Recreation 415 Exam One
How much did the Chinese government spend on facilities and infrastructure costs to host the 2008 Olympic Games?
$42 Billion
Beckerman Recreation Center
- A 56,600-square-foot student recreation center featuring - Two multi-purpose group fitness studios - Weight room & fitness center - Two racquetball courts - Two hardwood activity courts (for basketball, volleyball, and badminton) - A multi-activity court (for basketball, volleyball, indoor soccer, floor/roller hockey, and various other activities) - Jogging track - Juice bar - Locker rooms (men's, women's, and individual use) - Lounge areas.
Grading
- Changing, remodeling, or reshaping the earth's surface - This can include removing dirt, rocks, trees, and other vegetation.
Construction Phase
- Contract award with references and qualifications of all parties - Construction schedule through substantial completion - Construction process and change orders - Inspection process
Design Phase
- Design planning with architects - Schematic drawings and cost estimates - Design development with details such as HVAC systems - Review and verification of legal, bidding, and construction documents
Occupancy Phase
- Finishing - Occupancy permit - Facility maintenance and renovations
Camden Yards LED lights
- Light Quality - Energy Efficiency - Cost Effectiveness - Glare Control
Concerns of Lighting System
- One challenge with the Musco game lights is that they produce extreme heat and if used for a long period (over 5 or 6 hours), it makes our electrical room extremely warm. This could present a fire hazard if it is not cooled or monitored. Once the game lights are on for a while, they require some time to cool down if you change the light settings. It is also expensive to run due to the amount of electricity they require to produce the 1,000 watts or 5,000 candelas. - The building was designed without a catwalk. This in itself poses some challenges when it comes to access and maintenance. When Musco lights would burn out we would have to wait for a bunch to burn out to make it worth our while to rent a lift to reach the lights. The only lift that can reach the ceiling of the arenas is a very expensive lift—$5,000 per week rental. This was also a major factor in our decision to switch to the LED lights; their life span is much longer than the regular Musco lights.
Why are fitness Center memberships Cancelled?
- Price - The number one reason people cancel fitness center memberships is due to cleanliness.
Soft Opening
- The People's United Center (then named the TD Banknorth Sports Center) opened on January 27, 2007. - We didn't have the opportunity for a soft open and hadn't had a chance to test arena traffic flow, parking, restrooms, staff training, or anything with large crowds. Luckily all went well, but it was a stressful
HVAC issues at People's United Center
- The ice itself requires a lot of energy attention to maintain its temperature, plus we put high stress levels on our HVAC system to keep the humidity at moderate levels while dealing with outside temperatures and large amounts of carbon dioxide given off from large crowds. - The challenge exists to keep the humidity out of the venue. Our HVAC system was designed to pull in air and cool it, and we do not have a system that allows us to exhaust the hot air. This puts a heavy stress load on our air conditioning for the events that occur during the warmer months.
List at least four of the major ways modern facilities differ from ancient facilities in terms of management requirements.
1) setting up for media 2) providing athletic training rooms 3) providing food & beverages for 100,000 and spectators 4) complying with environmental, zoning, and legal issues
The Circus Maximus was originally built with wood and could hold between ______ and ______ people?
150,000 and 300,000 people
How long are facilities designed to last
50 years
Where and when was the first known Olympic Games Held?
776 BC every four years at the base of Mt. Olympus for almost 1,000 years.
Change Orders
A change order is a document used to record an amendment to your original construction contract. Change orders in construction create a record of additional services being provided to the customer, along with costing for those services.
How long are sports facilities designed to last?
Approximately 50 years.
Why seek any kind of certification?
Certification provides a seal of approval from an independent organization. Certified buildings are most cost efficient and are better for the environment. They last longer with fewer issues over the life of the building.
Hippodromes were used by the Greeks for which sports?
Chariot and Horse Races
Direct Costs
Costs that can be specifically identified with a particular project or activity, include labor, materials, equipment, and subcontractor costs
Indirect Costs
Costs that cannot be easily and accurately traced to a cost object, typically include builder profits, legal fees, insurance costs, printing costs, and other such expenses.
Step Three Business Plan
Create a Marketing Plan
Step Five Business Plan
Define your resources
Step One Business Plan
Determine and define the business opportunity
Step Four Business Plan
Develop a business structure
Event Day Issues
Effective communication can never be understated. I find most problems stem from miscommunication. For load-ins and setups, I develop and utilize a central system. E-mails, phone calls, texts, radios, and word of mouth can all be effective, but when used interchangeably, the mishmash can be disastrous
The Olympic Stadium in Athens (host of the 1896 Olympic Games centuries later) was closed from holding the Games by ________ because he felt the Games were ________
Emperor Theodosius"too Pagan".
