Retake test gov study guide

Education and transportation policies are primarily state responsibilities. However, under __________ the federal government has also been making policy in these areas. a. cooperative federalism b. a federal government system c. unified government (Consider This: While unified government is frequently credited with expanding the role of the national government, the reality is that growth varies from administration-to-administration and depending on party in charge does not always impact education and/or transportation.) d. constitutional government

(A)cooperative federalism

How many amendments have been made to the Constitution since its ratification?

27

__________ was a protest by Massachusetts farmers to stop foreclosures by state courts. a. Shays's Rebellion b. Whiskey Rebellion Consider This: This protest played a major role in undermining support for the Articles of Confederation. c. Marbury v. Madison d. Boston Tea Party

A.Shay's Rebellion

Which of the following is an example of fiscal federalism? a. grants-in-aid b. minimum wage legislation Consider This: While minimum wage laws are fiscal by definition, they require no distribution or allocation of funds from the national government to the states. c. a blue-ribbon task force on education d. gas mileage requirements

A.grants-in-aid

While working on the Constitution, what aspect of the new government most concerned James Madison? a. tyranny of the majority b. foreign affairs c. slavery d. elitist control Consider This: Checks and balances and separation of powers were established to deal with this issue.

A.tyranny of the majority

Sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

In United States v. Lopez, the U.S. Supreme Court scrutinized the use of which of the following powers as related to the possession of firearms in public schools? a. national defense b. commerce c. taxing Consider This: The Court in Lopez evaluated the impact of firearms in public school in relationship to the impact on the national economy but did not include discussion of taxation. d.educational

B. Commerce

Which type of federalism is characterized by a system of state and national governments with separate but distinct authority? a. cooperative (Consider This: Cooperative federalism is generally associated with overlapping powers and authority rather than a separation of both.) b. dual c. combined d. progressive

B. Dual

The power of both the state and federal governments to influence education policy is an example of __________ federalism. a. layer-cake b. marble-cake c. pineapple-upside-down-cake d. cupcake

B. Marble cake (cooperative)

Free speech and a free press are essential to which principle of traditional democratic theory? a. inclusion (Consider This: Rights such as free speech and free press are necessary for a marketplace of ideas) b. effective participation c. enlightened understanding d. equality in voting

B. effective participation

What was the subject of the Connecticut Compromise? A.the form of the executive branch b. the form and membership of the legislative branch c. the number of Supreme Court justices d. the legality of slavery (Consider This: This compromise was designed to reconcile the differences between the Virginia and the New Jersey plans.)

B. the form and membership of the legislative branch

Before the ratification of the Constitution, the United States was organized as a(n) __________. a. oligarchy - Consider This: An oligarchy is a form of government wherein a small group of people have control of country. b. confederation c. conglomeration d. direct democracy

B.Confederation

Which theory argues that special interest groups have essentially become sovereign, and the government is merely their servant? a. federalism b. hyperplurialism c. pluralism d. majority rule Consider This: Majority rule says that the interests of the majority must be represented in government, but the government system is fragmented, making it difficult for the majority to be represented.

B.hyperpluralism

How does our government respond to the priorities of its people? a. through linkage institutions Consider This: While linkage institutions are channels through which people's concerns reach policymakers, these institutions on their own do not address the priorities of the people because they do not create policy. b. through a policymaking system c. through political science d. through political tolerance

B.through a policymaking system

Which of the following is an example of a categorical grant? a. Funds provided by Congress to the states for substance abuse prevention. Consider This: A categorical grant requires specific and detailed spending provisions as opposed to a block grant that is more general in nature. b. Funds provided by Congress to the states for education in general. c. Funds provided by Congress to the states to enhance science instruction in a low-income area.This answer is correct. d. Funds provided by Congress to the states for transportation infrastructure.

C. Funds provided by Congress to the states to enhance science instruction in a low-income area.

The power to regulate immigration is best described as a(n) __________ power. a. state Consider This: While states can take minor steps in promoting immigration, formally, the Constitution does not provide immigration and naturalization powers to the states. b. reserved c. federal d. implied

C.Federal

What condition occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy, yet each may be strong enough to thwart the will of the others? a. divided government b. separation of powers c. policy gridlock d. Hyperpluralism Consider This: Government is weakened because of the plethora of groups.

C.policy gridlock

What determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue? a. public opinion b. public policy c. politics d. the media Consider This: The media focuses on the who of this term, usually the candidates, voters, and parties.

C.politics

__________ helped establish the preeminence of the federal government over the states.

Civil War

Which of the following was part of both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? a. the right of taxation by the federal government b. the federal judiciary c. the presidency Consider This: The government under the Articles did not have an executive branch, one of the sources of inefficiency in that system. d. a congress

D. Congress

Which of the following was a problem under the Articles of Confederation? a. The national government was too strong compared to the states. b. Congress imposed excessive taxes. Consider This: Under the Articles, each state was largely independent and could generally establish their own policies. c. Amendments were too easy to ratify. d. Congress lacked the authority to regulate commerce.

