Review Exam Questions Chapter 1

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy refers to the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships, whereas physiology refers to the study of the functions of those structures.

Which field of physiology examines how the heart, blood vessels, and blood function?

Cardiovascular Physiology

What is an example of a disease process by which homeostasis is disrupted?

Diabetes is an example of a disease process in which homeostasis is disrupted because there are excess blood glucose levels.

What does it mean if an organism is "responsive," and how does this characteristic relate to the survival of this organism?

If an organ is responsive it means that the organ is able to react to Stimui which is a thing that causes a reaction within a specific organism. This relates to the survival of the organism because the body gives off positive feedback and negative feedback in the giving event of Homeostasis. Therefore if you are breastfeeding you would hope that the organ is responsive in order to react to what is happening.

How might knowledge of surface anatomy be important for a health-care worker during a CPR emergency?

Knowledge of surface anatomy might be important to health care workers during CPR because surface anatomy is the study of external features of the body. When doing CPR one is doing compressions over a person's rib and in order to understand that you would need to know where a person's body parts are to jump the heart.

Make a table that lists the levels of organization, the structural units in that level, an example found in the body, and whether this level is simple or complex.

Levels of Organizations Are Simplest to complex Chemical Level: Atom Molecule (Carbon, Sugar ) Macromolecules (Proteins, DNA) Cellular level (cells ) Tissue Level (Tissues)Epitheal, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue Organ Level(Small intestines) Organ system level( liver, large intestine) Organism Level

What is the main difference between a homeostatic system regulated by negative feedback and one regulated by positive feedback?

Negative Feeback is : Most processes in the body are controlled by negative feedback. If a homeostatic system is controlled by negative feedback, the resulting action will always be in the opposite direction of the stimulus. In this way, the variable is maintained within a normal level, or what is called its set point. Note that when a variable is regulated by negative feedback, the variable fluctuates around a set point (rather than being a constant) Positive feedback: A homeostatic system may also be controlled by positive feedback. The stimulus here is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs Following the climactic event, the body again returns to homeostasis. Because their end result is to increase the activity (instead of initially returning the body to homeostasis), positive feedback mechanisms occur much less frequently than negative feedback mechanisms.

List and describe the three components of a homeostatic system, and give examples of each in the human body.

The Three components of the Homeostatic system are Receptors, control system, and effectors. Examples of each within the human body: Receptors: Sensory neurons. May be in the skin or inter organs. The eye ear tongue or nose. Retna of the eye. Control system: nervous system ( brain or spinal cord) Regulating blood pressure when rising out of bed. The pancreas acts as both receptors and Control system Effectors: smooth muscles and or exocrine glands

What type of plane would separate the nose and mouth into superior and inferior structures?

The Transversal plane

Which organ system is responsible for filtering the blood and removing the waste products of the blood in the form of urine?

The Urinary system

Which directional term would be most appropriate in the sentence "The elbow is ____ to the wrist"?

The elbow is superior to the wrist

If a physician makes an incision into the abdomen along the midsagittal plane, superior to the umbilicus and just inferior to the thoracic diaphragm, then the skin of the ___ abdominopelvic region has been incised.

The epigastric region

Which body structures act as the receptor, control center, and effectors when the body is regulating temperature?

The hypothalamus : controls a variety of effectors that respond to a decrease in body temperature.

Which body cavity is associated with the lungs and what are the names and specific location of its serous membranes?

The thoracic cavity is associated with the lungs. The names of the specific location of its serous membrane is Pluera.

Compare and contrast how anatomists and physiologists specifically describe the small intestine.

When looking at comparing the small intestine an Anatomist and a Physiologist might compare them differently. An anatomist would simply state you can locate the small intestine in the lower region of your body within the abdominal cavity. Whereas a Physiologist would go to death on having the small intestines as part of the digestive system.