Cons of outsourcing
Expense- fixed monthly management fee plus incentives Control- sometimes facility managers are better off relying on their own management expertise Loyalty- Turnover of loyalty if private management company comes in Responsibility- private management companies are sometimes put in the position to aggressively pursue the bottom line at the expense of the owner's goals, objectives, desires, and external responsibilities
The feasibility study will tell the prospective facility owner whether to build the facility or not. True or False?
False(provides information, but does not tell anyone to build or not to build.)to see if needs can be met and at what cost
_____ is the father of modern management theory.
Frederick Taylor
Stages of Attendance
I think every person who oversees a venue or has any dealings with sales has a daily concern with game attendance. It drives all your key revenue areas, such as ticket revenue and sponsorship revenue. No matter how well you do with ticket sales, you always feel uneasy until you get that first glance at the crowd during the game
Is it cheaper to keep and old tenant or get a new tenant?
It is cheaper to keep an old tenant
What was the admission price at the Coliseum and Circus Maximus?
It was free but concessions sold fast food and snacks. Spectators could rent a seat cushion if they did not bring theirs from home
What does LEED stand for, and what is its purpose?
LEED stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. It is a rating system that evaluates a building's environmental performance over its life cycle. Requires recertification every 5 years Costs 20k-60k
Housekeeping
Largest vendor contract at Camden Yards
_____ are traditionally good at speaking and communicating, and are outgoing
Leaders
Facility Managers spend the majority of their time doing what?
Managing Facilities- access control, security, fire safety, etc-32%
Which term describes where furniture and other equipment can be moved in the future to free up room?
Move Management
What are the three managerial functions?
Organizing, Implementing, and Controlling
Computer-Assisted Facility Management (CAFM)
Originated in the 1970's. Computer Aided Drafting (CAD). Making facility management easier
0.5%-1.5%
Percentage of slope away from the center of baseball infield
What is the major difference between publicly and privately funded sport facilities?
Private facilities can operate at a loss without a significant outcry from public.
Number one concern of Mr. Kastel
Public safety and risk mitigation
Elton Mayo and the Hawthorne Studies
Relationship of supervisor and work group influence productivity. Informal work groups affect worker performance
What does SERF stand for, and what is its purpose?
Society of Environmentally Responsible Buildings · Cheaper and faster alternative to LEED · Evaluates components such as energy or water efficiency, occupancy health, waste reduction, and innovative practices · 4k-12k
What is a tenant?
Tenants are stakeholders such as sports teams
What was the Coliseum also known as?
The Flavian Amphitheater
What is the most important skill as a leader?
The ability to hire good workers
Concession Ventilation
The concession area is in the middle of the main lobby rather than being off the back of the lobby. The placement offers some challenges with venting and line formations. Since we cannot have a vent through the roof for exhaust, we are limited with food options; we cannot grill burgers or sandwiches and cannot have pizza ovens. All our food must be prepared in the main kitchen upstairs and brought down to the main concession area for sales.
It costs money to terminate an employee. True or False?
True
the original Stadia was shaped like an elongated U to allow easy access and good viewing. true or false?
True
Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)
Utilized to design facilities and allow a facility to be planned and moved around on the screen without having to print blueprints each time there is a change
What is one of the biggest concerns, outside of construction costs, associated with building Olympic facilities?
What happens to the facilities after the games. What to use the facility for after the Olympics.
Site Mission Statement
Will drive the options available for the most appropriate sites. Might focus on choosing a site that minimizes the negative impact on natural resources or that leverages the relationships between various government and nongovernment entities
Who did not have special seating privilege's at the Coliseum?
Women and the poor
turnkey contract
a method of organizing a building project in which a contractor and a designer agree to provide a finished building at an agreed-upon price. Upon completion of the project, all the owner has to do is "turn the key" in the door. Most turnkey projects are built for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
What will likely be an issue for future sport facilities?
a. political battles b. technological changes
According to Herzberg, a manager can reduce dissatisfaction by improving factors such as
adding responsibilities, providing more meaningful work, providing greater autonomy, providing job feedback
A general job description should include
all the skills, abilities, and training needed in order to complete the job, the type of degree required, if any, and whether the position is full-time or part-time
Single-Stream Recycling
all trash and recycling are put in the same trash bins and then sorted off-site.
What is a feasibility study?
analysis that takes all of a projects relevant factors into account, including economic, technical, legal, and scheduling observations to determine the viability of an idea, such as ensuring a project is legally and technically feasible as well as economically justifiable.
The Coliseum had an elevator to move ______ from the subterranean enclosures to the floor.
animals
External Constituent
are stakeholders outside the facility such as governmental leaders. Alumni, donors, and others who have an interest in the facility but are outside the traditional facility planning process.
Internal Constituent
are the people who will use the facility, such as athletes, spectators, or students.
What is the collective bargaining agreement?
developed when an organized body of employees negotiates with management (union). To get a collective bargaining agreement, both sides often take part in the negotiation for wages, hours, discipline process, overtime, breaks, working conditions, and uniforms.
