Review Questions 7 & 8

cognitive map

A mental representation of the layout of one's environment is called

positive punishment

Administering something that is undesired is called

proactive interference

Charity is having trouble remembering the layout of her new dorm room this year because the location of appliances is on the opposite side of the room. Almost by habit, she walks to the wrong side of the room to use them. This is an example of

shaping

Ferdinand wants to lose 10 pounds through exercise. After losing a pound each week, he rewards himself with a new workout outfit to keep him moving towards how goal. This would be an example of:

latent learning

Gertrude watches her aunt change a flat tire on their car. A month later, Gertrude has a flat and is surprised that she recalls how to change the tire. This is an example of

iconic memory

If Alana is picturing the words on this slide as she reads them for a fraction of a second (before they fade away), she is likely utilizing

CS

In classical conditioning, which is an originally irrelevant stimulus that becomes associated and triggers a learned response?

flashbulb memory

Leonard can remember exactly where he was and how he felt the day his grandmother died; the weather, the time, what activities he was engaged in. Recalling it in such detail makes him feel upset. This is an example of

Effortful processing

Max is unfamiliar with the timelines he needs to remember for his history class, and he is disinterested in the material. Which of the following will memorization likely require

-imitation -observational learning -empathy

Mirror neurons may provide a basis for

source amnesia

Misattributing whether we heard about, read about, or imagined an event is called

misinformation effect

Misleading information that has corrupted one's memory of an event is called

Interference

Research shows which of the following does NOT improve memory

extinction

Sequia learned that when an emergency bell rang in school, there was a fire. For the last two years there has been no fire when the bell rang, so Sequia stopped jumping out of her seat to evacuate. This is an example

negative punishment

Terrence gets caught sneaking out of the house at night past his curfew. His parents take away his car privileges for a month. This is an example of

sensory memory -> short-term memory -> long-term memory

The correct order of information to travel through the memory system is

intrinsic motivation

The desire to perform a behavior effectively for it's own sake is called

encoding specificity principle

The idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be effective in helping us recall it, is called

anterograde amnesia

The inability to form new memories is called

generalization

The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit a similar response is called:

primacy effect

The tendency to recall items that appear first on a list is called

deep processing

Vera needs to memorize a new route to work because of a road closure. Instead of memorizing the number of turns and stoplights, she thinks about her favorite stores that she passes on her way. This would be an example of

-Rewarded behavior is more likely to -Punished behavior is less likely to recur -Reinforcers vary with circumstances

Which is TRUE in regards to the law of effect

Massed practice

Which of the following does NOT enhance memory

-Punishment teaches discrimination among situations -Punishment can teach fear -Physical punishment may increase aggression

Which of the following is TRUE regarding physical punishment

Amygdala

Which part of the brain is responsible for emotion-related memory formation

Encoding

Which refers to the processing of information into the memory system