur. The air space provides more effective insulation for the mammal's body, thus allowing it to retain more heat for longer periods of time. Some animals also raise their fur when they are challenged by predators or even other members of their own species. The raised fur makes the animal appear slightly bigger and ideally, more powerful. Interestingly, though devoid of fur, humans still retain this instinct. So, the next time a horror movie gives you "goosebumps", remember that your skin is following a deep-seated mammalian impulse now rendered obsolete. *Based on the passage, the author would most likely describe "goosebumps" in humans as: A. An unnecessary and unexplained phenomenon. B. A harmful but necessary measure. C. An amusing but dangerous feature. D. A useless but interesting remnant.
D. A useless but interesting remnant.
Embarking on the fight for independence, America faced formidable obstacles. The Continental Congress did not have the authority to pass binding legislation to impose taxes. The new nation had no army and no navy, and its population numbered only 2.5 million people, 20 percent of whom were slaves. Britain, by contrast, was a mighty power of 11 million people with the world's best navy and a well-disciplined army. Fifty thousand troops were in North America in 1776, and Britain hired thirty thousand German soldiers to supplement forces during the war. However, the American Revolutionaries were not deterred. *What is the main point of the passage? A. Britain was a great power whose population outnumbered that of America's. B. America's military forces were less experienced than Britain's military. C. America's Continental Congress had limited authority. D. As America was about to engage in its struggle for autonomy, it was faced with arduous barriers.
D. As America was about to engage in its struggle for autonomy, it was faced with arduous barriers.
When learners can act from their most vital selves, their curiosity emerges. They want to make sense of things and seek out challenges that are in their range of capacities and values. This leads to what human beings experience as interest, the emotional nutrient for a continuing positive attitude toward learning. When we feel interested, we have to make choices about what to do to follow that interest. Such choosing or self-determination involves a sense of feeling free in doing what one has chosen to do (Deci and Ryan, 1991). For the process of learning—thinking, practicing, reading, revising, studying, and other similar activities—to be desirable and genuinely enjoyable, adults must see themselves as personally endorsing their own learning. *According to the passage, which of the following is true? A. In order for adults to endorse their own learning, they must follow the steps of the learning process. B. A positive attitude toward learning is interesting to adults. C. Interest is a challenge that learners seek out. D. Interest is a result of learners being genuinely curious.
D. Interest is a result of learners being genuinely curious.
I. We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. II. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. *What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage? A. It explains how the government will provide security for all. B. It analyzes the reason for government. C. It persuades the reader to learn more about the government. D. It identifies the ideas for which the government stands.
D. It identifies the ideas for which the government stands.
Camp Wildflower is the perfect, year-round escape for you and your family. We offer a variety of accommodations to fit every preference and budget. For families who wish to enjoy a traditional camping experience, we offer large campsites with level ground for your tent, as well as hookups to access electricity and water. Our Rustic Campsites can accommodate pop-ups, trailers, and most midsize recreational vehicles. For those who prefer to camp indoors and have the budget for a few amenities, we also offer a wide range of cabins, from our Simple Bungalows to our Luxury Cottages. Campers who stay during our off-season months (October through May) will enjoy a 20 percent discount on all accommodations. Call today to plan your family's next favorite vacation! *Of the following combinations of accommodations, which does the passage suggest would offer the lowest possible rate at Camp Wildflower? A. Simple Bungalow in March B. Simple Bungalow in June C. Rustic Campsite in September D. Rustic Campsite in February
D. Rustic Campsite in February
Giant trees once covered more than a million acres of California land. They live more than one thousand years and can grow up to 300 feet. People wanted to farm the rich California soil and the trees were in the way. Now they are nearly gone. The redwood trees are preserved in state and national forests and parks so that people may enjoy their splendor. *What happened to the redwood trees? A. They were killed by wild animals B. They burned in forest fires C. They had a disease and died D. They were cut down by people.
D. They were cut down by people.
Oral is best defined as: A. audible B. constitutive C. significant D. by mouth
D. by mouth
The doctor's report indicated that the patient's _______ status was at risk from the medications he was taking. A. musculoskeletal B. pancreatic C. cholecystic D. cardiac
D. cardiac
The preexisting condition was covered by insurance, and the patient did not have to pay for surgery. A. juxtaposing B. false C. negligible D. exist beforehand
D. exist beforehand
What is the best description for the word nutrient? A. substance B. energy C. program D. food
D. food
Myths are stories, the product of fertile imaginations, sometimes simple, often containing profound truths. They are not meant to be taken too literally. Details may sometimes appear childish, but mostly myths express a culture's most serious beliefs about human beings, eternity and God. *The main idea of this passage is that myths: A. are created primarily to entertain young children. B. are purposefully written for the reader who lacks imagination. C. provide the reader with a means of escape from reality. D. illustrate the values that are considered important to a society.
D. illustrate the values that are considered important to a society.
The doctor had put his opinion in the plainest language possible; there was nothing more to be done for the patient besides comfort care. A. professional B. condoned C. single D. overt
D. overt
Which word means "to happen again"? A. tended B. recommended C. follow D. recur
D. recur
The doctor gave an order to ________ the patient as necessary in order to keep the patient from hurting himself. A. focus B. correlate C. caress D. restrict
D. restrict
In order to retain weight and maintain a good nutritional status, the doctor wanted the patient to ________ his diet with additional foods containing protein. A. template B. blend C. continue D. supplement
D. supplement
What is the best description for the word comply? A. to argue loudly B. to soften or make malleable C. to reluctantly agree D. to follow instructions willingly
D. to follow instructions willingly
