Review for Government Final
Which of the following situations might violate a First Amendment right? ? Police search a high school student's locker for drugs ? A state legislature passes a law prohibiting the possession of firearms ? Prisoners are not allowed to consult their attorneys ? A town council refuses to grant a permit for the Ku Klux Klan to march.
A town council refuses to grant a permit for the Ku Klux Klan to march
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are examples of ways Americans can: -Advance the common good without relying on government -Received charters from Congress to perform quasi-legislative duties -Avoid other civic responsibilities -Avoid registering for the draft
Advance the common good without relying on government
Civil disobedience differs from more law-breaking in which of the following ways? -Civil disobedience is not breaking the law because the First Amendment protects it -Civil disobedience is a spontaneous act -Civil disobedience is not breaking the law because it has been an important tool in civil and voting right movements. -Civil disobedience seeks to justify its actions by referencing to higher moral laws.
Civil disobedience seeks to justify actions by refrencing to high moral laws.
Nations try to maintain international order by: -Collective security, in which nations agree to protect one another from attack -Participating in the League of Nations -Participating in the international police force to enforce international law -Enforcing trade agreements
Collective security, in which nations agree to protect one another from attack
The Fourteenth Amendment changed the Constitution by: -Defining national and state citizenship -Making national citizenship unavailable to Confederate officials -Defining the period of residence required to become a naturalized citizen -Giving the states exclusive power over citizenship.
Defining national and state citizenship
Which of the following is not a fundamental principle of the American constitutional system? -Checks and balances -Popular sovereignty -Rule of law -Executive supremacy
Executive supremacy
Political parties in the Unites States: -Were created by Article IV of the U.S. Constitution -Are examples of narrowly focused interest groups -Have their rules approved by the U.S. Supreme Court -Generally reflect broad coalitions of interests.
Generally reflect broad coalitions of interests
In comparison with the executive branch as organized by the First Congress, the executive branch as organized by the First Congress, the executive branch today has: -Lost much of its original power -Asked Congress to be more active in developing federal regulations -Allowed the cabinet to dominate the presidency -Grown larger and more complex
Grown larger and more complex
The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is important because it: -Changed the emphasis of the Magna Carta on procedural rights of subjects -Has been used to extend the protections of most of the provisions of the Bill of Rights -Provides a referendum on pending national legislation -Modifies the commerce clause of Article I of the U.S. Constitution
Has been used to extend the protections of most of the provisions of the Bill of Rights
States are called "laboratories of democracy" because they: -Test the validity of executive orders at the local level -Issue advisory opinions to Congress -Implement novel social and economic policies -Place limits on the federal government.
Implement novel social and economic policies
The Tenth Amendment was included in the Bill of Rights: -Over the objects of Anti-Federalists -To protect rights that were not specifically listed -So that the States could not violate individual rights -In an Effort to reserve powers not specifically states in the Constitution
In an effort to reserve powers not specifically stated in the Constitution
Citizenship of Native Americans was resolved by the -Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 -Dred Scott decision 1837 -Missouri Compromise 1821 -Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
A basic difference between the Bill of Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that the Bill of Rights.: -is enforceable by an authorized government. -enumerates more rights -is democratic -is a clearer statement of rights and privileges
Is enforcable by an authorized government
The "Exclusionary rule" enforces protections found in the Fourth Amendment in which of the following ways? -It requires the police to read individuals their rights -It requires the government to show "probable cause: before a warrant is issued -It prohibits the police from searching or seizing property at a school -It Prohibits the government from using evidence obtained in an illegal search.
It Prohibits the government from using evidence obtained in an illegal search
The Fourth Amendment protects an individual's privacy from government intrusion in which of the following ways? -It requires a general warrant to be issued before search or seizure -It requires absolute proof of a crime committed before issuing a warrant for arrest -It prohibits general warrants because they allow indiscriminate searches -It prohibits general warrants because they limit government power.
It requires absolute proof of a crime committed before issuing a warrant for arrest
The Supreme Court's power to declare the meaning of the U.S. Constitution is known as: -Judicial restraint -Judicial activism -Judicial review -Judicial inquiry
Judicial review
Administrative agencies are important because they: -Make rules to implement laws passed by Congress -Are elected by the people -Are provided for the Article VII of the Constitution -Are not required to exercise judgment
Make rules to implement laws passed by Congress
In the American federal system, the scope of the national government's authority grew significantly due to the Supreme Court's interpretation of the ? "privileges and immunities" clause ? "free exercise" clause ? "necessary and proper" clause ? "full faith and credit" clause
Necessary and Proper
Anti-Federalists objected to the proposed Constitution because they believed that it : -Placed too much power in the national government -Established the supremacy of Congress -Enumerated individual rights in too many places -Authorized the Supreme Court to use judicial review
Placed too much power in the national government
The "establishment clause" of the First Amendment: -Prohibits the press from inquiring into government operations -Prohibits Congress from establishing a national religion -Prohibits the government from requiring individuals to house soldiers -Places limits on an individual's right to free expression.
