Restorative Arts Midterm Study

Rubber cement

A cement or adhesive containing rubber in a solvent

False Hair

A covering or bunch of human or artificial hair used for restorative purposes

Mouth former

A device used in the mouth to shape the contour of the lips.

Flat spatula

A flat, knife-like instrument used for wax applications, modeling, and mixing cosmetics; a palette knife.

Sternocleidomastoid

A muscle of the neck that is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and by separate heads to the sternum and clavicle; marks the widest part of the neck.

Suture Needle

A needle designed to carry sutures when sewing tissues

Feature builder

A product used to provide natural form to emaciated tissues by hypodermic injection

Eminence

A prominence or projection.

Digital Images

A representation of a real image as a set of numbers that can be stored and handled by a digital computer

Stipple Brush

A small, rounded, stiff brush, all bristles the same length, used to simulate pores on wax; stencil brush; could be used for cosmetic application.

Surface restorer wax

A soft wax that is used to fill in shallow depressions.

Cartilage

A specialized type of dense connective tissue; attached to the ends of bones and forming parts of structures, such as the nasal septum and the framework of the ear.

Length

A vertical dimension

Lip wax

A very soft restorative wax that is commonly tinted to assist embalmers with matching various skin colors, used to smooth areas of the mucous membranes or to correct separations of the lines of closure of the lips and eyes.

Body tape

Adhesive tape specifically designed for use on human remains

Advantages and disadvantages of snapshot photos

Advantages- lots of details on the photos with natural imperfections. Disadvantages- group photos, bad lighting, and things that detract from the subject.

Advantages and disadvantages of digital images

Advantages- most people have a lot of these photos, they are high definition and easily transferred. Disadvantages- you can be given too many photos, there can be more than one person in the photo, people can easily modify the photos.

Advantages and disadvantages of professional portraits.

Advantages- the photos are large and focus on a single person. Disadvantages- the possibility of enhanced studio lighting, most are airbrushed.

When is hypodermic tissue building performed?

After embalming.

Powder brush

An instrument containing hairs or bristles set in a handle used to apply and/or remove powder

Forceps

An instrument for grasping, holding firmly, or exerting traction upon objects especially for delicate operations

Bleaching agents

Chemical agents that act to lighten a discolored area by surface compress or hypodermic injection

Preservative gel

Chemical gel in form, typically used for surface embalming and bleaching of human remains

Cauterizing agents

Chemicals that possess the capacity to dry tissues by searing; caustic agent

Convex

Curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere.

Fossa

Depression; concavity

Head and positioning blocks

Equipment designed to maintain the head, arms, and legs in an appropriate viewing position

Concave

Exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface; a concavity.

False Nails

Extensions placed over fingernails for restorative purposes

List the common restorative supplies.

Eyecaps, head and positioning blocks, mouth former, cotton rolled and sheet, feature builder, bleaching agents, cauterizing agents, adhesives, ligature, false hair, false nails, preservative gel, and stain removers.

Cotton rolled and sheet

Material well - suited for various applications during the restoration process

Derma-surgery/ restorative wax

Medium firmness wax that is intended for small feature restoration as well as shallow surface repairs.

Examples of acquired facial markings

Nasolabial Sulcus, Transverse Frontal Sulci,Interciliary Sulci, Optic Facial Sulci (Crow's Feet), Superior Palpebral Sulcus, Inferior Palpebral Sulcus, Bucco-Facial Sulcus, Mandibular Sulcus, Labial Sulci (furrows of age), Platysmal Sulci, and Cords of the Neck.

Mortuary Putty (mastic)

Putty like substance that can be injected under skin or applied to surfaces to establish natural form; this product also has absorbent and sealing qualities.

Massage cream

Restorative oily product used as a protective coating for external tissues; prepares a suitable base for cream cosmetics and may also be used to soften wax; an emollient

List the common restorative instruments used.

Scalpel, flat spatula, hypodermic needle, syringe, electric spatula, suture needle, scissors, forceps, aneurysm hooks and needles, pneumatic and water collars, razors, and various brushes.

Cribiform plate

The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity.

Protrusion

The state of condition of being thrust forward or projecting.

Eyecaps

Thin dome-shaped items designed to be placed beneath the eyelids to restore natural curvature and to maintain the position of the closed eye.

The substances used for hypodermic tissue building.

Tissue building chemical, associated solvent, hypodermic needles, and syringes.

