Respiratory Practice Questions

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli to the blood. hardly affect either the partial pressure or diffusion of gases. decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli. increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? decreased temperature and decreased amounts of BPG decreased pH decreased temperature decreased amounts of BPG increased tissue PO2

decreased pH

When hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to hemoglobin it is termed sickle hemoglobin. hemolyzed. carbaminohemoglobin. deoxyhemoglobin. oxyhemoglobin.

deoxyhemoglobin.

The flap-like structure that prevents food from entering the larynx is called the soft palate. thyroid cartilage. uvula. epiglottis. cricoid cartilage

epiglottis.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone angiotensin. thymopoietin. renin. erythropoietin. thymosin.

erythropoietin.

When the pH ________, a state of acidosis exists. falls below 6.5 rises above 7 falls below 7 falls below 7.35 rises above 7.5

falls below 7.35

In which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration? from the blood into the tissue cells from the lungs into the blood from the lungs into the atmosphere from the tissue cells into the blood from the blood into the lungs

from the tissue cells into the blood

The partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at sea level is less than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest. greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest. equal to the sum of partial pressures from carbon dioxide and nitrogen. equal to the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest. equal to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest.

greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air at the top of Mt. Everest.

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the pressure in the atmosphere. less than the pressure in the atmosphere. greater than intraalveolar pressure. equal to the pressure in the atmosphere. less than intrapulmonic pressure.

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following except housing olfactory receptors. humidifying the air. warming the air. housing tonsils. filtering the air.

housing tonsils.

Low partial pressure of oxygen in tissues is a condition called hypoxia. ischemia. lung cancer. emphysema. asthma.

hypoxia.

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the cells and interstitial fluids is cellular respiration. external respiration. breathing. pulmonary ventilation. internal respiration.

internal respiration.

Which pressure remains negative throughout the respiratory cycle? atmospheric intrapleural intra-alveolar intrapulmonary and intra-alveolar intrapulmonary

intrapleural

What pressure will be present in the space labeled "4"? alveolar pressure subalveolar pressure atmospheric pressure interpleural pressure intrapleural pressure

intrapleural pressure

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to temperature. directly proportional to the volume of its container. directly proportional to temperature. always higher in the atmosphere than in the lungs. inversely proportional to the volume of its container.

inversely proportional to the volume of its container.

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of sodium. magnesium. calcium. copper. iron.

iron.

Which of these statements is correct? oxygen-sensitive enzymes are responsible for activation of EPO. oxygen-sensitive enzymes activate HIF which then activates EPO. oxygen-sensitive enzymes, in the presence of oxygen, allow HIF to accumulate and EPO to be released. oxygen-sensitive enzymes, in the absence of oxygen, allow HIF to accumulate and EPO to be released.

oxygen-sensitive enzymes, in the absence of oxygen, allow HIF to accumulate and EPO to be released.

When hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen atoms it is termed sickle hemoglobin. deoxyhemoglobin. carbaminohemoglobin. hemolyzed. oxyhemoglobin.

oxyhemoglobin

The resulting pain and inflammation when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as pleurisy. COPD. pulmonary hypertension. asthma. emphysema.

pleurisy.

Surfactant is produced by what cell type in the alveolus? pneumocytes Type I alveolar macrophages pneumocytes Type II smooth muscle cells pneumocytes Type I and Type II

pneumocytes Type II

The term ________ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space. pulmonary edema emphysema pneumothorax pleurisy pneumonia

pneumothorax

The area in which gas exchange occurs is called the conducting zone respiratory zone respiratory muscles nose local Shell station

respiratory zone

If PO2 increases saturation goes down and hemoglobin gives away oxygen. hemoglobin gives away oxygen. saturation goes up and hemoglobin stores oxygen. saturation goes up. hemoglobin stores oxygen.

saturation goes up and hemoglobin stores oxygen.

During inhalation, air continues to move into the lungs until the lungs recoil. the internal pressure is the same is atmospheric pressure. the compliance of the lung decreases. the internal pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. the internal pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

the internal pressure is the same is atmospheric pressure

The following is a list of some airways. What is the order in which air passes through them? 1. lobar bronchus 2. bronchioles 3. alveolar ducts 4. primary bronchus 5. respiratory bronchiole 6. alveoli 7. terminal bronchiole 1, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6 1, 4, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6 2, 4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 6 4, 1, 2, 5, 7, 3, 6

4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6

What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"? P outside = P inside P outside - P inside P outside > P inside P outside + P inside P outside < P inside

P outside < P inside

What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3"? P outside + P inside P outside > P inside P outside = P inside P outside < P inside P outside - P inside

P outside > P inside

Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration except the PO2 of the alveoli. thickness of the respiratory membrane. PCO2 of the blood. solubility of oxygen in plasma. PN2 of the alveoli.

PN2 of the alveoli.

For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the PCO2 should be high. PO2 should be about 70 mm Hg. BPG levels in the red blood cells should be high. PO2 should be as high as possible. pH should be slightly acidic.

PO2 should be as high as possible.

The chloride shift occurs in order to transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma. force oxygen out of the blood and into tissues. produce carbonic acid. pump hydrochloric acid out of gastric cells. produce salt for the cytosol of blood cells.

transport bicarbonate ions into the blood plasma.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greatest in inspired air. alveolar air. expired air. venous blood. arterial blood.

venous blood.

The serous membrane that covers the lungs is the parietal pleura. visceral peritoneum. parietal pericardium. visceral pleura. visceral pericardium.

visceral pleura.