Prohibits Cogress from establishing a national religion
Congress represents both the people and the states by: -Gerrymandering electoral districts -Proportional representation in the House and equal state representation in the Senate -Requiring consensus on all bills approved by the House and Senate. -Having the power to override presidential vetoes
Proportional representation in the house and equal representation in the Senate
"The right of the people peaceably to assembly" means that the government may: -Forbid assemblies based on their consent, subject, or theme -Prohibit the use of public property for assemblies or demonstrations -Apply restrictions to some groups but not to others -Reasonable "time, place, and manner" restrictions
Reasonable "time, place, and manner" restrictions
The Federalists defended the proposed Constitution because it would: -Be too easy to amend -Rely on separation of powers and checks and balances -Provide for a highly educated people -Allow all adult males the right to vote.
Rely on separation of powers and checks and balances
According to the supremacy clause of the Constitution, "supreme law of the land" refers to ? acts of the president ? decisions of the Supreme Court ? The Constitution, federal laws, and treaties ? laws passed by state legislatures
The Constitution, federal laws, and treaties
Which of the following is an example of a "positive right" found in the U.S. Bill of Rights?: -The First Amendment, which states "Congress shall make no law" that violates fundamental rights to freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition -The Sixth Amendment, which guarantees criminal defendants in criminal cases the right to speedy and public trials. -The Third Amendment, which states, "No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law." -The Second Amendment, which required the government infringing upon the "right of the people to keep and bear Arms."
The Sixth Amendment, which guarantees criminal defendants in criminal cases the right to speedy and public trials.
A Fundamental difference between the Articles of Confederation and the Virginia Plan was that: -The Articles of Confederation allowed the national government to collect taxes from individuals -The Virginia Plan called for a strong national government -The Virginia Plan recommended a weak legislative branch. -The Articles of Confederation called for a strong national government.
The Virginia Plan called for a strong national government
The primary method Congress uses to consider proposed legislation is: -Open debate on the floor of the House -The committee system -Public opinion polls -Executive orders from the president
The committee system
The Framers adopted the Electoral college method of choosing the president because: -They wanted to assure a wise consideration in the choice of president -They were afraid women would vote -The colonies had used that system -It was used successfully in the French system
They wants to assure a wise consideration in the choice of president
In American constitutional democracy, citizens are expected to: -Promote their individual rights without regard to the common good -Allow government to assume responsibility for solving social problems -Ignore their own personal interests when making political choices -Think critically about public issues and participate in public affairs.
Think citically about public issues and particpate in public affairs
Which of the following is an important characteristic of an adversarial legal system? ? Cross-examination of witnesses is conducted by the judge ? Two opposing sides present their case to an impartial judge or jury ? There are no jury trials ? Cases are presented by the actual parties, without the assistance of lawyers.
Two opposing sides present their case to an impartical judge or jury
Americans can influence Congress in all the following ways except: -Petitioning -Testifying before committees -Lobbying on behalf of pending legislation -Voting on pending legislation
Voting on pending legislation
The distribution of powers between the national government and the states in the U.S. is known as: a. Federalism b. Feudalism c. Separation of powers d. Delegation of powers
a. Federalism
To say that the rights of life, liberty, and property are inalienable means that they: a. cannot be given up or taken away. b. belong only to citizens. c. are subject to government approval. d. are protected by the Constitution.
a. cannot be given up or taken away
The idea that political power is derived from the people is called: a. popular sovereignty b. judicial review c. unitary government d. executive supremacy
a. popular sovereignty
Because many Americans believe that their own opportunity to succeed is related to the well-being of society, they ? act for the common good out of enlightened self-interest ? put aside civic virtue for the sake of their families ? respect and accept the opinions of elected public officials ? reject classical republicanism in favor of the natural rights philosophy.
act for the common good out of enlightened self-interest
The delegates to the Philadelphia Convention were authorized to ? draft treaties governing international trade. ? write a new constitution for the nation ? amend the Articles of Confederation ? develop a plan for admitting new states to the union
amend the Articles of Confederation
Time, place, and manner restrictions on freedom of expression are generally upheld by the courts if they ? give local authorities adequate discretion to enforce them ? apply only to obscene material or libelous statements ? do not make it overly difficult for a person to share their ideas with others ? are not applied to traditional public forums such as street corners and public parks.
apply only to obscene materials or libelous statements
Civic virtue is best defined as: a. Giving authority to government in exchange for protection for your natural rights. b. Putting the common good above your own individual interests. c. Giving up some of your natural rights in order to create a strong government. d. Separating power among groups to maintain a balanced government.
b. Putting the common good above your own individual interests.
