reproductive
The pathogen responsible for nearly 75% of cervical cancers is
HPV
The tough fibrous capsule that surrounds the testis is called the
Tunica albuginea
Which birth control method provides some protection against sexually transmitted diseases?
condom
barrier method of birth control
condom
What is the function of the ductus deferens?
conduct sperm between epididymis and prostate
The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called
daughter cells - secondary spermatocytes
Spermatozoa functionally mature within the
epididymis
______ is defined as an inability to achieve or maintain an erection
erectile disfunction
Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of
estrogen and progesterone
What structure releases the secondary oocyte during ovulation?
mature follicle
The process of spermiogenesis produces
mature sperm - spermatozoa
The uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is
menses
What uterine cycle event occurs when estrogen and progesterone decrease?
menstrual phase
__ is the process of sloughing off the old functional layer of the endometrium
menstrual phase / mensuration
lactation
milk production
The region where blood vessels enter the ovary is called the
ovarian hilum
The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers
ovulation
The primary follicle develops from the
primordial follicle
What is the function of gonads?
produce gametes and produce hormones
What roles do the ovaries perform?
produce oocytes, secrete female sex hormones, secrete inhibin
Spermatogenesis
production of sperm
After ovulation, the ovary secretes
progesterone
The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is
progesterone
The organ that surrounds the urethra and secretes an antibiotic protein is the
prostate
What are the functions of the bulbo-urethral glands?
secretes thick, alkaline mucus Helps neutralize acids in the urethra Also lubricates the tip of the penis
A sample of a woman's blood is analyzed for reproductive hormone levels. The results indicate a high level of progesterone, relatively high levels of inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH. The female is most likely experiencing ________ of the uterine cycle.
secretory phase
Sperm production occurs in the
seminiferous tubules
Sperm develop from stem cells called
spermatogonium
Where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the most mature spermatozoa?
testes
The male gonad is called a(n)
testis
In a(n) ________, each ductus deferens is cut, and either a segment is removed and the ends tied (or cauterized) or silicone plugs are inserted.
vasectomy
List the structures of a sperm
acrosome head neck middle part tail
Name the three columns of erectile tissue in the penis.
2 corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
Compare benign prostatic hypertrophy with prostate cancer.
BPH- occurs spontaneously in men over 50 -declining testosterone production with the presence of estrogen may stimulate growth -can constrict prostatic urethra and affect urination prostate cancer - second most common cause of cancer death in males -can be screened for by blood tests for prostate-specific antigen -treatment is radiation or removal of prostate (prostatectomy)
The use of which birth control method often results in the cessation of the uterine cycle?
Depo-Provera injection
The portion of the uterine tube that ends in fingerlike fimbriae is the
Infundibulum
What effect would low FSH levels have on sperm production?
Low FSH levels would lead to low levels of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules, decreasing both the sperm production rate and sperm count.
When spermatogonia divide, the two daughter cells produced are a spermatogonium and a
One cell remains in contact with the tubule basement membrane The other is a primary spermatocyte; 16 days from spermatogonium to primary spermatocyte
Describe the three layers of the uterine wall.
Perimetrium (peri, around + metra, uterus) -Outer surface -Incomplete serosa continuous with the peritoneal lining myometrium - thick MUSCULAR middle layer -Smooth muscle layer provides force for childbirth Endometrium -Glandular inner lining whose characteristics change with each uterine cycle
describe the process of spermiation
Process in which a sperm loses attachment to the nurse cell and enters the tubule lumen
What is the function of interstitial endocrine cells?
Produce androgens, such as testosterone and androstenedione (dominant sex hormones in males)
On a warm day, would the cremaster muscle be contracted or relaxed? Why?
Relaxed, so the scrotal sac could descend any from the warmth of the body, thereby cooling the testes
Interstitial cells produce
androgens (testosterone)
The ________ method of birth control involves taking either combination estrogen/progesterone birth control pills or progesterone-only pills in two large doses 12 hours apart within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse.
birth control pills
Which muscle moves the testes towards the body?
cremaster muscle
The ________ is the part of the sperm that contains the DNA
head
oocyte
immature egg; a cell in an ovary that may undergo meiotic division to form an ovum.
The ________ is an opening through which the spermatic cord passes
inguinal canal
The primary role of FSH in males is to
initiate sperm production in the testes
Testosterone is secreted by the
interstitial cells
The production of milk is called
lactation
Define vasectomy
male sterilization Each ductus deferens is cut and blocked (either segment is removed and tied/cauterized, or silicone plug is inserted)
The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the
myometrium
During meiosis I, in maternal and paternal systems, chromosomes fuse together during the process called ________ to form a ________.
synapsis ; tetrad
The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the
uterine tube (fallopian)
Where does fertilization process normally occur in women?
uterine tubes
Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the
uterine tubes (fallopian)