Respiratory system
1) Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system? a) Nose b) Oral cavity c) Pharynx d) Trachea e) Nasal meatuses
d) Trachea
6) The gas law that describes the pressure changes that occur during pulmonary ventilation is a) Boyle's law b) Charles' law c) Henry's law d) The inhalation law e) The law of partial pressure
a) Boyle's law
7) Which structure is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi? a) Trachea b) Larynx c) Nasopharynx d) Pharynx e) None of these choices
a) Trachea
67) Which of the following is a deep inhalation through a widely opened mouth producing an exaggerated depression of the mandible, the precise cause of which is unknown? a) sobbing b) yawning c) coughing d) laughing e) hiccupping
b) yawning
37) The MOST important factor that determines the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is a) red blood count b) volume of the blood c) PO2 d) heart rate e) PCO2
c) PO2
29) A man is found lying unconscious on the floor of his apartment during a very cold period. A space heater is nearby. His lips appear to be cherry red in color. He might be suffering from a) carbon dioxide poisoning b) sulfur dioxide poisoning c) carbon monoxide poisoning d) excessive oxygen intake e) any of these is possible
c) carbon monoxide poisoning
8) Which of the following is the primary gas exchange site? a) Trachea b) Bronchiole c) Nasal sinuses d) Alveolus e) Bronchus
d) Alveolus
11) The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called a) Carina b) Secondary bronchioles c) Parietal pleura d) Visceral pleura e) Diaphragm
a) Carina
16) Exhalation begins when a) Inspiratory muscles relax b) Diaphragm contracts c) Blood circulation is the lowest d) Both Inspiratory muscles relax and Diaphragm contracts e) All of these choices
a) Inspiratory muscles relax
4) Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water? a) Pharynx b) Larynx c) Paranasal sinuses d) Trachea e) Esophagus
a) Pharynx
79) During quiet inhalation, which respiratory muscles contract? a) diaphragm and external intercostals b) diaphragm and internal intercostals c) internal and external intercostals d) diaphragm and external obliques e) diaphragm and internal obliques
a) diaphragm and external intercostals
28) An individual is suffering from gangrene. This is a condition where circulation to tissues is interrupted causing a serious reduction in oxygenation to these tissues. Anaerobic bacteria invade the tissues and must be treated. If antibiotics don't work, an intelligent treatment may include a) hyperbaric oxygenation b) fresh air c) drinking liquids with alcohol d) a reduction in ambient oxygen levels e) all of these are valid treatments
a) hyperbaric oxygenation
74) Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration? a) in the medulla b) in the pons c) in the cerebrum d) in the hypothalamus e) in the cerebellum
a) in the medulla
49) If an individual experiences a broken rib which is displaced sufficiently to puncture a lung, even though the outer skin is not punctured, he will most likely develop a) pneumothorax b) hemothorax c) atelectasis d) bronchiectasis e) cachexia
a) pneumothorax b) hemothorax c) atelectasis
66) Which of the following is a series of convulsive inhalations followed by a single prolonged exhalation where the rima glottidis closes earlier than normal after each inhalation so only a little air enters the lung with each inhalation? a) sobbing b) sneezing c) coughing d) hiccupping e) Valsalva maneuver
a) sobbing
5) Which structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea? a) Arytenoid cartilage b) Epiglottis c) Nasopharynx d) Thyroid cartilage e) Paranasal sinus
b) Epiglottis
17) Which of the following is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume? a) Total lung capacity b) Functional residual capacity c) Inspiratory capacity d) Vital capacity e) Minimal volume
b) Functional residual capacity
13) Which of the following are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant? a) Type I alveolar cells b) Type II alveolar cells c) Type III alveolar cells d) Surface cells e) Macrophages
b) Type II alveolar cells
10) Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs? a) stratified squamous epithelium with keratin b) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c) ciliated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells d) transitional epithelium with cilia e) columnar connective tissue with goblet cells
b) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
30) An individual suffers a blood clot in an artery that delivers blood to his leg. The leg begins to take on a blue hue, becomes colder than the rest of his body and he experiences numbness in the leg. He is most likely experiencing a) anemic hypoxia b) ischemic hypoxia c) hypoxic hypoxia d) histotoxic hypoxia e) allergic hypoxia
b) ischemic hypoxia
83) The neurons of the pontine respiratory group transmit nerve impulses to the a) hypothalamus b) medulla c) cerebellum d) thalamus e) spinal cord
b) medulla
77) The surgical procedure used to cosmetically reshape the nose or to correct a deviated septum or fracture of the nose is called a) otoplasty b) rhinoplasty c) mammoplasty d) laryngoplasty e) ophthalmoplasty
b) rhinoplasty
69) Which of the following is a spasmodic contraction of the muscles of exhalation that forcefully expels air through the nose and mouth? a) sobbing b) sneezing c) coughing d) sighing e) Valsalva maneuver
b) sneezing
36) An individual has an ideal weight of 125 pounds. Based on this fact, the estimated size of his anatomical (respiratory) dead space is a) 250 milliliters b) 65 milliliters c) 125 milliliters d) 100 milliliters e) it cannot be determined with just this fact
c) 125 milliliters
20) When blood pH drops, the amount of oxyhemoglobin _____ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells _____. a) Increases, increases b) Increases, decreases c) Decreases, increases d) Decreases, decreases e) Does not change, does not change
c) Decreases, increases
15) Which of the following indicates the direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs? a) Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide into blood b) Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood c) Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood d) Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood
c) Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood
70) Which of the following is a long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the rima glottidis, which results in a strong exhalation, pushing the rima glottidis open and sending a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages? a) crying b) sneezing c) coughing d) sighing e) Valsalva maneuver
c) coughing
85) The cartilages and muscles of the larynx develop from the a) endoderm of the respiratory diverticulum b) tracheal bud c) fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches d) bronchial buds
c) fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches
9) Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system? a) stratified squamous epithelium with keratin b) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c) hyaline cartilage d) mucus membrane e) bone
c) hyaline cartilage
68) Which of the following is a long drawn and deep inhalation immediately followed by a shorter but forceful exhalation? a) sobbing b) yawning c) sighing d) hiccupping e) Valsalva maneuver
c) sighing
12) Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus? a) stratified squamous epithelium b) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c) simple squamous epithelium d) hyaline cartilage e) columnar connective tissue with goblet cells
c) simple squamous epithelium
80) The volume of one breath is called the a) inspiratory reserve volume b) expiratory reserve volume c) tidal volume d) vital capacity e) forced expiratory volume
c) tidal volume
19) Which of the following is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport? a) Bound to hemoglobin b) Bound to oxygen c) Dissolved in plasma as a gas d) Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions e) Diffusion
d) Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
81) The sum of the partial pressures of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gasses in our environment is called a) environmental pressure b) gaseous pressure c) total partial pressure d) atmospheric pressure e) vapor pressure
d) atmospheric pressure
84) Exercise bring about an increase in a) pulmonary perfusion b) oxygen diffusion capacity c) carbon dioxide retention d) both a and b e) both b and c
d) both a and b
65) Which of the following is an inhalation followed by many short convulsive exhalations during which the rima glottidis remains open and the vocal folds vibrate, accompanied by characteristic facial expressions? a) sneezing b) yawning c) hiccupping d) crying e) Valsalva maneuver
d) crying
63) Which of the following is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by spasmodic closure of the rima glottidis, which produces a sharp sound on inhalation? a) sneezing b) coughing c) laughing d) hiccupping e) Valsalva maneuver
d) hiccupping
64) Which of the following is an inhalation followed by many short convulsive exhalations during which the rima glottidis remains open and the vocal folds vibrate, accompanied by characteristic facial expressions? a) sneezing b) yawning c) hiccupping d) laughing e) Valsalva maneuver
d) laughing
76) The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose and throat is a) otology b) laryngology c) pulmonology d) otolaryngology e) ophthalmology
d) otolaryngology
27) A White baby boy is born after 7 months of gestation. He develops difficulty breathing and looks slightly blue. He is most likely suffering from a) the flu b) bacterial pneumonia c) asthma d) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) e) viral pneumonia
d) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
78) Coryza is the medical name for a) influenza b) bacterial pneumonia c) viral pneumonia d) the common cold e) asthma
d) the common cold
82) If each hemoglobin molecule has bound 3 oxygen molecules, the hemoglobin is considered to be saturated at what percentage? a) 30% b) 3% c) 50% d) 50% e) 75%
e) 75%
2) Which of the following is NOT a conducting zone action? a) Clean air of debris b) Conduct air into the lungs c) Add water to air d) Warm air e) All of these are actions of the conducting zone.
e) All of these are actions of the conducting zone.
14) Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects pulmonary ventilation? a) Lung compliance b) Surface tension of alveolar fluid c) Elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs d) Airway resistance e) All of these are factors that affect pulmonary ventilation
e) All of these are factors that affect pulmonary ventilation
3) Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange? a) Partial pressure difference of gases b) surface area availability for gas exchange c) Diffusion distance d) Molecular weight and solubility of the gases e) All of these are factors that determine the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange.
e) All of these are factors that determine the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange.
18) Which of the following is NOT a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on? a) Partial pressure difference of the gases b) Surface area for gas exchange c) Diffusion distance d) Molecular weight and solubility of the gases e) Force of contraction of diaphragm
e) Force of contraction of diaphragm
21) Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? a) pH of blood b) Partial pressure of the oxygen c) Amount of oxygen available d) Temperature e) Respiratory rate
e) Respiratory rate
62) Which of the following is a forced exhalation against the closed rima glottidis as may occur during periods of straining while defecating? a) sobbing b) coughing c) crying d) hiccupping e) Valsalva maneuver
e) Valsalva maneuver
53) Normal quiet breathing is controlled by the a) Pontine respiratory group b) Medullary respiratory center dorsal respiratory group c) Medullary respiratory center ventral respiratory group d) Medullary respiratory center dorsal respiratory group and medullary respiratory center ventral respiratory group e) all of these
e) all of these
75) With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids? a) muscular b) digestive c) nervous d) endocrine e) urinary
e) urinary