The Magna Carta includes the important constitutional principle that established: a. freedom of religion. b. equal rights for all citizens. c. government based on the rule of law. d. the supremacy of Parliament.
b. equal rights for all citizens
According to the natural rights philosophy, the main purpose of government is to: a. create a democracy. b. protect individual rights. c. create a system of separation of powers. d. promote the rights of the ruling class.
b. protect individual rights
In colonial America the right to vote most often depended on a person's gender and: a. national origin b. social class c. ancestry d. property ownership
b. social class
The purpose of a writ of habeas corpus is to protect the individual against: a. accusation of treason b. unlawful detention c. cruel and unusual punishment d. self-incrimination.
b. unlawful detention
In comparison with the Greek and Roman ideals of civic virtus, the Judeo-Christian tradition: a. Advocates enlightened self-interest b. Emphasizes the common good c. Stresses the dignity and worth of each individual d. Reduces the importance of individual rights
c. Stresses the dignity and worth of each indivual
One major issue left unresolved by the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 was: a. The power of the states to coin money b. The power of the House to initiate revenue bills c. The definition of National Citizenship d. The power of the national government to regulate commerce with the Indian tribes
c. The definition of National Citizenship
The Founders believed that the separation of powers was important in order to: a. make the government more efficient. b. allow more people to hold office. c. prevent the misuse of power. d. provide for legislative supremacy
c. prevent the misuse of power
Which of the following statements about a constitution is most accurate? a. Governments with constitutions are limited governments. b. some nations do not have constitutions. c. Dictatorial governments lack constitutions. d. Constitutions may be unwritten
d. Constitutions may be unwritten
The Enlightenment inspired American Founders by: a. Endorsing executive supremacy b. Making society more rigidly structured c. Justifying divine right of kings d. Emphasizing what could be achieved through the exercise of human reason
d. Emphasizing what could be achieved through the exercise of human reason
The Declaration of Independence stated the colonists' grievances against British rule as they related to: a. economic opportunities b. military policy c. religious intolerance d. political authority
d. political authority
Many of the first state constitutions provided for supremacy of the -executive branch -judicial branch -legislative branch
executive branch
In the decades immediately following their ratification, the Civil War Amendments did little to protect the rights of African Americans because ? freed slaves refused to support the amendments ? Reconstruction policies prohibited the amendments from taking effect ? federal officials did little to enforce the provisions of the amendments. ? several Supreme Court rulings prohibited the states from passing civil rights legislation.
federal officials did little to enforce the provisions of the amendments
When Southern states seceded from the Union, they justified their actions by arguing that the United States was a ? sovereign nation ? constitutional democracy ? democratic republic ? federation of sovereign states
federation of sovereign states
The leaders of the civil rights movement were significantly aided by the Constitution's protection of ? freedom of assembly and petition ? the privileges and immunities of citizenship ? property rights ? the separate but equal doctrine
freedom of assembly and petition
Procedural due process is based on the idea that ? defendants' rights must be considered over the needs of society. ? systems of criminal justice must be affordable ? police officials must have necessary authority to enforce the law. ? government officials must obey the law.
government officials must obey the law
The power of Congress to investigate is an example of its: -Delegated powers -Reserved powers -Inherent powers -Executive powers
inherent powers
The most persuasive objects to the Constitution by George Mason and other Anti-Federalists was that a. the judicial branch lacked sufficient power. b. it gave too much power to the House of Representatives ? certain actions required more than a simple majority vote. ? it did not contain a bill of rights.
it did not contain a Bill of Rights
A major weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation was its ? lack of authority to regulate interstate trade. ? unequal representation of the states. ? power to violate individual rights. ? combination of executive and judicial functions in a single branch of government.
lack of authority to regulate interstate trade
Black Codes were passed in the Southern states to ? help African Americans find employment ? limit the newly won freedoms of former slaves ? help local governments protect African Americans ? deny state citizenship to the freed slaves.
limit the newly won freedoms of former slaves
The guarantee of equal protection of the laws in the Fourteenth Amendment means that government: ?Is responsible for seeing that Americans have the same opportunities ?May not unfairly or unreasonably treat people differently. ?Is responsible for ensuring that people have a decent standard of living ?May not conduct unreasonable searches and seizures of private property
may not unfairly or unreasonable treat people differently
Some Founders believed that majority rule could be a treat to: -states' rights -local self-government -natural rights
natural rights
A fundamental difference between citizens and resident aliens is that only citizens may ? enjoy the protections of the Bill of Rights ? engage in social and political actions ? participate in their own governance ? buy and sell real estate
participate in the own governance
In the debate over representation in Congress, the larger states generally favored ? equal representation ? proportional representation. ? bipartisan representation. ? limited representation.
proportional representation
Individuals and groups that lobby government officials are exercising their ? due process rights ? right of petition ? right to counsel ? private association rights
right of petition
The right of the Senate to approve or disapprove a treaty made by the president is an example of ? the "general welfare" clause ? separation of powers ? proportional representation
seperation of powers
Critics of judicial review claim that it conflicts with principles of ? original jurisdiction ? the supremacy clause. ? constitutionalism ? representative government.
the supremacy clause