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as bicarbonate ions. carbaminohemoglobin. solute dissolved in the plasma. carbonic acid. solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells

bicarbonate ions.

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the terminal bronchioles. spaces between the parietal and visceral pleura. blood air barrier of the alveoli. bronchioles. interlobular septa.

blood air barrier of the alveoli.

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is in ionic form as solute in the plasma. bound to hemoglobin. carried by white blood cells. dissolved in plasma. bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.

bound to hemoglobin.

When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin it is termed hemolyzed. oxyhemoglobin. sickle hemoglobin. deoxyhemoglobin. carbaminohemoglobin.

carbaminohemoglobin.

Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of carbon monoxide. sodium. carbon dioxide. oxygen. hemoglobin.

carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form oxygen. carbaminohemoglobin. hydrochloric acid. nitric acid. carbonic acid.

carbonic acid.

The function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide. carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. defend the body against infectious organisms. carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs. carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells.

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

The two organs that play an important role in maintaining acid-base balance are the liver and kidneys. liver and gallbladder. lungs and kidneys. heart and liver. heart and lungs.

lungs and kidneys.

Primary bronchi are to ________ as secondary bronchi are to ________. lobar bronchi; alveolar ducts trachea; pharynx segmental bronchi; lobar bronchi main bronchi; lobar bronchi lobar bronchi; segmental bronchi

main bronchi; lobar bronchi

Alveolar ventilation refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs. utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism. movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli. movement of air into and out of the alveoli. movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.

movement of air into and out of the alveoli.

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs. movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space. movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells. utilization of oxygen.

movement of air into and out of the lungs.

The effect of pH on hemoglobin saturation is known as the Hering-Breuer reflex. respiratory effect. pulmonary reflex. Bohr effect. Bainbridge reflex.

Bohr effect.

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? Pick all that are true.: HIF accumulates when there are high amounts of oxygen present in the blood. HIF is released by the production of EPO. HIF accumulates when oxygen levels are low. HIF accumulation causes the kidneys to release EPO.

HIF accumulates when oxygen levels are low. HIF accumulation causes the kidneys to release EPO.

If the volume of the lungs increases, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs? It increases twice the amount of the increase in volume. It decreases. It increases and possibly damages the lungs. It remains constant. It increases

It decreases.

A SCUBA diver has been deep underwater and suddenly rises to the surface too fast. Why does the diver get decompression sickness? The gas in the SCUBA tank had too much pressure and rapid ascent forces too much air into the blood. Pressure decreases too fast and nitrogen gas in the blood forms bubbles. Pressure increases too fast and too much oxygen enters the blood and forms bubbles. Pressure decreases and carbon dioxide rushes into cells. Pressure changes too fast and the carbon dioxide in the blood forms bubbles.

Pressure decreases too fast and nitrogen gas in the blood forms bubbles.

When the pH rises above 7.45, a state of ________ exists. alkalosis hydrosis ptosis acidosis apotheosis

alkalosis

The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract includes the alveoli. nose. larynx. trachea. bronchi.

alveoli.

External respiration involves the diffusion of gases between the interstitial fluid and the external environment. binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism. exchange of dissolved gases between the cells and interstitial fluids. movement of air into and out of the lungs.

diffusion of gases between the interstitial fluid and the external environment.

When does oxyhemoglobin form during respiration? during pulmonary ventilation immediately after carbon dioxide enters the blood during external respiration during internal respiration when the chloride shift occurs

during external respiration

Which of these factors does not affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? electrolyte balance blood pH the PO2 of blood RBC metabolic activity temperature

electrolyte balance

The term hypercapnia refers to an increase in pH. the cessation of breathing. elevated PO2. labored breathing. elevated PCO2.

elevated PCO2.

Dalton's law states that gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume. the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure. gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.

in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

Low pH alters hemoglobin structure so that oxygen binds less strongly to hemoglobin at low PO2. This increases the effectiveness of internal respiration. hemoglobin synthesis. external respiration. acid-base balance. carbon dioxide transport.

internal respiration.

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because it dries out the mouth. it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air. there is less resistance to air flow. bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity. it combines olfaction with respiration.

it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.

In response to respiratory alkalosis, the kidneys conserve bicarbonate. tidal volume increases. kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions. respiratory rate increases. kidneys retain more hydrogen ions.

kidneys retain more hydrogen ions.

Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is ANSWER: greater than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is low. less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low. equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when pH is high. equal to hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low.

less than hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low.

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to buffer stomach acid. buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. increase ventilation. buffer the urine. limit pH changes caused by metabolic and fixed acids.

limit pH changes caused by metabolic and fixed acids.

The Hering-Breuer reflex is an important aspect of normal, quiet breathing. alters pulmonary ventilation when the PO2 changes. protects the lungs from damage due to overinflation. alters pulmonary ventilation when the PCO2 changes. functions to increase ventilation with changes in blood pressure.

protects the lungs from damage due to overinflation.

The physical movement of air into and out of lungs is termed external respiration. gas diffusion. internal respiration. pulmonary ventilation. cellular respiration.

pulmonary ventilation.

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the lymph tissue. red bone marrow. spleen. heart. thymus.

red bone marrow.

Hypoventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis. lactic acidosis. metabolic alkalosis. respiratory acidosis. metabolic acidosis.

respiratory acidosis.

Henry's law states that the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure. gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional. gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.

the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric. intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric. they are equal. atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary. atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.

they are equal.