Reading Smartbook- Chapter 16 SOCI 1301

All of the following are major sociological approaches to war except for which approach?

functionalist

The United States is commonly classified as a representative democracy, a form of government ______.

in which certain individuals are selected to speak for the people

Which groups play an important role in Domhoff's model of the power elite?

leaders of labor unions elites of the corporate community a small number of women and minority men in key positions

A representative democracy is a political system that has a ______.

legislature made up of elected members

What is the political system in which a few individuals (usually military leaders) rule the masses?

oligarchy

When sociologists refer to a political system, they are referring to the social institution that is based on a recognized set of procedures for implementing ______.

society's goals social policies

Leaders with rational-legal authority are considered to have ______.

specific areas of competence

The power elite model of C. Wright Mills is similar to the work of Karl Marx in that both ______.

state that a small group of influential individuals controls the economic activities in a society

The roots of the elite model of power can be traced back to ______.

Karl Marx

The two main models of the American political power structure are the power elite model and the ______ model.

pluralist

When it comes to voting, the young see it as ______.

the candidates' responsibility to persuade them to vote

C. Wright Mills power elite model supposes that those in power constitute a conspiracy of influential people.

False

Sociologist Alfred McClung Lee has likened terrorism to the theater, where certain scenes are played out in predictable fashion. This view is most associated with ______.

Goffman's dramaturgical approach

A conflict between trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons is a broad definition of ______.

war

Why is the United States considered a representative democracy?

Members of Congress and state legislators vote on our laws.

______ is the ability to exercise one's will over others.

Power

Identify the features of power.

Power lies at the heart of a political system. Power enables a person to control the behavior of others.

Which of the following is a belief common to all terrorists?

The end justifies the means.

Sociologist G. William Domhoff stresses the role played by leaders of organizations in the policy-planning network, such as chambers of commerce and labor unions.

True

A government ruled by the people is referred to as ______.

a democracy

The pluralist model suggests that ______.

a variety of groups play a significant role in decision making

The term _____ refers to power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal and emotional appeal to his or her followers.

charismatic authority

Dictators rule primarily through the use of ______.

coercion

In addition to actions such as imprisonment and execution, force in a political system can also take the form of ______.

coercion

A _____ plays a large role in both political parties, generating support for particular candidates through direct-mail appeals.

corporate-conservative coalition

Peace can be defined as both the absence of war and the ______.

effort to develop cooperation among nations

In general, voter turnout in the United States is relatively low among which of the following populations?

ethnic minorities the young the poor

Which of the following statements about women and racial and ethnic minority groups in government are accurate?

Despite a record high number of female and racial and ethnic minorities in public office, two of every three members of Congress are white non-Hispanic men. Most eligible Black voters were disenfranchised until 1965, when national voting rights legislation was passed.

Why might some conflict theorists argue that industrialized Western nations are oligarchies rather than true democracies?

In practice, power is concentrated among a small, elite group of business, government, and military leaders.

In Mills's model, which statements are true about the power elite?

It operates as a self-conscious, cohesive unit. It is composed of similar types of people who interact regularly with one another. It functions as community of common interest among a small number of influential people.

Which statement is true about women and minorities in the U.S. Congress?

The number of female and minority representatives still lags behind the number of white male politicians.

A government that is ruled by a member of a royal family is called ______.

a monarchy

Although each country had a unique political system, each is founded on ______.

a recognized set of procedures

Political polarization refers to ______.

a sharpening divide between the two political parties in the United States

What are some explanations for voter apathy among the young?

alienation from the political system registration difficulties

In addition to physical violence, contemporary terrorism involves the use of ______.

anonymous manifestos the media

The term _____ refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.

authority

Today, monarchs in most countries have ______ power.

ceremonial

According to Max Weber, _____ lets a person lead or inspire without relying on set rules or traditions.

charisma

Many analysts contend that peace between potential adversaries is best maintained by ______.

developing mutual security agreements

The theory that states that society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share political and economic interests is known as the ______ model of power relations.

elite

If someone threatens or coerces you into doing something, they are demonstrating power over you by using ______.

force

The legal definition of war is the ______.

formal declaration of hostilities

Which are negative consequences of polarization?

inaction, with neither side willing to compromise tendency for citizens to overlook the complexity of most social issues

Sociological research suggests that which of the following social practices have relatively positive outcomes for securing peace?

international trade foreign student exchange programs international charities and organizations

Recently white supremacists have been tagged as terrorists. This designation would be of most interest to a(n) ______.

labeling theorist

Traditional authority can best be defined as ______.

legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice

When voter participation declines, it makes government ______.

less accountable to the citizenry

A _____ is based in unions, local environmental organizations, a segment of the minority group community, liberal churches, and the university and arts communities.

liberal-labor coalition

The term describes both the lack of war and a proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations.

peace

In a(n) model, many competing groups within the community have access to government and no single group is dominant.

pluralist

According to social scientists who insist that power in the United States is more widely shared, a _____ more accurately describes the political system of United States.

pluralist model

The Constitution of the United States gives Congress and the president the authority to make and enforce laws and policies, a type of authority known as ______ authority.

rational-legal

A government supports an economy by ______.

regulating commerce and employment

Dictators typically attain positions of power by ______.

seizing power and using forceful tactics

The use or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims is known as .

terrorism

In Domhoff's model, the three groups that hold political power are ______.

the corporate community, policy-planning networks, and the upper social class

According to Mills's model, which group is on the top of the American power structure?

the corporate rich

The power elite and the pluralist models address the question of ______.

the location of politic power in complex societies

A democracy is a government ruled by ______.

the people

C. Wright Mills's power elite model is different from the work of Karl Marx in its consideration that ______.

the powerful class uses military and political establishments to coordinate its actions

Traditional authority is absolute when ______.

the ruler determines the laws

According to Mills's model, which group is on the bottom of the American power structure?

the unorganized, exploited masses

In a political system based on _____, legitimate power is conferred by custom and accepted practice.

traditional authority