D. Congress lacked the authority to regulate commerce

In the United States, pluralism suggests which of the following? a. Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution. b. Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency. c. Too many influential groups cripple government's ability to govern. Consider This: Hyperpluralism suggests that the fragmented nature of our government, with overlapping jurisdictions, finds itself serving too many group interests. D. Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

D. Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

The withdrawal of American troops from Iraq resulted from which of the following? a. a regulation b. a budgetary choice c. a congressional statute Consider This: Congress does have significant foreign and defense policymaking papers but determining troop movement and withdrawal, or say bombing ISIS targets, is usually conducted by the Executive branch. d. a presidential action

D. Presidential action

In the 1994 elections, the Republican Party advocated for a(n) __________ of national government authority to state governments. a. redevelopment b. excavation c. evolution (Consider This: Rather than being a new proposal for restructuring the relationship between the states and national government, the 1994 Republicans were arguing for a return to the relationship that existed prior to cooperative federalism and the New Deal.) d. devolution

D. devolution

Which principle of traditional democracy theory is violated in circumstances in which the wealthy have influence over the government's policy agenda that far exceeds what would be expected based on their numbers? a. equality in voting b. enlightened understanding c. effective participation Consider This: Effective participation means that citizens have equal means for political participation, but it does not refer to which groups of people the government will most influence the policy agenda. d. citizen control of the agenda

D.citizen control of the agenda

Which theory contends that American society is divided along class lines? a. balance of power b. policy gridlock d no majority exists, policy gridlock occurs. c. pluralism d. elitism

D.elitism

Devolution

Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments.

Which of the following specifies the procedure for amending the Constitution? a. Article v b. Article VI c. Article I Consider This: The process for amending the Constitution has two stages: proposal and ratification. d. Article III

a. Article v

Which of the following cases involved the commerce clause? a. Gibbons v. Ogden b. Roe v. Wade c. Marbury v. Madison d. Brown v. Board of Education (Consider This: Brown v. Education involved civil rights in public education, as opposed to issues of banking and finance typically associated with the commerce clause.)

a. Gibbons v. Ogden

How did the Constitution differ from the Articles of Confederation? a. The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation. b. The Constitution contained strong protections for individual rights; the Articles of Confederation contained strong protections for collective rights. c. The Constitution was based on democratic principles; the Articles of Confederation was based on tyrannical principles. d. The Constitution contained stronger safeguards for states' rights than did the Articles of Confederation. Consider This: Under the Articles, states had all of the political power.

a. The Constitution created a stronger national government than did the Articles of Confederation.

Which of the following most directly protects individuals' civil liberties? a. the Bill of Rights b. The Federalist Papers c. the Declaration of Independence Consider This: These were added to the Constitution in order to allay the fears of the Anti-Federalists. d. Second Treatise of Civil Government

a. the Bill of Rights

What did the Connecticut Compromise help to establish? a. the Senate and the House of Representatives b. universal male suffrage c. an independent judiciary d. the federalist system Consider This: This compromise was designed to reconcile the differences between the Virginia and the New Jersey plans.

a. the Senate and the House of Representatives

Who of the following generally favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution? a. Federalists b. Daniel Shays c. Constitutionalists d. Anti-Federalists Consider This: This group supported the work of the Constitutional Convention and included James Madison.

a.Federalists

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court held that Congress has broad authority to regulate __________ a. interstate commerce b. education (Consider This: It was not until the 1940s that the Supreme Court actively recognized that the national government had a role to play in public education) c. religion d. interest rates

a.interstate commerce

What most closely exemplifies equality in voting? a. one person, one vote b. freedom of speech and of the press c. universal citizenship d. inclusion (Consider This: The government must extend rights of citizenship to all people subject to its laws. Voting is one of these rights.)

a.one person, one vote

Which of the following was the earliest major Supreme Court decision to define the relationship between the federal and state governments? a. Marbury v. Madison b. McCulloch v. Maryland c. Dred Scott v. Sanford Consider This: The Dred Scott decision redefined the relationship between free states and slave states but had relatively little impact on the relationship between the states and national government. d. Fletcher v. Peck

b. McCulloch v. Maryland

What is a mandate? a. an order from a state government requiring a federal action b. an order from the federal government requiring the states to take a certain action c. an order from the federal government prohibiting the states to take a certain action Consider This: Mandates involve or require a positive government action such as spending or creating a program. d. an order from a state government prohibiting a federal action

b. an order from the federal government requiring the states to take a certain actionThis answer is correct.

Which of the following urged for the colonies to become independent from Britain? a. Our American Cousin b. Common Sense c. Revolution d. Federalist 10 Consider This: This pamphlet, written by Thomas Paine, encouraged the colonists to separate from Britain.

b. common sense

The __________ principle is that, in a democracy, policies should reflect the will of more than half of the voters. a. enlightened rule b. majority rule c. pluralism

b. majority rule

Which of the following is a confederation? a. the United States b. the United Nations c. China d. Great Britain

b. the United Nations

Of the following, which is a power denied to states by the Constitution? a. a supervision of contrast between individuals b. the power to enter into treaties c. imposing taxes Consider This: Prior to the Sixteenth Amendment, a vast majority of taxing power belong to the state governments. d. establishment of criminal laws

b. the power to enter into treaties

How does government usually protect its national sovereignty?

by maintaining armed forces

What model of federalism is sometimes described metaphorically as a marble cake? a. new federalism b. progressive federalism c. cooperative federalism d. dual federalism Consider This: Dual federalism involves the strict separation of powers and is typically associated with layer cake.

c. cooperative federalism

Which of the following best exemplifies devolution? a. No Child Left Behind Act Consider This: The No Child Left Behind Act removed power from the states and increased the role of the national government in regulating public K-12. b. New Deal legislation c. welfare policy d. Troubled Asset Recovery Program

c. welfare policy

What are the two types of federal powers derived from Article I, section 8 of the U.S. Constitution? a. enumerated; suggested Consider This: While individuals have frequented suggested new rights to the Supreme Court, the Court has never formally adopted a suggested right - instead preferring to carve out new rights from constitutional sources. b. disguised; explicit c. suggested; explicit d. enumerated; implied

d. enumerated; implied

The preemption(seizure) of state and local laws by federal laws is based on which clause of the U.S. Constitution? a. full faith and credit Consider This: Full faith and credit applies to states respecting the laws of other states but does not include a language establishing preemption of state laws. b. equal protection c. due process d. supremacy

d. supremacy