research methods exam 1

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

Survey research is used to measure 'Variables' such as

- Demographic - Knowledge - Opinion - Attitudes - Behavior

what information is stated in the abstracted?

1)Statement of purpose or research aim 2) Description of individuals who served as participants 3) Brief explanation of what participants did during study 4) summary of important findings (must include statistical findings)

Which of the following addresses key points of validity in determining the level of evidence? Study design Flaws Accuracy of information All of the above none of the above

All of the above

Which of the following hits is useful in conducting your literature search? Specify research problem. Select the databases that would be beneficial for your literature search. Select the descriptors that best describe your research problem. If the search renders too many or too few references, review your descriptors and redo the research. All of the above None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is an important factor in determining the level of evidence for journals and abstracts? it must be relevant to the research effort. it must be correct. it must require little effort to procure. All of the above None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding 'Literature review"? Published information in a particular subject area. Summarized and synthesizes ideas from other research Keeps professionals up to date with current knowledge All of the above None of the above

All of the above

provides bibliographic citations to literature covering ethical, legal and public policy issues of health care and biomedical researches

BIOETHICSLANE

types of general indexing and abstracting services

BIOETHICSLINE biological abstracts CINAHL ERIC HAPI MEDLINE MEDLINEplus National library of medicine psychiNFO Social work abstracts TOXNET

provides comprehensive coverage of English-language nursing journals as well as journal titles from allied health disciplines

CINAHL

Which of the following statements is not true of 'nominal' level of measurement? Is the lowest level of in the measurement hierarchy. Enables researchers to put data into categories. Categorize individuals, objects, issues, or events into different group. Categorizes can be rank-ordered.

Categorizes can be rank-ordered.

an electronic publication available on CD-ROM and the internet published by National health service centre

Cochrane library

considered premier site for evidence-based searches

Cochrane library

Example of _____ variable: consumption of alcohol drinks

Dependent

Health and drug education, clinical psychology, behavioral science, and more

ERIC (Education Resource Information Center)

what database is Especially useful for health knowledge and education

ERIC (Education Resource Information Center)

Research Questions are similar to hypotheses, and they do entail specific predictions. t/f

False (do not entail specific predictions)

If a researcher interested in finding measurement or evaluation instruments in the health and psychosocial literature, which of the databases will be appropriate? BIOETHICSLINE CINAHL ERIC HAPI

HAPI

assists in identification of measurement and evaluation instruments found in health and psychosocial literature

HAPI (health and psychosocial instruments)

Example of _____ variable: year in college or gender

Independent

5 research chapters

Introduction literature review methods results conclusion/discussion/recommendations

Which of the following statement is not true of interval and ratio levels of measurement? Is the lowest level of in the measurement hierarchy. Differences between scores of equal magnitude really mean equal differences in the variable measured. The only difference between interval and ratio is that a ratio scale has an absolute zero (a point where none of the quality being measured exist). In SPSS, the interval and ratio is treated as 'scale' level of measurement.

Is the lowest level of in the measurement hierarchy.

national library of medicine's premier bibliographic database covering fields of medicine nursing dentistry etc

MEDLINE

NLM'S website for up-to-date private consumer health info

MEDLINEplus

Which of the following is defined as 'the assignment of numbers to objects or events according to sets of predetermined (or arbitrary) rules'? Evaluation Measurement Coding Classification

Measurement

What is the level of measurement for the variable below? gender? Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio

Nominal

In the field of health care, is it defined a clinical question in terms of specific patient problem aids the research in finding clinically relevant evidence in the literature. What is this definition? Evidence based literature PICO (Patient, intervention, comparison and outcome) Best practices All of the above None of the above

PICO (Patient, intervention, comparison and outcome)

regular publication of critical reviews of clinical trials pertinent to practice of pediatric critical care

PedsCCM evidence-based journal club

contains summaries of worlds serial literature in psychology and related disciplines

PsyciNFO

provides access to bibliographic information drawn primarily form MEDLINE and publisher-supplied citations that can be searched by level of evidence

