Review Quiz
Which theorist believed that economic relationships were the only social relationships that mattered?
Karl Marx
One of the reasons why crime rates change over time may be due to changes in individuals'
age
Which of the following crimes was the most common in the United States in 2016?
aggravated assault
What kind of theoretical framework would be most suitable to answer "how do vagrancy laws perpetuate power and exploitation?"
conflict theory
Which kind of theory would say that the rules are different for the rich than they are for the poor, making deviant behavior almost unavoidable for people in the poor and working classes?
conflict theory
What kind of person investigates the following questions: Who makes laws? Who breaks laws? Who benefits from designing and enforcing laws? How do individuals begin committing crimes? What are the intentions of law enforcement institutions?
criminologist
Many of the Founding Fathers were cannabis farmers, but by 1937 every state in the United States had outlawed marijuana use. Today, more states have legalized marijuana for medical and/or recreational use. What does this illustrate about deviance?
cultural values, practices, and definitions of deviance change over time
Responding to criminal activity is not always simple. A life sentence as punishment for three felonies from the Clinton era "three strikes and you're out" policy is an example of what kind of approach to crime?
deterrence
Members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) first introduce themselves at AA meetings with their name and the proclamation that they are "alcoholics." These AA members are exhibiting
deviance avowal
Aubrey's mother says to her: "I don't want you to hang around with Michelle. She's going to be a bad influence on you." Aubrey's mother may not know it, but she's subscribing to which theory?
differential association theory
Sociologist Jack Katz studied deviance in terms of the deviant's own in-the-moment experience of committing the act. This emotional attractiveness of being bad is referred to as what aspect of deviance?
foreground
When a crime targets people based on race, sexual orientation, religion, gender, national origin, or disability status, it is classified as a(n)
hate crime
The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) is a group that promotes fair and accurate representation of gay people in the media. This group rejects the standards that label gay people as deviant and instead embraces the idea of
in-group orientation
Annie Duke is a professional poker player. She is very successful and earns a lot of money from gambling. How would a sociologist classify Annie according to Robert Merton's typology?
innovator
African-American girls in Philadelphia who navigate expectations of being "good girls" with the practical need for toughness demonstrate
intersectionality
What is one way in which "electronic aggression," or more commonly called "cyberbullying," differs from other types of bullying action?
it typically reaches more people
Eddie became sick and missed a week of school. He failed a test when he came back and his friends called him stupid. He was so upset that he didn't want to go back to school, so he skipped several more classes. Because of all the classes he missed, his teachers said that he wasn't a good student, so he decided to drop out of school. This kind of thinking is a self-fulfilling prophecy and comes out of which theory about deviance?
labeling theory
A repeat participant at a drug rehab facility represents what kind of stigma?
moral
Which of the following populations are most likely to commit crimes?
older teenagers
A person with a cleft palate represents what kind of stigma?
physical
Rosa Parks broke a law by refusing to give up her seat on a bus for a white man. Ultimately, this act was a pivotal moment in the launch of the civil rights movement. Rosa Parks's refusal to move to the back of the bus is an example of
positive deviance
Bribes, tax fraud, and insider trading are all examples of what kind of crime?
property
What can we learn from the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)?
property crimes occur more frequently than violent crimes
Labeling theory asserts that deviance is a matter of
social context
Conflict theorists assert that it is the imbalance of power that leads to deviance, and the more powerful in a society are able to criminalize behavior through the use of norms, rules, and laws. This process is a form of what?
social control
What kind of theoretical framework would be most suitable to answer "how does deviance clarify moral boundaries?"
structural functionalism
What kind of theoretical framework would be most suitable to answer "how did polygamy come to be defined as deviant in the United States?"
symbolic interactionism
What does a Padaung woman who uses brass rings to stretch her neck illustrate about deviance?
the definition of deviance is relative and varies according to culture
What is a criticism of for-profit, privately-owned prisons?
the rate of incarceration rates overlaps with an increase in private prisons
Property crimes differ from other forms of crime in what way?
they do not involve violence
A non-Jew in an all-Jewish enclave
tribal