Rehab 2
What is a major challenge to conducting research that compares different intervention approaches for children with hearing loss?
Finding enough families to participate
With respect to helping patients tell their story, habituation refers to:
Professionals assuming a "we've heard it all before" attitude
Which of the following is characteristic of informational counseling?
Providing information about the client's aided and unaided audibility levels
In the survey, what was the most frequent response for how often SLPs performed hearing aid listening checks with students?
Rarely
Aging adults may experience greater speech perception difficulties than what would be expected based on their audiometric thresholds.
True
High levels of family involvement in early intervention can mitigate the negative consequences of later identification of hearing loss.
True
Results suggested that early-identified children with severe hearing loss outperformed late-identified children with mild hearing loss.
True
As of 2003, why was there little prospective research on outcomes of infants and toddlers with hearing loss?
Until around the 1990s, the average age of identification of hearing loss was approximately 2 years of age
The prevalence of hearing loss is higher in (adults/children) and (males/females).
adults ; males
What area of language development was significantly different between the screened and no-screened groups, as described by Yoshinaga-Itano?
all of the above
Which of the following comments would suggest that the patient is not yet assuming the responsibility of living with hearing loss?
"Other people are excluding me from conversations"
What are the 1-3-6 benchmarks, as described by JCIH and AAP?.
1-3-6 1-newborn hearing screening before one month 3-diagnose hearing loss before 3 months of age 6- enroll those diagnosed in early intervention by 6 months of age
Write out these acronyms: (YOU FILLED OUT) UNHS EHDI ABR OAE
1-Universal newborn hearing screening 2- Early hearing detection and intervention 3-auditory brainstem response 4-otoacoustic emissions
Which of these treatments did the authors consider to be the most aggressive?
2 hearing aids
An indicator that adults have a difficult time adjusting to their self-concept of a person with hearing loss is the fact that only about ____ of the population who would benefit from hearing aids actually obtain and use them.
30%
With appropriate lighting and viewing angle, approximately ___ % of speech visible.
33
Listening effort, or the allocation of mental resources to overcome obstacles during listening activities, may be assessed via
All of the above
What is the optimal distance between speaker and receiver for speechreading?
5 feet
Around ___ of children with hearing loss are born into families with normal-hearing parents.
90%
Looking at Figure 1 and the results section, which of the following statements summarizes the main findings?
A and B only
What is a major limitation of this study?
All of the above
Which of the following would be a contradiction for a standard-length cochlear implant?
Adult with bilateral VIII nerve tumors
Medicare guidelines for cochlear implant candidacy are more conservative than the current FDA guidelines. The Medicare guidelines will only apply to which of the following populations?
Adults 65 or older
Which of the following may be interpreted as evidence to support adult hearing screening programs?
Adults over 60 year with untreated mild hearing loss or worse score more poorly on cognitive measures
Which population was the first to be approved for use of a cochlear implant by the Food and Drug Administration?
Adults with postlingual deafness
Which device can be worn while swimming, without needing a special case?
Advanced Bionics Neptune
Which of the following points could you use to argue that audiologists should change how they classify hearing loss for children who are deaf or hard of hearing, compared to adults with hearing loss?
All of the above
Which of the following variables influence the psychological, emotional, and social development of Deaf individuals?
All of the above
What is one limitation of this study?
All participants were exposed to both the simulation and hearing loss classification conditions
Which therapeutic approach to pediatric aural habilitation strongly de-emphasizes the use of speechreading?
Auditory-verbal
Decreased attendance at church or family dinners due to the challenges with listening is an example of:
Avoidance techniques
What was the primary motivation for conducting a randomized controlled trial on speechreading in this study?
Better speechreading skills may result in improved reading outcomes for children who are deaf
Adults 65 or older
Bimodal
How could you best compare the results from the Haggard and Primus study and the Aguila-Vinson study?
Both laypeople and SLP students underestimate the communication impact of hearing loss on children when presented with classification terms
What factor was most strongly related to comfort level with different skills?
Caseload composition
Which of the following statements about the results of the study are true?
Children who received speechreading training showed significant gains at 3 months post-training compared to the control condition on an open-set speechreading measure (i.e., The Everyday Questions test).
Which type of equipment were the SLPs least confident with troubleshootin
Cochlear Implant
You're watching an Iowa basketball game and Fran McCaffrey is arguing with the referee (without his mask on). You are able to understand most of what he is saying via speechreading, even though you can't hear him. This is an example of what factor related to speechreading?