PubMed

Which two scales of measurement have equal distances among the scores they yield? Nominal and ordinal Ordinal and interval Ratio and interval Ratio and nominal

Ratio and interval

a metasearch engine that searches several databases

SUMSearch

Which of the following is not a Haynes's 5 S's when it comes to the pyramid of evidence? Systems Summaries Synopses Syntheses Studies Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis

a collection of both bibliographic and factual databases focused on toxicology and health risks from chemicals

TOXNET

searches for systematic reviews as well as primary studies, synopses, and clinical questions

TRIPdatabase (turning research into practice)

The purposes of literature review includes all the statements below except: To review previous research work for your subject area. To discuss potential implications of your research. To review research methods to design your own research plan. To identify research questions.

To discuss potential implications of your research.

Which of the following statements is not true of basic research? aims to expand the knowledge base by formulating evaluating or expanding a theory basic research includes medial sciences such as biochemistry biology and microbiology the primary purpose of basic research is to discover new knowledge for the sake of knowledge aims to solve practical problems

aims to solve practical problems

which of the following includes purposes of the literature review? to gain an understanding of previous work help to identify your research question or hypothesis review the procedures and instruments used use the recommendations from existing research for further investigation

all of the above

_____ hypotheses: there is a difference between variables.

alternative

the component of epidemiology that addresses causation or etiology making it different from descriptive epidemiology

analytic epidemiology

theoretical concepts tested in real situations is ___ research

applied

research question that focuses on relationships

association questions

research questions that use inferential statistics like correlations and regressions

association questions

a print and Internet health care journal that uses evidence-based medicine techniques

bandolier

the content for this service is tertiary meaning it distills the information from secondary reviews of primary trials making it comprehensible

bandolier

types of evidence-based full-text and abstracting services

bandolier cochrane library database of abstracts of reviews of effectiveness (DARE) national guideline clearinghouse (NGC) PedsCCM evidence-based journal club PubMed SumSearch TRIPdatabase

aims to expand knowledge by formulating evaluating or expanding a theory

basic research

provides indexing for over 9000 journals of life science and experimental medicine (biochem, biophysics, etc.)

biological abstracts

primary goal of introductory pragraph is to ?

catch attention of readers

what chapter usually contains dramatic and general statements about the need of the study

chapter 1 (introduction)

chapter 2 is organized by significant time period

chronological

three ways chapter 2 (literature review) should be organized

chronological thematic methodological

often seen as a subset of experimental design research and come into play when testing efficacy of intervention such as new pharmaceutical product or surgical instrument

clinical trial

this research has its base in evidence-based medicine or practices

comparative and effectiveness research

this research is a systematic approach to clinical problem solving

comparative and effectiveness research

which is nOT a step in research process identify a study question select a study approach report study findings conduct needs assessment

conduct needs assessment

advantages of experimental research

convenience replication adjustment of variables establishment of cause-and-effect relationships

____ study strives to find relationship naturally occurring variables have with one another

correlational

disadvantages of experimental research

cost inability to generalize the results securing cooperation

the research process has a ____ nature

cyclic

part of the national health service centre-s Cochrane library and might be searched BEFORE MEDLINE for high quality reviews

database of abstracts of reviews of effectiveness (DARE)

answer to inquiry "what are precise limits of problem: ruling out peripheral considerations

delimitations

example of _____ the researcher has the study on public school only leaving out private junior high schools

delimitations

____ variable is dependent on another factor

dependent

referred to as outcome variable

dependent variable

____ statistics histograms, means, percentages, median, standard deviation

descriptive

____ statistics summarizes quantitative data in terms of what data is or what data shows

descriptive

what are three different types of research questions

descriptive association difference

research questions that describe/summarize data

descriptive questions

research questions that use percentages, frequencies, means, histograms

descriptive questions

____ summarizes quantitative data (variables) in terms of what the data is or what the data shows. For example, reporting mean, median, mode, frequencies, percentage, standard deviation

descriptive statistics

research studies that answer the questions who, what, when, where, and how

descriptive studies

purposes of literature review

develop understanding/grounding in theory define the problem review the procedure and instruments used originate new ideas rather than repeat work already accomplished use the recommendations from existing research for further investigation critique-relevant studies to apply well-founded components to your own study while avoiding pitfalls gain understanding of previous work and generate new ideas and concepts provide background info serve as guide to a topic keep professionals up to date with knowledge depth and breadth indicate credibility

research question that compares groups

difference questions

research questions that use inferential statistics like t-test and ANOVA

difference questions

what is the primary purpose of applied research?