The purpose of hypodermic tissue building.

To restore natural contour

Anatomical Position

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

Furrow

a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations

Scissors

a cutting instrument having two blades whose cutting edges slide past each other

Syringe

a device used to inject fluids into or withdraw them from something

Wound filler

a firm wax and is considered the most dense and least adhesive type of wax. It is used to fill large cavities (typically requiring a basket- weave suture to anchor the wax filler) or to model features.

Taper

a form that receded away from a given point; a form that becomes gradually smaller toward one end; top reduce gradually from the center.

Hypodermic needle

a hollow needle commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body or extract fluids from it

Depression

a hollow or shallow concave area in a surface.

Scalpel

a knife with a small, sharp, sometimes detachable blade

Professional portraits

a photograph of a person, especially of the face, taken by a professional photographer.

Highlight

a surface lying at right angles to the source of illumination, which reflects the maximum amount of light; the brighter part.

Rapid Bonding Cement

a very strong quick-setting adhesive, based on cyanoacrylates or similar polymers.

Adhesive

agent which may be applied in order to sustain contact of two surfaces

Electric Spatula

an electrically-heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form

Groove

an elongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface

Fold

an elongated prominence adjoining a surface

Razors

an instrument with a sharp blade or combination of blades, used to remove unwanted hair from the face or body.

Stain removers

any substance of agent that will remove or lessen an external discoloration.

Post-embalming examples

bathing hairstyling, suturing and concealment of sutures, excising tumors, hypodermic tissue building, reduction of swelling, wax restorations, cosmetic applications.

Examples of pre-embalming

bathing, shaving, setting features, temporary sutures if necessary.

Antemortem

before death

Anterior

before or in front of; an anatomical term of position and direction which denotes the front or forward part.

Deep

below the surface, or toward the central part of the structure.

Inferior

beneath; lower in plane or position; the undersurface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure; toward the feet.

Snapshot

casual photograph, typically taken quickly with a small personal handheld camera.

Superficial

closer to the surface

Form

external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elements

Acquired facial markings

facial markings that develop during one's lifetime, primarily as a result of repetitious use of certain muscles.

Transverse Plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Tinting Brush

instrument designed to add color to specific features

Spreading brush

instrument designed to spread various cosmetics

Lining and highlighting brush

instruments designed for use when addressing meticulous areas such as lips, eyes, hairline, and other areas that require extra-fine details

Pneumatic and water collars

instruments designed to fit around the neck to reduce neck swelling that work by inflating with air or water

Aneurysm hooks and needle

instruments used for blunt dissection

Asymmetry

lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion.

Superior

more elevated in place or position; higher; upper; anatomically towards the head.

Medial

nearer to the midline; opposite of lateral direction.

Muscles of the neck

platysma, sternocleidomastoid

Posterior

position of direction; toward the back.

In what order should restorative treatments be accomplished.

pre-embalming, concurrent, post-embalming

Prognathism

projection of the jaw(s) beyond the projection of the forehead.

Co-embalming examples

removal of gases or fluids from body cavities, apply pressure to reduce swelling, bleaching discolorations, and removal of intravascular discolorations.

What classifies as a minor restorative art procedure

requires minimum time, effort, and skill to complete.

Point of entry for hypodermic tissue building.

should be in hidden areas such as regions of the hairline, in the nostrils, the corners of the mouth, in a fold of tissue, or in a recessed area to avoid detection after the treatment is concluded as the injection site often exhibits a dehydration mark.

Mid-sagittal Plane

situated or placed in the middle of the body dividing it into the right and left halves. another word for median plane.

Median plane

situated or placed in the middle of the body dividing it into the right and left halves. another word for mid-sagittal plane.

Shadow

surfaces which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light.

Projection

the act of throwing forward; a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings.

Margin

the boundaries of edges.

Restorative art

the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

Width

the dimension of an object measured across from side to side.

Hypodermic Tissue Building

the injection of special creams or liquids into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour.

Weather line (mucous membranes)

the line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of each mucous membrane.

Contour

the outline or surface form

Physiognomy

the study of structures and surface markings of the face and features.

Mucous Membranes

the visible red surfaces of the lips; the lining membrane of body cavities which communicate with the exterior.

Platysma

thin layer of muscle covering the anterior aspect of neck

Ligature

thread used for suturing

Septum (nasal)

vertical cartilage dividing the nasal cavity into two chambers, responsible for asymmetry of the nose.