Regional Planning
What five ways can planning at the local level make a contribution to environmental quality (10)?
1. Control of the intensity of development 2. Control of the type of development 3. Control of the location of development 4. Public capital investment 5. Control of the operation once development is complete
What are three (3) motives for pursuing economic development? (Local Economic Development Programs) (5).
1. Employment - increase local economy 2. Property tax relief 3. Economic growth
Most writers define sustainable development as addressing three goals. What are these goals? (Planning for Sustainability) (5).
1. Environmental Quality 2. Social equity 3. Economic develpment
Give the four (4) reasons that environmental problems can be difficult to deal with. (10)
1. Environmental process may be complex and not fully understood. 2. Environmental problems are not respecters of political boundaries. 3. The solution of one environmental problem may become the cause of another 4. Environmental issues can arouse strong emotions and produce formidable political conflict
What is another name for growth management?" (The Challenge of Smart Growth) (5)
"Smart Growth".
Identify and describe five (5) transportation system management (TSM) techniques
1. Improved vehicular flow: Signals Ramps and Freeway One way streets No on-street parking Reversible Lanes Off Street loading Transit- Stop relocation 2. Preferential treatment of high-occupancy vehicles Freeway bus and carpool lanes and access ramps Bus and carpool lanes on city streets and urban arterials Bus preemption of traffic signals Toll policies 3. Reduced pead-period travel Work rescheduling Congestion pricing Peak-period truck restrictions 4. Parking management Parking regulations Park-and-ride facilities 5. Promotion of nonauto or high-occupancy auto use Ride-sharing Human-powered travel modes Auto-restricted zones
Interstate and inter-municipal economic competition is driven partly by two considerations. Identify. (5)
1. Labor market - job growth 2. Tax reasons
What are the four (4) goals of environmental planning? (10)
1. Minimizing threats to human health and life 2. Preserving resources for future use 3. Achieving aesthetic and recreational goals 4. Minimizing damage to the environment for its own sake rather than humanity's sake
Why we subsidize public transportation? (5 reasons). (10)
1. Not everyone drives-elderly, children, disability, can't afford it 2. It improves circulation 3. Can improve environmental quality 4. Permits a more compact urban development 5. Income redistribution
At the state level, what are the two traditional approach used towards economic development. (State Economic Development Efforts)(5)
1. Provide information 2. Financial incentives
$What can a community do to promote economic growth? Identify and briefly describe 4 ways. (10)
1. Sales and promotion - marketing, advertising, selling. Sell the "product" 2. Subsidization- tax abatement, set up loans, credit-granting arrangements 3. Making sites and buildings available 4. Land use control and provision of infrastructure
How can transportation planning have social implications?(5)
Access to employment, services, health care.
What is a relatively new form of public that has been very successful in other countries (e.g., Bogota, Colombia; Curitiba, Brazil)?
BRT- Bus Rapid Transit
What is the most often type of technical aid to decision making used in transportation planning
Benefit-cost analysis
What is the biggest force behind smart growth? (The Challenge of Smart Growth) (5)
Citizen concern of traffic congestion.
$What is the Brundtland Commission definition of sustainable development? (Planning for Sustainability) (10).
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
$What are "greenfields" and "brownfields"?(5)
G: a site, usually suburban or rural, never been used for commercial or industrial purpose B: a site, usually urban, has been or is in commercial or industrial use
Why is its advantage?(5)
Has greater flexibility in that the bus can also run on ordinary streets and those routes can readily be adjusted
"Interplace economic competition has a certain amount of "positive feedback." Explain. (5)
If one state or municipality offers firms an attractive subsidy for locating there, or launches a massive publicity campaign to promote itself as a good location, other states and municipalities are likely to respond in kind.
What is an argument in favor of private or "gated" communities; what is an argument against it? (5)
In Favor: Gated Communities have a marketing advantage, buyer gets entire package with purchase of home. Against: They create a sense of balkanization and economic segregation.
What kind of issues and changes in planning are being brought to the forefront by the "graying of the population"?(5)
In Housing and land use. Seniors have different housing needs and many use public transportation because they can't drive anymore.
What is latest most important Federal Government Act related to transportation (name) and what is its main feature that makes it important for planning?(10)
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), 1991 Contains features to integrate transportation planning with land use and environmental planning
What is "cap and trade" (explain). (5)
Is an environmentally and economically sensible approach to controlling greenhouse gas emissions
What is the main problem associated with the provision of public mass transit?(5)
It can't sustain itself
How can environmental policies have major social consequences?(5
Jobs - One Person's environmental protection is another's unemployment.
Describe the relationship between transportation planning and land use.(5)
Land use shapes the demand for transportation and transportation changes the value of the land
What are Ewing' three (3) indicators of sprawl, and Levy's two (2) "functional indicators". (The Challenge of Smart Growth) (10) Ewing:
Leapforg or scattered development 1. Commercial strip development 2. Large expanses of low-density or single-use development Levy: 1. Poor accessibility 2. Functional open space
What does structural unemployment refers to? What are the two aspects of it? (Federal presence in Local Economic Development)(10)
Long-term mismatch between the supply of labor and the demand for labor. 1. Skills 2. Geographic
Identify three (3) causes of homelessness.(5)
Mental Illness, Drugs and Alcohol, Unemployment.
What is the main theme/hypothesis of the "Broken Windows" article.(5)
Police were forceful and made bums leave certain areas while not caring about other areas and that created criminal activity.
How can housing policies help produce unemployment?(5)
Policies and economic forces that separate the housing that low-income workers can afford from the jobs for which they are qualified can produce unemployment.
Define "growth management." (10)
Regulation of the amount, timing, location, and character of development. Heavily motivated by environmental considerations.
Explain Reilly's Law of Retail Gravitation.
The force of attraction of each destination is proportional to its square feet of floor space divided by the square of the distance.
$What are three basic choices facing the formulation of an environmental policy?(10)
The increase level of 1. Transportation use more than a quarter of U.S. energy 2. Housing is a major consumer of energy 3. Should consider both of local issue and large issue of global warming
Levy states, "housing is probably the area in which physical planning decisions have their greatest social effects." Explain.(10) (p. 106)
The quality of the housing can determine the people who will live where. This can affect many things.
What are the new growing characteristics of tolls and highways?(how being run and technology)(5)
They are being privatized Toll changes for the time of day. They are becoming more common.
What did the failure of the Pruitt-Igoe project highlight? (5) (p.106)
Ultimately, physical design can't solve peoples psychological, family, economic, legal or drug problems.
What is the issue of "environmental justice" about?(5)
Whether minorities and the poor bear a disproportionate share of the burden of environmental problems.
What is the biggest single cause of global warming?(5)
carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere
What are the goals of energy planning?(5)
saving of nonrenewable energy resources