discover knowledge in practical settings

primary purpose of basic research

discovering knowledge for the sake of knowledge alone

which of the following characteristics is not addressing a sound theory should stimulate new discoveries should indicate further areas in need of investigation should provide means of its verification does not need to be consistent with the already established body of knowledge

does not need to be consistent with the already established body of knowledge

___ measures effectiveness of a program's goal and objective

evaluation research

a method of assessing a process or program in a specific situation

evaluation research

evidence from this research is collected from a population and conclusion are drawn about effectiveness, merit, and success of program that was studied

evaluation research

this type of research is designed in controlling and manipulating one or more of the variables

experimental

____ is designed to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables or among variables

experimental research

study in which the investigator controls and manipulates one or more of the variables

experimental research

when researchers are interested in manipulating variables of study, what type of research would be appropriate to use? qualitative research evaluation research ethnographic research experimental research

experimental research

____ studies are manipulative studies that have random assignment

experimental studies

t/f the purpose of qualitative research is to analyze quantifiable variables

false

T/F in ordinal data, the order matters and also the difference between values matters

false (not the difference between values)

TF evaluation study is referred to as a subset of experimental research h designs and the purpose is to test efficacy of an intervention such as a new pharmaceutical product or surgical instrument or technique

false, clinical trial

a reasonable guess or a suggested answer to a problem statement or research question.

hypothesis

which is termed "researcher's tentative explanation that will predict significant results of the research study" research tentative statements research questions hypothesis

hypothesis

The ____ variable is the variable whose change isn't affected by any other variable in the experiment.

independent

a variable that stands alone and is not changed by other variables you are trying to measure

independent variable

sometimes called the causal variable

independent variable

__ is being used to try to infer from the sample data what the population might think. for example, reporting t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, correlations, regressions

inferential statistics

____ statistics include t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, correlation, and regression

inferential statistics

making subject fully aware of research project and getting permission from subject

informed consent

when selecting and identifying the research topics. what are 11 things that should be taken into consideration

interest operability scope theoretical and practical values health paradigm values of research research methodology reactivity unit of analysis time frame budget

in SPSS, __ and __ are treated the same

interval and ratio

five chapters in research writing

introduction literature review methods results conclusion/discussion/recommendations

major sub-headings of chapter 1

introductory paragraph statement of problem/purpose of research hypotheses/research question limitation definition of terms

which of the following statements is true regarding the descriptions of the results section? it is referred to as "technical interpretations of research questions using statistics" the results discuss potential limitation of this study the results summarize major research findings the results discuss potential implications of this study

it is referred to as "technical interpretations of research questions using statistics" the results summarize major research findings

Purpose statement two key elements

key variables and study population

____ are very similar to delimitations but they are referring to potential weaknesses of study such as sampling methods, research design, and reliability and validity of instruments

limitations

is defined as 'the assignment of numbers to objects (eye, people), or events (1st place, 2nd place, etc.) according to sets of predetermined (or arbitrary) rules'.

measurement

chapter 2 is organized by researchers "methods" / focus (culture significance, economic impact, health impact)

methodological

public resource for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines

national guideline clearinghouse (NGC)

includes journals citations updated weekly

national library of medicine

What is the level of measurement (LOM) for the variable below? eye color Nominal Ordinal Interval All of the above

nominal

When you ask a question like " Do you get a 7-8 hours of sleep at night" and answer choices are: a. Yes b. No What is the level of measurement?