Contextual constraints
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA), how often should hearing aid checks be performed?
Daily
Deaf (capitol D) persons tend to marry other _______ and usually (but not always) would prefer to have children who also have _______.
Deaf persons, profound hearing loss
What is one possible side effect of the desire to conform to group expectations for teens who are hard of hearing?
Decreased amplification use
What is an example of a non-malleable factor?
Degree of hearing loss
Early intervention services are part of what section of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act?
Part C
A cochlear implant bypass the _____.
Ear Drum
In the section on cognition and language, the authors describe a seminal study by Yoshinaga-Itano et al. (1998). What was the primary finding of that study?
Early-identified children with additional disabilities had language outcomes that were similar to late-identified children with no disabilities
After the cochlear implant microphone picks up the sound wave, it converts it to a(n)...
Electrical Signal
Absence of the VII nerve is a medical contraindication for a CI.
False
Advantages gained by early identification only occur in children who are exposed to an auditory-oral intervention approach.
False
Family participation in early intervention was more likely to occur when services were delivered in a clinic setting.
False
Generally parents reach the acceptance stage in the grief cycle by 6 months after diagnosis of the hearing loss.
False
In their position statement in 2000, the National Association of the Deaf acknowledged that young children with congenital hearing loss can receive significant speech perception benefits from cochlear implants.
False
Increasing the gain of hearing aids is a useful strategy for dealing with phonemic regression because the damage involves peripheral auditory pathways.
False
Private insurance rarely covers the cost of cochlear implants, because they are considered a cosmetic device.
False
Research suggests that full-time hearing aid use can prevent dementia in elderly adults.
False
Testing adults with monosyllabic word lists is the best way to get at everyday listening performance.
False
The majority of children in the Holte et al. study met all 1-3-6 guidelines for children who fail the newborn hearing screen.
False
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the grief cycle?
Frustration
Who is the population of interest in this study?
Graduate students in speech-language pathology
What is an example of a life course approach in aural rehabilitation?
Hearing conservation program with college students in the School of Music
According to your text, which step in the counseling process do audiologists frequently tend to skip in audiological rehabilitation?
Helping patients take responsibility for their listening problems
Presbycusis, in its most common form is a (high/low) frequency (conductive, mixed, sensorineural) hearing loss that progresses (rapidly/gradually). Select one within each parentheses.
High, SNHL, gradually
What setting did the majority of children receive early intervention?
Home
The Phonak Roger is a type of technology developed to....
Improve listening in background noise and reverberation
Where did the in-person therapy sessions take place?
In the child's home
What is a best-practice goal of early intervention with children with hearing loss?
Increasing family involvement in early intervention
Which statement best describes the hearing aid effect?
Individuals with hearing aids are judged as being less attractive
Children in the Fulcher et al. study who failed to attend therapy sessions or did not wear their sensory aid on a consistent basis were excluded from the data analysis. What effect does this exclusion have when determining the effects of auditory-verbal therapy (AVT) on language outcomes?
It biases the results in favor of AVT
Which of the following statements is true about the modified Goodman scale used for children?
It has a lower fence of 15 dB HL
11. Looking at the maternal education level data reported in Table 2, what generalization can you make about this particular sample of children with hearing loss?
It was an advantaged sample of children
What is one feasible option for improving collaboration between SLPs and audiologists, according to the authors?
Joint participation on students' IEP teams
What factor were the teleintervention and in person groups NOT matched on?
Length of HAT experience
Speechreading is harder when the speaker is (more/less) familiar, at a (greater/less) than 45 degree angle, and (male/female).
Less;greater;male
Hybrid implants are intended for patients with good ____ frequency hearing and poor ____ frequency hearing. Choose best options.
Low/High
Which of the following situations was not included in the questionnaire of communication-related tasks (see Appendix at end of the article)?
Making friends
What did the participants do in the "control" arm of the RCT?
Math Intervention
What were the categories of hearing loss used in this study?
Mild, moderate, severe
Why did the three cochlear implant manufacturers recommend reducing presentation levels from 70 dB to 50 or 60 dB for pre-operative speech perception testing in 2011?
More people would be eligible for a cochlear implant
What was the most common reason for delays in the EDHI process?
Multiple rescreenings
An example of someone using a controlling strategy as a coping behavior would be...
None of the above
Which group is relatively protected from social and emotional difficulties related to hearing loss? Children with....
None of the above
Approximately what percentage of SLPs did not have access to an educational audiologist?
