Respiratory
For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________.
0.5 to 1 micrometer thick
A premature baby usually has difficulty breathing. However, the respiratory system is developed enough for survival by ________.
28 weeks
Which of the choices below is not a roll of pleura?
Aida in blood flow and from the heart, because the heart sits between the lungs
There is respiratory membranes is a combination of
Alveolar and capillary walls in their fused basement membranes
Which of the following provides the greatest surface area of gas exchange?
Alveoli
Which of the following correctly describes of mechanism of CO2 transport?
Attached to the heme part of the hemoglobin
The relationship between the pressure and the volume of gases is given by
Boyle's Law
Which of the following maintain the patency (openness) of the trachea
Cartilage rings
The statement "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressure of gases in the mixture" paraphrases
Dalton's law
The loudness of a person's voice depend on the
Force which air rushes across the vocal fold
which respiratory associated muscle would contract if you were able to blow up a balloon?
Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles would contract.
Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer ?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?
More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs.
Which of the following is not true of the respiratory tract from the medium bronchi to the alveoli?
Resistance to air flow increases due to the increase in cross-sectional diameter.
Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange?
Respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Respiratory rate is lowest in newborn infants
The wall of the alveoli are composed of types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to
Secrete surfactant
Select the correct statement about the pharynx
The auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx.
Which choices below describe the force that acts to pull the lung away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs?
The natural tendency for the lung to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid.
Select the correct statement about the neural mechanism of respiratory control
The pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration.
Nerve impulses from______will result in inspiration.
The preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus
Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because no muscular contractions are involved. Expiration, however, depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists those two factors?
The recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of the alveolar fluid
Which of the following statement is true, regarding the respiration rate of a newborn?
The respiration rate of a newborn is at his highest rate, approximately 40 to 80 respirations per minute
The larynx contains ________.
The thyroid cartilage
inspiratory capacity is
The total amount of air that can be inspired after tidal expiration
Which of the choices below is not a functional process performed by the respiratory system
Trasport of respiratory gases
Which of the following determines lung compliance?
alveolar surface tension
How is a bulk of carbon dioxide carried in the blood?
as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells
The nose serves all the following functions except ________.
as the direct initiator of the cough reflex
Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2
blood pH adjustment
Which of the following is not found in the right lobe of the lung?
cardiac notch
Which of the following does not influence the increase in ventilation that occurs as exercise is initiated ?
decrease in lactic acid levels
With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________.
decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cells membranes by?
diffusion
Gas and emboli may occur because a
diver holds his breath upon ascent
Tidal volume is air ________.
exchanged during normal breathing
Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is
greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________.
increase of carbon dioxide
The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________.
inspiratory reserve volume
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.
interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
Respiratory control centers are located in the ________.
medulla and pons
Which of the following choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to the dissociation from the hemoglobin?
number of red blood cells
In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is
only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in dissolved form
Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movements ?
partial pressure gradient
Which center is located in the pons?
pontine respirator group (PRG)
Intrapulmonary pressure is the
pressure within the pleural cavity
Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?
rising blood pressure
The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are?
surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity
possible cause of hypoxia include?
too little oxygen in the atmosphere
The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________.
vital capacity (VC)
Factors that influence the rate, in depth of breathing include
voluntary cortical control