nominal

country is what level of measurement

nominal

ethnicity is what level of measureent

nominal

what level of measurement? male/female

nominal

what level of measurement? Variables (names, issues, events, etc.) are placed into different categories of data

nominal data

a correlational study is a type of ____ study

non-experimental

what kind of study is survey research, having no control group

non-experimental studies

____ hypothesis no relationship between variables.

null

the statement of the problem is how many sentences

one

If we measure in such a way that we find out which subject is most honest, which is the next most honest, and so on, we are measuring at what scale of measurement? nominal ordinal interval ratio

ordinal

level of measurement? rank health conditions from serious to less serious

ordinal

level of measurement? which best represents your age? (65 years and older, younger than 65 years old)

ordinal

what level of measurement> Each person or thing being measured is put into one of the several ordered categories.

ordinal

o Focus and general direction in research proposal

purpose statement

___ is interested into gather and analyze data that is more descriptive (words) than numerical or quantitative

qualitative research

this research focuses on processes that frequently use inductive reasoning for analysis

qualitative research

non-experimental studies are a type of ____ research design

quantitative

difference of non-experimental and experimental

random assignment

The only difference between interval and ratio is that a ___ scale has an absolute zero

ratio

Systematic investigation of a subject (physical, biological, or social world) in order to find new knowledge

research

Equal differences between points on any part of the scale are equal in what level of measurement

scale

The highest level of measurement that can be used in meaningful mathematical operations such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing)

scale

height is what level of measurement

scale

what level of measurement? temperature

scale

what level of measurement? yearly income

scale

this type of data is described as reviewing existing data collected by others. ,what is this type of data called?

secondary data

eight steps of research process

select problem formate hypotesis review literature research design right tools collect data/manage data generate conclusion write research paper

contains records from social work and other related journals like homelessness, AIDS, etc.

social work abstracts

_____ research methods are considered descriptive methodologies in which results reveal what is happening in a particular occurrence

survey

this type of research is considered descriptive methodologies in which the results reveal what is happening in particular occurrence. this research involves recording, describing, analyzing and interpreting conditions that presently exist. also, it mainly focuses on revealing relationship between non manipulated variables

survey

___ uses questionnaires to investigate subjects' health related behavior, knowledge, attitudes or opinions

survey research

compares and contrasts to see relationship between non-manipuated variables

survey research

this research involves recording, describing, analyzing, and interpreting conditions that presently exist

survey research

when researchers are interested in describing and interpreting characteristics of variables that presently exist, what type of research would be most appropriate to use? qualitative research evaluation research ethnographic research survey research

survey research

chapter 2 is organized around topics/issues (access to caffeine drinks, advertisement, health education, and legislation)

thematic

which is not true of applied research classrooms, hospitals, clinics are the settings theoretical concepts are tested in lab setting uses same characteristics as basic research but aims to solve practical problems examples: testing health behavior change theories, needs assessment and program evaluation

theoretical concepts are tested in lab setting

Knowing the level of measurement helps researchers decide what statistical analysis is appropriate. t/f

true

T/F in nominal data, You would never average the data values.

true

T/F there are distinct differences between basic and applied research, but each may complement the other

true

The purpose of the doing the review of the literature is to develop an understanding of the background for the study;to very clearly delineate the problem; and to provide an emplirical basis for the hypothesis or research questions. T.F

true

When writing the literature review, subheadings of the literature review section are usually based on the variables and their relationship to the problem of your study. t.f

true

theories provide a way to conceptualize, organize, integrate and classify the facts that scientists assume T/F

true

A trait or characteristic with two or more categories is termed_________.

variable

defined as a characteristic with two or more attributes (categories)

variable

focus of experimental research is on relationship between ____

variables


Related study sets

Hemodynamics, HTN Crises, Valvular Disease & Aneurysms quiz 2

View Set

AZ-900 Azure Architecture and Services

View Set

APUSH - Learning Curve Chapter 5

View Set

ECONMT 115 - CH3 - Static Electricity

View Set