One third
Why is it especially important for parents to understand the nature and impact of hearing loss on their child's development?
Only severe degrees of hearing loss or worse can have an impact on developmental outcomes
Based on Table 2 (Home Visit Quality), what was the only variable to show a significant group difference in favor of the teleintervention model?
Parent engagement during home visit
TI group > In person group on expressive language
Parents have to take an active role in therapy
Who were the participants in this study?
Parents of children with typical hearing
What speech feature is best conveyed via speechreading?
Place
Which of the following is NOT a finding from Holte et al.?
Severity of hearing loss affects timeliness of service delivery (e.g., confirmation of hearing loss, hearing aid fitting, entry into early intervention)
What is a limitation of using hearing loss simulations for patients with sensorineural hearing loss?
Simulations fail to capture hallmark characteristics of SNHL such as poor frequency resolution
What was a major limitation in this study?
Some of the children didn't complete all of the training sessions due to technical problems or lack of support
Current candidacy guidelines by the three FDA approved CI manufacturers have resulted in the following tests being recommended as part of the Minimum Speech Test Battery, with the exception of...
Speech in Noise test (SPIN)
Naming a topic (e.g., football teams) and having the client identify what team you're saying to them is an example of a(n):
Synthetic activity
What were the findings from the child outcome measures comparing scores for children in the teleintervention group compared to the in-person therapy group, post-intervention?
TI group > In Person group on receptive language
What were the findings from the child outcome measures comparing scores for children in the teleintervention group compared to the in-person therapy group, post-intervention?
TI group > In person group on expressive language
What were the caregiver-reported challenges and frustrations with using teleintervention?
Technological issues/connectivity
What technique allows audiologists to test the integrity of the internal device, both during and after surgery?
Telemetry
Why would hearing thresholds as indicated by the 4 frequency pure tone average (i.e., 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz) have little correlation with the ability to understand speech?
The 4 frequency PTA doesn't differentially weight the frequency regions that are most important for understanding speech
For service providers with low levels of specialization, what skill were they least comfortable with?
Troubleshooting hearing aids
What was a strength of this study?
The experimental design (i.e., RCT)
What was a limitation for the survey study?
The low response rate may have resulted in an unrepresentative sample of school-based SLPs.
What does it mean that the study was a "single-blind" RCT?
The researchers did not know if the children were in the experimental or control condition
What is a limitation of this study?
The study used a within-subject design (all subjects heard every hearing loss condition and presentation condition)
According to the authors, what is one reason for limited collaboration between SLPs and audiologists?
There is a limited number of educational audiologists in the US
What is one reason why children who are deaf or hard of hearing are receiving inadequate services?
There is a shortage of speech-language pathologists and early interventionists who are adequately trained to provide effective services
Which of the following makes it difficult to get families to follow up, after their child fails the newborn hearing screen?
They see their infant responding to sounds and think there isn't a problem with hearing.
Identify one limitation of the Fulcher et al. study, as stated by the authors. (YOU FILLED OUT)
This research only used middle/higher SES and ones with higher maternal education. Therefore, this is a limitation because it is not representative of lower income households or children with mothers of less education.
What might be a limitation of self-report measures?
Time Consuming
The majority of SLPs who responded to the survey reported that they were not confident in their ability to troubleshoot cochlear implants, hearing aids, and FM systems.
True
What is the major take-home message from this study?
Use of classification terms may cause parents to underestimate the impact of hearing loss on outcomes
What do Harrison et al. suggest as a method to increase the benefits of family involvement in early intervention?
Use of smartphones
Which of the following is an example of a homophene?
Wail/quail
Which behavior is counterproductive when trying to enhance speechreading?
Wearing Sunglasses
Which of the following is a positive indicator of success with a cochlear implant?
Younger age at implantation
In family-centered early intervention, one of the goals is that the service provider serves as the ______ for the family during the intervention sessio
coach
Which of the following settings is least likely to provide comprehensive aural rehabilitation services?
hearing instrument specialists
According to the text, what is the most important measure that can be obtained when assessing outcomes from hearing aid fittings?
self-report measures
The capacity to think independently, remain flexible, tolerate frustration, maintain healthy relationships with others, and have a capacity for self-direction and self-control are all examples of:
social competence
Which situation would be likely to result in the highest percent correct on a speech perception test? When the test stimuli are presented with...
steady state noise
7: The majority of families of newly identified children with hearing loss choose a listening and spoken language communication approach over sign language.
true