Stadia was home to many events such as?
footraces, horse races, boxing, wrestling, the pentathlon, and other running events.
Reasons for losing an employee are
frequent supervisory changes, unclear expectations, lack of feedback, lack of rewards, poor pay, lack of advancement, poor supervision, and company culture clash
Nonexempt Worker
generally are paid an hourly salary and are eligible for overtime pay (plumbers, electricians, carpenters)
The business plan serves multiple purposes, such as
helping allocate resources, setting realistic goals and objectives, establishing standards for measuring feasibility, or operating as a benchmark for future activity
Preventive maintenance
includes annual inspections, diligent oversight of all facilities, and encouraging all coaches to inform me if they see any irregularity or issue that needs to be addressed.
Scientific management can help
increase physical output, decrease unit costs, reduce employee fatigue and injuries, eventually increase wages through increasing profits
Benefits of outsourcing
increased network (better booking, more events, better deals) Increased corporate support Reduced stress, time, and budget implications No preferential treatment from competing departmental interest Professional growth More effective negotiation of labor agreements Increased contacts and knowledge Privatization shares a database and industry research
Maintenance systems
is the underlying brains for current facility maintenance efforts. A stadium has so many moving parts, equipment, and personnel that it is very difficult to keep track of everything and when items were purchased, repaired, sold, or scrapped. It is also difficult to turn on and off lights, control the temperature, and control the humidity level without a computer system that integrates all these efforts into a simple system
Zoning restrictions
local government's legal constraints of land use in given areas of the city
what are some of the similarities in terms of management requirements for ancient and modern facilities?
managing rowdy crowds, providing security, controlling petty crimes, and moving large numbers of people
Full-time workers
one job with their primary employment and usually work at least 40 hours a week.
Part-time workers
people who work less than 40 hours a week. Ushers, Security, Food service, and Janitorial. Make up the majority of staff for events and gamedays.
site location
physical placement of a property and its surrounding vicinity, one of most important considerations of planning
Which of the following can influence long-term planning?
political trends, geographical trends, economic trends
Which of the following cannot be asked during an interview?
questions about Race, Religion, Sex, Pregnancy Status, Disabilities, Age, Marital Status
Induced Effects
refer to the multiplier effect and visitor spending being recirculated in the community
Space Management
refers to current and future space needs and the proper allocation of time and space for bookings, which are the best means to maximize revenue generation
Redirected Spending
refers to money that would have been spent on other entertainment in the same area, such as spending at a local movie theater rather than at the ballpark
The Ripple Effect
represents the spread of money through the economy
The Stadia also held ceremonies such as?
sacrifices, speeches, poetry recitals, singers, parades, banquets, and victory celebrations
SWOT analysis
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
What is Quid Pro Quo
superior demands sexual favors to obtain, keep, or be promoted into a job
Mayo concluded that increasing light causes workers to be more productive as a result of an improvement in the work environment is represent
the Hawthorne Effect.
Economic Impact is defined as?
the net economic change in a host community that results from spending attributed to a sport event or facility
Exempt Worker
they are salaried, but are not eligible for overtime pay (executives, admin, professionals)
FFE stands for: furniture, fixtures, and equipment. True or False?
true
The key to a strong feasibility study is accurate data. True or False?
true
Step 7 Business Plan
· Complete the business plan
What are the 7 steps of a business plan?
· Determine and define the business opportunity · Make an operational plan · Create a marketing plan · Develop a business structure · Define your resources · Work up a financial plan · Complete the business plan
What are the steps as a manager if sexual harassment has occurred?
· First Step is to contact human resources · Both parties deserve right to privacy in this matter
Step Two Business Plan
· Make an operational plan
What are the 6 uses of Computer Aided Facility Management?
· Space and Asset Management- focuses on occupancy information, space planning, asset management, and move management. · CAD- used to plan and design the floor plan for the facility to optimize flow and function. · Capital Planning and Facility Assessment- track the condition of the facility and equipment to improve operation, maintenance, and management. · Maintenance and Operation- used to track any asset or equipment that needs to be fixed or any situation in which maintenance personnel need to be more effectively utilized. · Real Estate and Property Management- helps track all the space and how it is being purchased, leased, managed, and disposed of. · Catch All Application- streamlines the entire facility management process
What was the Coliseum used for?
· Started by Vespasian in 72 CE, inaugurated in 80 CE by Titus with 100 days of celebrations, during which several thousand wild beasts and gladiators were reputedly killed.
Step Six Business Plan
· Work up a financial plan
Displacement
· refers to a portion of hotel rooms that would have been full regardless of whether or not the event took place
What does pankration mean?
· the event featured wrestling, boxing, and martial arts. Competitors could use arm twisting, punching, kicking, breaking bones, and even strangulation.
