respiratory system

All of the following statements are TRUE regarding lung cancer EXCEPT which one?

One hundred percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke.

Ventilation refers to the process by which

air moves into and out of the lungs

All of the following are involved in the regulation of the rate and depth of breathing EXCEPT which one?

bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the respiratory center when they arrive at the muscles involved in inspiration?

contraction of the diaphragm

Which one of the following muscles separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation

During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs

initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body

Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin

is bound to carbon dioxide

Which one of the following is a symptom of botulism?

paralysis of muscles used for breathing

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body.

pharynx larynx trachea bronchiole alveoli

During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea?

smooth muscle

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

soluble bicarbonate ion

Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart

via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit

Which of the following occurs as air is drawn through the nose?

Air is warmed, filtered, and humidified

All of the following are TRUE regarding the effect of smoking on the respiratory system EXCEPT which one?

Antimicrobial compounds found in the respiratory mucus of smokers decrease the likelihood of infection.

How does external respiration differ from internal respiration?

Internal respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas external respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.

Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the process of cellular respiration, which results in the production of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions.

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body causes

a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Which of the following disorders is described as follows: damage to motor nerves innervating skeletal muscle; skeletal muscles weaken; death usually results within five years of diagnosis?

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues to the lungs by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following lists these mechanisms in order representing the mechanism that carries the most carbon dioxide to the mechanism that carries the smallest amount?

bicarbonate—dissolved in plasma—carbaminohemoglobin

A condition in which wheezing occurs with breathlessness and a persistent cough, and yields yellowish or greenish phlegm is

bronchitis

Burning of carbon-based fuels can produce which one of the following, an odorless gas that competes with oxygen for binding to hemoglobin

carbon monoxide

During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

epiglottis

External respiration is the process of

exchanging air in lungs with the surrounding environment

Antibiotics are the preferred treatment for colds

false

Deoxygenated blood is transported to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs by the pulmonary veins; oxygenated blood is transported away from the pulmonary capillaries by the pulmonary arteries

false

Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood during internal respiration

false

The figure above depicts expiration

false

The trachea is completely surrounded by rings of cartilage, resulting in an organ that is inflexible

false

In which one of the following situations is hemoglobin most likely to bind oxygen?

in a tissue with a neutral pH

The respiratory control center is located

in the medulla oblongata

Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that they

lack cartilage in their walls

During puberty, the increased production of testosterone in males causes the rapid enlargement of which one of the following structures of the respiratory system?

larynx

When air entering the respiratory tract leaves the pharynx, it next enters the

larynx

During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to

pull the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases

All of the following are part of an individual's vital capacity EXCEPT which one?

residual volume

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body results in a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid, which results in an increase in breathing rate.

true

Hemoglobin binds more tightly to carbon monoxide than to oxygen.

true

Hemoglobin in red blood cells can bind both oxygen and carbon dioxide, but not at the same time since it uses the same binding site

true

Lung capacity is typically measured with the use of a spirometer

true

Lung diseases, such as emphysema, can be diagnosed by measuring lung volumes and the rates at which these volumes change

true

Surfactant is released to reduce surface tension in the alveoli

true

The rate and depth of normal breathing are controlled by the need to get rid of CO2

true